Question: How does RuleBased system work ?

Answer: Rule based Systems are based on the principles of the logical reasoning and
ability of human. Components of an RBS: –Rulebase –Working memory –Rule
interpreter Robotics
Question: What are Robotics?
Answer: Automatic machines that perform various tasks that were previously done by
humans. Example: –Pilot-less combat airplanes –Land-mine hunters –
Autonomous vacuum-cleaners
Question: How can I add sound effects in my presentation?
Answer: You select the object on which you want to have a sound effect and then right
click and you will see an option "Action Settings" ,click on it and then select a
sound from list given.

Question: Tell me about PowerPoint(PP),which is the part of Multimedia.Would you

compare it with other Multimedia like flash?
Answer: PowerPoint (PP) is intended to produce desktop presentations (e.g., driving a
slide Projector) or to produce actual film slides (using a film recorder); it is Not
a tool for Web presentations. If you have a lot of presentations already In PP,
you may be forced to try its HTML export features, may have problems with
the resulting HTML (large file sizes, lots of garbage tags, poor image quality).
If you're fortunate enough to be starting from scratch, you're better to stick with
a tool designed and optimized specifically for the Web. Flash is used to prepare
presentations, games, animations so it is much powerful tool than Microsoft
PowerPoint.
Question: I have confusion about open source and firmware.
Answer: Open Source Software’s are available with their source code. Many are
available on internet, for example, very famous Operating System LINUX is
open source i.e. its source is available. Firmware is software embedded in the
 chips, for example, Programs in BIOS etc.
Question: Tell me about interface?
Answer: Interface is the point of interaction or communication between a computer and
any other entity, such as a printer or human operator.
Question: What is "Kernel"? Give me some suitable example.
Answer: The kernel is the essential center of a computer operating system, the core that
provides basic services for all other parts of the operating system. A synonym is
nucleus. A kernel can be contrasted with a shell, the outermost part of an
operating system that interacts with user commands. Kernel and shell are terms
used more frequently in Unix operating systems than in IBM mainframe or
Microsoft Windows systems. Typically, a kernel (or any comparable center of
an operating system) includes an interrupt handler that handles all requests or
completed I/O operations that compete for the kernel's services, a scheduler that
determines which programs share the kernel's processing time in what order,
and a supervisor that actually gives use of the computer to each process when it
is scheduled. A kernel may also include a manager of the operating system's
address spaces in memory or storage, sharing these among all components and
other users of the kernel's services.
Question: Tell me about Processor Management and some simple example.
Answer: The heart of managing the processor comes down to two related issues: 1)
Ensuring that each process and application receives enough of the processor's
time to function properly. 2) Using as many processor cycles for real work as is
possible
Question: What are MVS & VMS?
Answer: MVS is an operating system for mainframe computers. Both VMS and MVS
are multi-user operating systems.
Question: What is the meaning of GUI-based?
Answer: GUI (Graphical User Interface) based system facilitates the user to interact with
computer graphically like use of windows.
Question: Tell me about the bit-mapped or raster images.
Answer: A bitmapped image file contains a rectangular map of the image's pixels (bits)
where each pixel is located, and what color it is. A bitmapped image can
contain a specific maximum number of colors, depending on how much file
space is allocated for the color data: 256 colors for an 8-bit image, 65+
thousand for a 16-bit image, and 16+ million colors for a 24-bit image. Not
surprisingly, the larger the number of colors, the larger the file size. A raster
image file is generally defined to be a rectangular array of regularly sampled
values, known as pixels. Each pixel (picture element) has one or more numbers
associated with it, generally specifying a color which the pixel should be
displayed in.
Question: What is word processing and desktop top publishing?
Answer: The art and science of converting written information into a form that looks
pleasing when printed is called Word Processing. A combination of word
processing and graphic design is called Desktop Publishing. Used to develop
elegant documents –Examples: •Adobe PageMaker •Quark Press •Corel
Ventura •MS Publisher
Question: What is the difference between java & java script?
Answer: Java is a programming language expressly designed for use in the distributed
environment of the Internet. It was designed to have the "look and feel" of the
C++ language, but it is simpler to use than C++ and enforces an object-oriented
programming model. Java can be used to create complete applications that may
run on a single computer or be distributed among servers and clients in a
network. It can also be used to build a small application module or applet for
use as part of a Web page. Applets make it possible for a Web page user to
interact with the page. JavaScript is an interpreted programming or script
language from Netscape. In general, script languages are easier and faster to
code in than the more structured and compiled languages such as C and C++.
Script languages generally take longer to process than compiled languages, but
are very useful for shorter programs. JavaScript is used in Web site
 development to do such things as: 1) Automatically change a formatted date on
a Web page 2) Cause a linked-to page to appear in a popup window 3) Cause
text or a graphic image to change during a mouse rollover
Question: What is the difference between "Object based Language" and "Object Oriented
Language"?
Answer: Object oriented language supports inheritance, polymorphism etc, while object
based don't. Object based languages use objects having their attributes /
properties which can be modified according to our requirements.
Question: What is the difference b/w "Programming" & "Scripting"?
Answer: Computer programming is a term to develop programs using some
programming language. Computer Programming which makes the site work
called script/programs which for example: call data from databases; make
mailing systems work and control the content of the site.
Question: I could not understand the execution of code in languages.
Answer: A program or software is developed by writing the code using some
programming language, when completed then executed (to perform what is
required) to test / implement that program or software.
Question: What is the meaning of integration testing?
Answer: Integration testing is a logical extension of unit testing. In its simplest form, two
units that have already been tested are combined into a component and the
interface between them is tested. A component, in this sense, refers to an
integrated aggregate of more than one unit. In a realistic scenario, many units
are combined into components, which are in turn aggregated into even larger
parts of the program. The idea is to test combinations of pieces and eventually
expand the process to test your modules with those of other groups.
Question: Why JavaScript variables are dynamically typed?
Answer: Dynamically typed variables can hold any type of data and it could contain data
of different type midway of program. It is simple to develop for short programs.
As your question is concerned, I would like to say that each programming
 language has its own features depending on the requirements of the tasks for
which that particular language is developed.
Question: Explain Band Width.
Answer: Bandwidth has a general meaning of how much information can be carried in a
given tim period (usually a second) over a wired or wireless communications
link. In digital systems, bandwidth is expressed as bits (of data) per second
(bps).
Question: What are protocols? Define these with some examples.
Answer: A set of rules or standards designed to enable computers to connect with one
another and to exchange information with as little error as possible.
Question: Please tell me what is Arguments of function?
Answer: When a function is called by a caller then sometimes it is required to pass some
values to function so that function receive these and process those to perform its
function. When a function is called, the arguments in the call are mapped to the
arguments specified in the function definition on a one-to-one basis
Question: I have some confusion in the server definition.
Answer: server 1) In general, a server is a computer program that provides services to
other computer programs in the same or other computers. 2) The computer that
a server program runs in is also frequently referred to as a server (though it may
contain a number of server and client programs). 3) In the client/server
programming model, a server is a program that awaits and fulfills requests from
client programs in the same or other computers. A given application in a
computer may function as a client with requests for services from other
programs and also as a server of requests from other programs.
Question: What are utilities, device drivers and what are their functions?
Answer: Utilities are small software’s which are used in daily routine of computers for
example Picture viewer, Hard Disk Formatter, Wallpaper Changer etc. Device
Drivers are software’s which are necessary for a device to function properly, for
example, Sound Card drivers etc.
Question: What are CGI and ASP scripts?
Answer: (Common Gateway Interface) -- A set of rules that describe how a Web Server
communicates with another piece of software on the same machine, and how
the other piece of software (the 'CGI program') talks to the web server. Any
piece of software can be a CGI program if it handles input and output according
to the CGI standard. Usually a CGI program is a small program that takes data
from a web server and does something with it, like putting the content of a form
into an e-mail message, or turning the data into a database query. CGI "scripts"
are just scripts which use CGI. ASP is also scripting language to develop
scripts.
Question: What is an "Interpreted" language?
Answer: An interpreted program, sometimes called a script, is a program whose
instructions are actually a logically sequenced series of operating system
commands, handled one at a time by a command interpreter. An interpreted
language supports interpreted programming.
Question: What is the use of SDLC?
Answer: System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is the overall process of developing
information systems through a multi step process from investigation of initial
requirements through analysis, design, implementation and maintenance. There
are many different models and methodologies, but each generally consists of a
series of defined steps or stages.
Question: Explain FTP & SMTP?
Answer: FTP, a client-server protocol which allows a user on one computer to transfer
files to and from another computer over a TCP/IP network. Also the client
program the user executes to transfer files. One of the most useful services of
the Internet is FTP. The Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) delivers mail.
The Distinct SMTP combined with the MIME component allows you to
automate the encoding and sending of e-mail attachments. The SMTP
component provides an interface to the mail delivery service, including the
option of connecting via a firewall proxy server. An application may use SMTP
 to send notification, such as a report detailing logins to a secure system or
information about hits on the company's web site, to a user via e-mail.
Question: What is VPN?
Answer: A virtual private network (VPN) is a way to use a public telecommunication
infrastructure, such as the Internet, to provide remote offices or individual users
with secure access to their organization's network. A virtual private network can
be contrasted with an expensive system of owned or leased lines that can only
be used by one organization. The goal of a VPN is to provide the organization
with the same capabilities, but at a much lower cost. A VPN works by using the
shared public infrastructure while maintaining privacy through security
procedures and tunneling protocols such as the Layer Two Tunneling Protocol
(L2TP). In effect, the protocols, by encrypting data at the sending end and
decrypting it at the receiving end, send the data through a "tunnel" that cannot
be "entered" by data that is not properly encrypted. An additional level of
security involves encrypting not only the data, but also the originating and
receiving network addresses.
Question: What is point 2 point topology?
Answer: The P2P acronym technically stands for "peer-to-peer" computer networking.
Webopedia defines P2P as "A type of network in which each workstation has
equivalent capabilities and responsibilities. This differs from client/server
architectures, in which some computers are dedicated to serving the others. "
Question: What are bitmap graphics and vector graphics and difference between them?
Answer: In Vector Graphics A shape maintains its identity i.e. it doesn't mix in other
shapes. Shapes of Vector Graphics are independent of Resolution. Size of
Vector Graphics files is very small. In bitmap Graphics A shape does not
maintain its identity i.e. it is mixed in other shapes. Shapes of Vector Graphics
are not independent of Resolution i.e. they lose quality on different resolution.
Size of Vector Graphics files is not much small.
Question: What is the use of SDLC?
Answer: System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is the overall process of developing
 information systems through a multi step process from investigation of initial
requirements through analysis, design, implementation and maintenance. There
are many different models and methodologies, but each generally consists of a
series of defined steps or stages.
Question: Explain FTP & SMTP?
Answer: FTP, a client-server protocol which allows a user on one computer to transfer
files to and from another computer over a TCP/IP network. Also the client
program the user executes to transfer files. One of the most useful services of
the Internet is FTP. The Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) delivers mail.
The Distinct SMTP combined with the MIME component allows you to
automate the encoding and sending of e-mail attachments. The SMTP
component provides an interface to the mail delivery service, including the
option of connecting via a firewall proxy server. An application may use SMTP
to send notification, such as a report detailing logins to a secure system or
information about hits on the company's web site, to a user via e-mail.
Question: What is VPN?
Answer: A virtual private network (VPN) is a way to use a public telecommunication
infrastructure, such as the Internet, to provide remote offices or individual users
with secure access to their organization's network. A virtual private network can
be contrasted with an expensive system of owned or leased lines that can only
be used by one organization. The goal of a VPN is to provide the organization
with the same capabilities, but at a much lower cost. A VPN works by using the
shared public infrastructure while maintaining privacy through security
procedures and tunneling protocols such as the Layer Two Tunneling Protocol
(L2TP). In effect, the protocols, by encrypting data at the sending end and
decrypting it at the receiving end, send the data through a "tunnel" that cannot
be "entered" by data that is not properly encrypted. An additional level of
security involves encrypting not only the data, but also the originating and
receiving network addresses.
Question: What is point 2 point topology?
Answer: The P2P acronym technically stands for "peer-to-peer" computer networking.
Webopedia defines P2P as "A type of network in which each workstation has
equivalent capabilities and responsibilities. This differs from client/server
architectures, in which some computers are dedicated to serving the others. "
Question: What are bitmap graphics and vector graphics and difference between them?
Answer: In Vector Graphics A shape maintains its identity i.e. it doesn't mix in other
shapes. Shapes of Vector Graphics are independent of Resolution. Size of
Vector Graphics files is very small. In bitmap Graphics A shape does not
maintain its identity i.e. it is mixed in other shapes. Shapes of Vector Graphics
are not independent of Resolution i.e. they lose quality on different resolution.
Size of Vector Graphics files is not much small.
Question: What is WYSIWYG and WIMP interface?
Answer: A WYSIWYG (pronounced "wiz-ee-wig") editor or program is one that allows
a developer to see what the end result will look like while the interface or
document is being created. WYSIWYG is an acronym for "what you see is
what you get". A WYSIWYG editor can be contrasted with more traditional
editors that require the developer to enter descriptive codes (or markup) and do
not permit an immediate way to see the results of the markup. The first true
WYSIWYG editor was a word processing program called Bravo. Invented by
Charles Simonyi at the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center in the 1970s, it
became the basis for Simonyi's work at Microsoft and evolved into two other
WYSIWYG applications called Word and Excel. The acronym WIMP stands
for Windows, Icons, Menus and Pointing device
Question: What is the difference between "Compiler" and "Interpreter"?
Answer: A compiler is a special program that processes statements written in a particular
programming language (source code) and turns them into machine language or
"code" that a computer's processor uses. Compiler converts the source code into
object code only once. It doesn’t need every time this conversion while
execution. Interpreter does the same thing but it converts the code line by line
each time while executing the program.
Question: What is the purpose of switch statement as we have IF conditional statement.
Answer: If and switch statements are used to perform particular tasks against one or
more conditions. We use switch statement, If the action to be taken of the value
of a single variable (or a single expression). In this case, we normally know the
expected values of variable or expression. We use the ‘if...else’ structure, when
the action depends on the values of multiple variables (or expressions).
Question: What is simple meaning of loop? What is the concept behind the "while" and
"for" loop structures?
Answer: Loop is a sequence of instructions that repeats either a specified number of
times or until a particular condition prevails. We use for loop to repeat a task to
some specified numbers, on the other hand we use while loop, for some
condition
Question: What is the meaning of "thumb rule"?
Answer: Meaning According to a rough and ready rule. Description A rule of thumb is
an easy-to-remember guideline that isn't necessarily a hard-and-fast rule or
scientific formula but it's more than just a dumb guess. For centuries rule of
thumb has been used as an estimated measurement by many craftsmen
including carpenters, brewers, and tailors.