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OVER 50 YEARS OF LEADERSHIP IN ELECTRONICS TRAINING

JUNE 1972 3
VOLUME 1 NUMBER 6 JUNE 1972
WORLDS
Pópularflectronics ELECTRONICS MAGAZINE
INCLUDING
Electronics World
FEATURE ARTICLES
12 LEGAL BOOBY TRAPS IN TAPE RECORDING Marshall Lincoln
The tape recorder is a handy device, but there
are times when you are not allowed to use it.
26 FOUR -CHANNEL SOUND William Cawlfield
What quadraphonic sound? How is it produced?
is
When can you expect to hear it for yourself?
32 MINICOMPUTERS -WHAT THEY ARE

AND WHAT THEY CAN DO David L. Heiserman
Applications for these increasingly popular instruments
35 COLOR TV PROJECTION SYSTEM
40 NEW THERMAL VIEWER HAS CIVILIAN USES
A detector array of lead selenide provides
an image which can be seen on a phosphor screen.
46 KODAK ENTERS VIDEO RECORDER/PLAYER MARKET

47 JOBS FOR LASERS John R. Collins
A roundup of applications for various types.
64 SINGLE SIDEBAND FOR THE CB'ER John T. Frye

How SSB can help the CB'er as it did the ham.
THE SCENES
68 COMMUNICATIONS SCENE Richard Humphrey
Harbor police: communications afloat.
84 TEST EQUIPMENT SCENE Leslie Solomon
Digital instruments: what, why and who.
97 SURPLUS SCENE Alexander W. Burawa
The small -parts market
ZIFF-DAVIS PUBLISHING COMPANY POPULAR ELECTRONICS Including ELECTRONICS WORLD,

Editorial and Executive Offices June 1972, Volume 1, Number 6. Published monthly at
One Park Avenue, New York, New York 10016 One Park Ave., New York, NY 10016. One year subscrip-
212 679-7200 tion rate for U.S., U.S. Possessions and Canada, $6.00; all
other countries, $7.00. Second class postage paid at New
William Ziff, President York, N.Y. and at additional mailing offices. Authorized
W. Bradford Briggs, Executive Vice President as second class mail by the Post Office Department,
Hershel B. Sarbin, Senior Vice President and Secretary Ottawa, Canada and for payment of postage in cash.
Stanley R. Greenfield, Senior Vice President Subscription service and Forms 3579: P.O. Box 1096,
PhilipSine, Financial Vice President and Treasurer Flushing, NY 11352. Editorial offices for manuscript con-
Phillip T. Heffernan, Vice President, Marketing tributions, reader inquiries, etc.: One Park Ave., New York,
Frank Pomerantz, Vice President, Creative Services NY 10016.
Arthur W. Butzow, Vice President, Production
Edward D. Muhlfeld, Vice President, Aviation Division POPULAR ELECTRONICS Including ELECTRONICS WORLD
Irwin Robinson, Vice President, Travel Division is indexed in the Reader's Guide to Periodical Literature.
George Morrissey, Vice President
Sydney H. Rogers, Vice President Copyright © 1972 by ZIFF-DAVIS PUBLISHING COMPANY.
Lawrence Sporn, Circulation Director All rights reserved.
4 POPULAR ELECTRONICS Including Electronics World
'-T
EDGAR W. HOPPER ALEXANDER W. BURAWA JOSEPH E. HALLORAN
Publisher .t.º00etate Editor Advertising Director
WM. A. STOCKLIN ANDRE DUZANT RICHARD J. HALPERN
Editorial Director Technical Illustrator Advertising Manager
MILTON S. SNITZER JUDITH L. HOGAN MADELEINE LITTMAN
Editor Editorial Assistant .1d r:ertis:ng Service .1lanager
LESLIE SOLOMON FOREST H. BELT
Technical Editor JOHN T. FRYE
STANLEY NEUFELD
Associate Publisher
JOHN R. RIGGS DAVID L. HEISERMAN
Managing Editor J. GORDON HOLT FURMAN H. HEBB
EDWARD I. BUXBAUM RICHARD HUMPHREY Group Vice President
Eicctron,cs and Photogrnphie
Art Director Contributing Editors
CONSTRUCTION STORIES
41 BUILD A VERSATILE
SEMICONDUCTOR CURVE TRACER John Keith
Indispensable for checking or matching devices.
51 VEHICLE ALARM SYSTEM Frank J. DiElsi

Uses no key and is easy to install.
58 BUILD A DISTORTIONLESS PREAMPLIFIER James Bongioino
Perfect component for four -channel sound.
83 TV SIGNAL SPLITTER C. R. Lewart

When you use more than one set.
PRODUCT TEST REPORTS
76 TELEX MODEL CS-7 COMMUNICATIONS HEADPHONES
77 AUDIOTEX MODEL 30-5104 SPEAKER SYSTEM
78 TRIPLETT MODEL 990 MAINTENANCE IN A CASE
80 LEADER INSTRUMENTS TV FIELD STRENGTH METER
81 MURA THERMY TEMPERATURE PROBE
82 KURZ-KASCH AUTO -PROBE
DEPARTMENTS
6 EDITORIAL Milton S. Snitzer
Engineering enrollments down sharply
8 LETTERS
23 NEWS HIGHLIGHTS
88 NEW LITERATURE
89 ELECTRONICS LIBRARY
94 NEW PRODUCTS
READER SERVICE CARD ON BACK COVER
Midwestern Office Ziff -Davis also publishes Boating, Car and Driver, Cycle,
The Pattis Group, 4761 West Touhy Ave., Flying, Modern Bride, Popular Photography, Skiing, and
Lincolnwood, Illinois 60644, 312 679-1100 Stereo Review.
GERALD E. WOLFE, DICK POWELL
DICK GOVATSKI, MANLEY LUDWIG
Forms 3579 and all subscription correspondence should be
Western Office addressed to POPULAR ELECTRONICS Including ELEC.
9025 Wilshire Boulevard, Beverly Hills, California 90211 TRONICS WORLD, Circulation Department, P.O. Box 1096,
213 273-8050; BRadshaw 2-1161 Flushing, NY 11352, Please allow at least eight weeks for
Western Advertising Manager, BUD DEAN
change of address. Include your old address, as well as
Japan: James Yagi new-enclosing, if possible, an address label from a
Oil Palace Aoyama; 6-25, Minami Aoyama recent issue.
6 Chome, Minato-Ku, Tokyo 407.1930/6821
Editorial contributions must be accompanied by return
147 postage and will be handled with reasonable care; how-
ever, publisher assumes no responsibility for return or
%ó Member Audit Bureau
of Circulations safety of art work, photographs or manuscripts.
5
JUNE 1972
= -- - Editorial
By Milton S. Snitzer, Editor
ENGINEERING ENROLLMENTS DOWN SHARPLY
Because of a substantial dropoff in enrollments last fall, there are

26,000 fewer engineering students now than there were a year ago.
This figure is from a study just completed by the Engineering Manpower
Commission of the Engineers Joint Council. The survey covered almost
300 institutions offering bachelor's or higher degrees in the various
engineering fields.
The decline hit all levels from beginning freshmen to doctoral
candidates. Half the total drop occurred in the freshman class, which
was 18 percent smaller in 1971 than in 1970, and 25 percent smaller
than in 1967. The sophomore class was also hit, with a decrease of 10
percent. Junior and senior enrollments were lower by about 2 percent.
The reason for the dropoff is obvious. Primarily it is due to a fear of
not being able to get a job when the training is completed. There have
been a large number of layoffs in the engineering field so that it is no
longer as glamorous as it used to be.
With all the talk these days about conserving our natural resources,
it seems to us that the figures given above indicate a serious goss to
all of us-a loss in technical manpower. Some will say that the overall
effect is a good one since now only those who are seriously interested
in engineering will be the ones to choose this as their profession. No
longer will students go into engineering simply because it is the thing to
do.
Despite the reduced levels of engineering recruiting and hiring in
1970 and 1971, new engineers generally fared 'better than graduates
in most other disciplines, according to Dr. Robert J. Raudebaugh,
President of Engineers Joint Council. Also, long-range projections by
the U.S. Department of Labor continue to show a need for large
numbers of engineers in the next decade.
We seem to be perpetually on a swinging pendulum of supply and
demand. In the last year or two, the supply in certain areas has
exceeded the demand, but now we see signs of an equalization.
Perhaps in the near future the demand will again exceed the supply.
The difference in the rates is what really hurts one side or the other.
In any case, it is saè to predict that the supply of engineers will
start to drop while the demand in new areas for them increases. We
seem to be more and more a country that is service -oriented as well as
product -oriented. This bodes well for technical people who will be required
to serve these areas.

Put More "GO POWER" into Your Electronics Career
@rantryam 13tfjool of engineering
r from TECHNICIAN to w. rantrtrm ..
John Toe
&xfl1
tin nearer of
Kisacutr in Sonar in @trttronina einainttrina
ki51 r.dr....a9.2(-.. [/a.....L..crL.
by studying at home with

GRANTHAM SCHOOL OF
ENGINEERING Earn an Associate Degree
in Electronic:s Engineering
"the college that comes to you"
The GRANTHAM educational program in ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING is designed to
upgrade electronics technicians to the engineering level, mostly by home study.
While you continue your present employment, What's in Your Future-
you can really learn electronics engineering and The Same Old Job, or Success in Electronics?
earn an ACCREDITED DEGREE. Where will you be five years from today? Are you
GRANTHAM's strong -foundation corre- headed for real advancement in electronics, or in
spondence program in electronics engineering a rut? The experience ycu have is valuable; it
-
leads to non -obsolescent skills to skills based gives you a head start toward a better future. But
-
on reasoning and leads to the DEGREE of to get ahead and stay ahead, experience must be
Associate in Science in Electronics Engineering supplemented with more education in electronics
(the ASEE Degree). Completion of this program and such allied subjects as mathematics, physics,
will prepare you for positions normally filled by computers, and engineering design.
college -graduate engineers, and for many other
electronics careers open to men with the proper Accreditation and G.I. Bill Approval
training. Grantham School of Engineering is accredited
This accredited degree program for experi- by the Accrediting Commission of the National
enced technicians consists of four correspond- Home Study. is approved under the G.I. Bill, and
ence courses of 100 lessons each an overall - is authorized under the laws of the State of Cali-
total of 400 lessons-followed by a two-week fornia to grant academic degrees.
graduation seminar held at the School. Upon
completion of the four correspondence courses, For complete details, mail postcard or coupon.
you are awarded a diploma in Electronics Engi- 1
Grantham School .of Engineering 7'i:-6-72

neering. Then, upon completion of the two-week 1505 N. Western Ave., Hollywood, Calif. 90027
graduation seminar, you are awarded the ASEE Please send me your free Bulletin which explains how
Degree. the Grantham educational program can prepare me for
a degree in electronics.
E am a beginner in electronics.
I
I have a little experience with electronic equipment.

Grantham School of Engineering I am an experienced electronics technician.
Q,.. Established in 1951

Name
1505 N. Western Ave.
'G NHSC O
a Hollywood, Calif. 90027 Address
c
+oe
l
s.roQ.`
'
-
Telephone:
(213) 469-7878 City State Zip
JUNE 1972 7
the EL SOCKET
,fie ':
s t
.' " w .
s
Po fM
Letters ,
OUR ETCHING AND DRILLING GUIDES
I don't know why you run etching and drill-
Test new circuit ideas... ing guides with the construction projects you
publish. I don't think anyone really uses them.
I.C. circuits... Since you usually give sources for the printed
circuit boards in your construction articles, why
bother with the guides?
discreet components... M.ARVIN JONES
Topeka, Kan.
at no risk! We would like to hear from readers as to
how many of you use the etching and drilling
Money back guarantee! guides we print and what your feelings aré
on the use of such patterns in our projects.
HOSPITAL SAFETY COMMENTS

CHALLENGED
$1 For a short article on hospital electrical

equipment, "Medical Electronic Equipment And
All you need are #4 mounting screws just ... Hospital Safety" ( Jan. 1972) was quite good.
plug-in components ...
like I/a watt resistors, However, a definition of leakage current would
have been helpful to readers. Many people still
ceramic capacitors, diodes, I.C.s, transistors
do not understand that leakage current is still
and more ... and your circuit's built! No spe-
current and must obey Ohm's law.
cial patch cords needed! Components inter- My second comment concerns the last two
connected with any solid No. 22-26 gauge wire. paragraphs in the article. I don't know where
you got your information or which hospital you
And you can try it with absolutely no risk for visited, but the situation is nowhere near what
5 days. If not satisfied, just return your EL you describe. Most hospitals have few, if any,
Socket and receive a full refund. Trying is technical personnel on their staffs. They pro-
believing. How can you go wrong? Order your vide only rudimentary in-service edr cation on
EL Socket now! medical electronics and its proper use. I sup-
Nickel/silver plated terminals

resistance
- very low contact
pose you conclude optimistically to give the
reader some sense of security. I would only
say that we are far from the blissful picture
Low insertion force you paint.
BURTON R. KLEIN
Mounts with #4 screws Director, \ledical Electronics Dept.
Initial contact characteristics beyond 10,000 Tufts -New England Medical Center
insertions Boston, Mass.
Vertical, horizontal interconnecting matrices
Accommodates wide range of wire and Forgive an oceresarherant editor who was re-
component leads from .015"-.032" sponsible for the last two paragraphs. t/ow-
.
ever, while our picture may have been a bit
Send check or M.O. today! too blissful, the picture you paint appears a
bit too dark.
EL INSTRUMENTS, INC
t 61 First St., Derby, Conn. 06418 THEY DON'T MAKE 'EM LIKE THEY USE TO
1 Telephone: 203/735-8774
Recently, while cleaning out my basement,
CIRCLE NO. 18 ON READER SERVICE CARD I came across an old Gilfillan radio of 1934

vintage. Of course, I had to plug it in to see if find was the control box for the C-1 autopilot,
it still worked. Its performance was magnifi- encrusted with switches, pots, and jeweled pilot
cent! At night, with only a couple of feet of lights. Cortland Street and environs ( Radio
wire, it pulled in BCB from all over the coun- Row to the initiate) was much more sophisti-
try-spaced only 10 kl-lz apart no less. Its cated with such nearby sum -plus titans as G&(:,
175 -kHz i -f apparently was responsible for the Leotone. TAB, \'orth Radio, Edlie, Newark,
receiver's excellent selectivity, and the toned and others-all now vanished into oblivion to
circuit ahead of the converter stage kept image make way for the World Trade Center towers.
response to a minimum. Their display windows, containing neatly li-
This leaves one obvious question: Why don't beled signs, were enough to tempt any elec-
the radio manufacturers build receivers like tronics enthusiast as well as to accomplish in-
this nowadays? \Vith the exception of the ex- stant bankruptcy.
pensive German -made all -hand receivers, there Nosy, that unique area is vanished. I still get
is apparently no A\I radio offered with the Edlie catalogs, but from the sterile isolation of
performance of my 19:38 Gilfillan. Answer distant Levittown on Long Island. If there are
please? still any of the "old gang" around, I would like
MONTY BANCROFT to know about them.
Sun Valley, Calif. FREDERICK \V. CHESSON
Waterbury, Conn.
That's a question you will have to ask the
manufacturers. Right now, they are sinking all CLEARANCE SALE
their efforts into the Fill medium which tradi-
I ato offering for sale a complete set of
tionally is less prone to interference and offers
POPULAR ELECTI10NICs from 1954 through 1971
better. fidelity as a result of its wider bandwidth.
for $110. Every issue is in mint condition, all
have covers, and none has torn pages. At 8 110
THE NOSTALGIA CORNER
postpaid, that comes to less than 50c per issue.
Your new Surplus Scene column reawakens JOSEPH \VECNER, In.
memories of my first visits to the New York P.O. Box 262
surplus scene back in 1947. I recall that, by Glendale, CA 91209
category, Canal Street was "junky," but it was
well worth a visit to prowl around ceiling-high Interested readers please write directly to
stacks of 13C -375's and dynamotors. One great Mr. Wegner.
The Kleen Machine.

1
+.,.V- ..4 o M e
Records and dust.

If you enjoy one, must you suffer the other?
Not with the new Bib Groov-Kleen.
Groov-Kleen is the most effective method yet de- -
vised for removing the dust and dirt that accumulate

on, record surfaces.
Simple to use and install, Groov-Kléen reduces
record' and stylus wear and improves reproduction
without the use of any groove fouling liquids.
Handsomely crafted in chrome and aluminum with
black accents, Groov-Kleen has a built-in arm rest
and an adjustable counterweight to reduce drag and
minimize speed variations.
Available directly or from your -nearest dealer:
.
Only $7.50..
Revox Corporatipn 155 Michael Drive, Syosset, N.Y. 11791
CIRCLE NO. 34 ON READER SERVICE CARD
JUNE 1972 9
,MOD-K/T A New Advaiwe é
The MOD -KIT series kits described were designed for

both the beginning and advanced hobbyist. The building
block approach allows each module to be used again and
again in many different applications. MOD -KITS are easy
to assemble, electrically compatible as a group, and con-
tain the features most often needed by the experimenter.
Connectors are provided so that you never need to solder

input/output wiring to the PC boards. Sockets are in-
cluded for the integrated circuits and display to prevent
accidental soldering damage. The simplified construction
information, "hidden" added features, and industrial
grade components all contribute to the wide acceptance
and popularity enjoyed by the MOD -KIT series.
6'
#.1
\FLt We have invested a large amount of time and money to

the production of each kit for a very selfish reason: we
want you to buy another one.
Crystal Frequency
Standard
rhis versatile frequency standard kit has a buffered master
crystal oscillator and 9 simultaneous output frequencies
which span 0.1 Hz to 10 MHz. All retain the .0025% stability
of the oscillator. Oscillator has zero -beat control and requires
a 5 V supp:y. Outputs are TTL compatible. Module meas-
ures 2" x 3.5". G -I0 board. Crystal included.
CRO-ID 521.95
Digital Power Supply

A virtually indestructable power supply for 7TL, RTL, and
DTL logic. Output variable from 3.3 to 5 V at 2.2 amps.
Basic 6 amp regulator "loafs" at rated output. Automatic
short circuit and overload protection. Monolithic regulator
has l% regulation and 10 mV ripple. Requires only a trans-
former. All components shown included. G-10 board is
3" x 3S".
DI'S-2A 510.95
"FR -500 Transformer 5.95
BCD Display Counter

World's smallest 5 decade counter/display. Counts to
1,000,000 with LED display. Requires only 5 V and any
number may be cascaded. Teaches BCD counting and display.
Bought by experimenters and schools throughout U.S.
Measures only 2" x 3.5" x 0.5" high. Modern TTL circuitry
and 100 year life LED displays.
MOD -1 518.95

in Electronic- Kits
j
lo
MOD-K/T.... :..
:
LED Counter/Display
Modu les
subminiature counter display
These modules have a decade
counter, latch, 7 -segment decoder and LED display. All
functions brought out to contact fingers ;v hie!) fit standard
18 pin PC connector. PC board measures 1.25" x 3".
Modules mount on 0.5" ctrs. and any number may be cas-
caded. 5 V operation.
LR-I 10 20 MHz S15.95

LR-1 l0H 70 N11-Iz 16.95
LR-IIOUD . . . . Up/Down 18.95
PCC-18 connector .95
Counter/Display Driver
Modules
The NR -3 series universal decade counter/display drivers are
compatible with nearly all 7 -segment displays which require
up to 15 V and 40 mA per segment. Modules are I" x 3.5".
Units may be cascaded. G-10 boards supplied with sockets
for "Numi:ron" displays. Other models available, see 1972
catalog. Supplied less display.
NR -3 20 \IHz S 8.95
NR -311 70 \Illz 9.95
NR-3UD Up/Dotin 10.95
Analog Power Supply

This analog supply will power even complex op -amp circuits.
Tracking dual -polarity outputs are continuously variable from
0 to + 15 V. Built-in current limiting may set at 25 to 200
mA per output. Regulation is better than 0.1% and ripple
less than 3 mV. Components conservatively rated for long
life. Requires only a transformer.
APS-5A S 13.95
TR-200 Transformer 2.95
Write for Free 1972 Catalog

Linear & Digital IC's
State-of-the-art LSI chips Diodes & Transistors
Memory devices. Light emitting diodes
Connectors & Switches Liquid crystal displays
epd Environmental Products

SOX 406 Lafayette, IN 47902 M:317 -743.1a93
JUNE 1972
11
Legal Booby Traps
"Tape BY MARSHALL LINCOLN
Recordin'
tape recorder has given the world a ment with the telephone company! Another
THE
handy, portable, and accurate secretar- little known fact that may add to your as-
ial service for both business and pleasure. tonishment is that the ruling does not apply
Its versatility and usefulness, however, have to radio and TV broadcasters who are per-
given rise to a number of legal and ethical mitted to ignore the rule which applies to
questions which ultimately influence how, everyone else. This startling contradictory
where, and when it can be used. situation has its roots in a series of meetings
Questions facing tape recorder owners in- held a few years ago between the Bell Tele-
clude such gems as: May we use our re- phone System and FCC officials. The meet-
cordins for anything we wish without limi- ings resulted in the drawing up of FCC
tations?To what other electronic equipment Public Notice 60591, FCC Docket 6787,
may we connect our recorders without caus- AT&T Tariff 263, and later, FCC Docket
ing the law to look our way? Are there any 18601. They state that a private citizen may
special limitations placed on private citizens record his own telephone calls only if his
in the manner in which we use our re- phone is connected to his recorder via a
corders (limitations w rich do not apply to "coupling arrangement" containing a beep-
certain privileged groups) ? er rented from and installed by none other
For those of us who own them, tape re- than Ma Bell. (The beeper generates an
corders have become part of our everyday audio tone every 15 seconds or so to alert
lives; so, it is easy to overlook the fact that anyone on the line to the fact that the con-
their use can create legal pitfalls. Some of versation is being taped.) In return for
these pitfalls may seem trivial at times, but satisfying this requirement, you must (of
it is good policy for each of us to be aware course) pay the company a monthly service
of circumstances which can bring the un- charge for use of the coupling arrange-
wary under the scrutiny of the law. ment.
A much simpler and superior way to
Recording Phone Conversations. Let us record phone conversations is with an in-
take the case of a tape recorder being used ductive coupler or telephone pickup coil,
as an "automatic notebook" for taking ac- a low-cost item which can be purchased
curate notes of lectures, interviews, business from any radio or tape recorder dealer.
calls, etc. When you are talking face to face Inductive pickups have the advantage that
with someone and openly using a tape re - they do not create interference on the tele-
recorder, there can be little doubt that the phone line since no physical connection is
conversation is being taped. But in the made to the phone wires. But when tele-
absence of face-to-face confrontation, as in phone recording methods were being con-
the case of a telephone conversation, are sidered by the FCC, Bell Telephone was
you free to record? Many tape recorder
' categorically opposed to inductive pick-ups
owners will be shocked to learn that they (which they could not control) while the
are not free to arbitrarily record telephone FCC had no objections to their use.
conversations. The FCC pointed out that inductive cou-
The Federal Communications Commis- plers would eliminate any need for recorder
sion's rules state that you cannot record salesmen to make special arrangements
phone conversations without prior arrange - with the phone company whenever they
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wished to demonstrate their equipment. The
Johnson telephone company took the position that
the opposition to the inductive pick-up was
based on the fact that it wanted to insure
puf it the privacy of its customers' calls. It in-
sisted that some sort of signal must be put
on the line to warn everyone that the call
all together was being taped and made the claim that
an inductive pick-up could not be used to
do this (in fact, it can). The FCC finally
yielded to the phone company's arguments.
E low band and high band chan- The record of the FCC proceedings
nels in any combination O base shows no trace of any consideration's being
and mobile operation with built- given to a simple requirement that a person
in power supply O auto -scan with making a recording must tell the party on
the line that he is taping for purposes of
push-button "lock out" plus man- accuracy or other legitimate reason.
ual "lock in" \lore discrimination vas on the way. In
a later ruling, the FCC agreed to allow
broadcasting stations, but no one else, to
dispense with beepers. Broadcasters merely
Duo.ScanTµ have to state that the call may be recorded
or broadcast. At times, they do not even
have to do that.
There is another wrinkle to Ma Bell's
$16995 story: Beepers are not used on those re-
corders she rents to her customers. These
recorders automatically answer business
calls during hours when an office is closed,
recording messages from the caller. The
phone company contends that no beepers
are needed because its "tariffs" specify them
,-J only for recording two-way telephone con-
versations. Actually, the FCC rule applies
to all parties (with the broadcaster excep-
tion)
.
Once upon a time, broadcasters were re-

quired to use beepers because they were
Eight VHF FM channels, in any combination not permitted to connect their telephones
of high and/or low band, keep you on top to their transmitters. When FCC rules were
of all the action. Operates mobile or base amended to permit broadcasters to connect
with performance features previously regular phone calls into their transmitters
found only in professional public safety (a fringe benefit of the Carterfone Case of
radio equipment. Two ceramic filters give a few years ago), it meant that stations
unsurpassed adjacent channel rejection. might .not actually record calls before
Integrated circuit symmetrical limiting broadcasting them. So, they did not use a
beeper because the rule specifically applied
makes it really quiet. 0.4 µV sensitivity lets
to recordings made from telephone lines.
you hear what others miss. Powerful tran- The new FCC rule on this matter states
sistor audio produces clear, undistorted that broadcasters may either record for
sound. The new Duo -Scan puts it all broadcast or to directly broadcast telephone
together, for just $169.95 (less crystals). conversations with the only warning being
a simple announcement at the beginning
that the conversation may be taped or
broadcast. In some cases, such as when the
E.F.JOHNSON COMPANY caller dials an "open -mike" number, the
WAS E CA, MINNESOTA 36093 broadcasters are not even required to make
O
CIRCLE NO. 24 ON READER SERVICE CARD the :,nl,,,uncement. The FCC reasons that
In 1968
almost every stereo enthusiast knew:
1
You couldn't reproduce bass notes through small speakers.
2
All the sound should come from the front of the speaker and
none should be directed rearward toward the wall.
3
A speaker should never have associated electronics such as
an active equalizer.
4
All good speakers should have crossovers, woofers and
tweeters.
5
All speakers should be designed to give flat frequency
response on axis.
By 1972 almost every stereo enthusiast

has heard the BOSE 901.
A speaker which violates every one of the concepts above.
Born out of 12 years of university research,* the 901 has
become the most highly reviewed speaker, regardless of
size or price.
Today we have a theoretical basis that explains why these
concepts limit the performance of conventional speakers.
But no theory can tell you how much better a new design will
sound. To appreciate this, ask your dealer for an A -B
comparison of the BOSE 901 with the largest and most
expensive speakers he carries.
*For those interested in the 12 years of research . a

that led to the design of the 901, copies of
the Audio Engineering Society paper "ON THE
DESIGN, MEASUREMENT AND EVALUATION ' -
OF LOUDSPEAKERS," by Dr. A. G. Bose,

are available from BOSE Corporation for S
fifty cents. I
Covered by U.S.
and foreign
patents Issued
and pending.
You can hear the difference now.
Natick, Mass. 01760

JUNE 1972
15
it may be assumed the public will know one they see carrying a tape recorder into
their voices may be recorded or broadcast a live performance is understandable.
because they dialed the number. They are protecting their interests and the
This convenience has bee a a great boon interests of the performers. Hard to
to broadcasters since they can dispense with understand, however, are the union rules
the beep tone which they nuiv consider an- which forbid any recordings to be made
noying on the air. IIo«ever, the FCC has unless a whole gang of union electricians
not allowed individual citizens the same is on hand (always assuming, of course,
convenience of simply stating at the start that you have received permission to make
of a call that it will be taped for their own recordings). These rules are in union con-
use. tracts; so, there is nothing a theate
manager can do about the situation.
Recording from a Receiver. You can When you plan to take a recorder to a
record anythi ag you wish from a radio live performance, remember that you are
or TV receiver tuned to any frequency treading on dangerous ground. If you are
in the spectrum without first having to caught with a recorder at a performance,
obtain permission from anyone. However, chances are good that you will be hustled
the nature of the transmission taped de- out the nearest exit. It would be better
termines how you may use y our recordings. (and safer) to check with the theater
Any radio or TV public information or manager before walking in with a tape
entertainment broadcast is public domain recorder. If you are convincing in the
and can be recorded and played hack telling of why you want the recording,
for anyone wbo wishes to hear it. But there is always the remote possibility that
if you record from a commercial channel permission will be granted-but don't
(police, fire, aircraft, mobile telephone, count on it. O
etc.), you are forbidden under the FCC's
"Secrecy of Communications" regulation
from playing the recording for anyone OLYMPICS COMMUNICATIONS
else. Furthermore, you are enjoined from
even repeating the contents of any trans-
mission heard.
Recording Live Performances. At live

performances-especially concerts given by
well-known performers-you can run into
a whole series of prohibitions designed to
prevent you from using your recorder. For
one thing, musical and vocal performers
nowadays are plagued by bootleg record
companies which secretly tape perfor-
mances and sell record copies to an
unsuspecting public. The performers, need-
less to say, receive no compensation what-
ever from the bootleggers. (Some shady
bootleggers get in as members of the
audience with a small battery-powered
.
..
recorder hidden on their persons. They use w
the recorders to make their "master tapes." a "---
The quality of the recordings possible from
these small tape recorders may not be first
class, but it is passable for hard rock and
Almost 300 meters high, this tower
other loud music. Too, if the buyer has at Munich Olympics grounds will serve
never heard a live performance by a given as a symbol of the Games as well as
performer or group, he has no real way of a radio and TV link to the rest of
determining whether or not the selection the world. Siemens is providing many
was bootlegged.) new communications lines including a
The hard-nosed attitudes of performers' relay to the satellite earth station.
agents and theater managers toward any-
forAMfo, FMto,T I/o,CATV
P
- thé world's ...the 54 series
mosi- po/3ufáf from Telequipment
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oscil.+osc-epey FET INPUTS 1
ig VERSATILE TRIGGERING . SOLID STATE j

On your bench, in the field, or built into your system, if you
require a 10 -MHz oscilloscope, look no further. One of the 54
Series from Telequipment is designed to meet your needs.
4
Telequipment products are marketed and supported in the
U.S. through the TEKTRONIX network of 56 Field Offices and
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U.S. Sales Prices FOB Beaverton, Oregon
SingleTrace-'yF'S54A-$4
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JUNE 1972
17
10 Reasons why
RCA Home Training is
your best
investment
for a rewarding
career
in electronics:
Performing transistor experiments

on programmed breadboard - using
Oscilloscope

LEADER IN ELECTRONICS SPECIALIZED ADVANCED tution under the Federally Insured Stu-
1 TRAINING 5 TRAINING dent Loan Program.
When you think of electronics, you im- For those already working in electronics
mediately think of RCA ...a name that or with previous training, RCA Insti- RCP. INSTITUTES IS FULLY
stands for dependability, integrity, and tutes offers advanced courses. You can 10 ACCREDITED
pioneering scientific advances. For over start on a higher level without wasting RCA Institutes is an accredited member
half a century, RCA Institutes, Inc., a time on work you already know of the National Home Study Council.
subsidiary of RCA, has been a leader in Licensed by N.Y. State-courses of study
technical training. PERSONAL SUPERVISION
RCA AUTOTEXT TEACHES

6 THROUGHOUT
and instructional facilities are approved
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All during your program of home study,
2 ELECTRONICS FASTER, EASIER,
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your training is supervised by RCA In-
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Beginner or refresher, AUTOTEXT, involved in your efforts and help you
RCA Institutes' own method of pro- over any"rough spots" that may develop. UNDER NEW GI BILL
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Take RCA's Communications Career
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Start today on the electronics career of
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Construction of Multimeter. Temperature -experiment with transistors.
Gt
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Construction of Oscilloscope.
JUNE 1972 21
Introdncing
the expensive digital
multimeter that
doesn't cost a lot.
The B&K Precision Model 281. A solid-state, lab -quality portable instrument
that measures AC/DC voltage, current and resistance.
The state-of-the-art Model 281 shows readings on a large, clear,
21/2 -digit numeric display. It also has positive over -range and reverse -
polarity indication. There's no need to switch leads. You can reverse polarity
at the flick of a switch.
Model 281 readings are faster and more accurate than analog -type
meters. Unlike hard -to -see needle indicators, you can read the large,
illuminated numerals-including the decimal point-from a distance.
Featured are 26 ranges: five DC voltage, 100mV to 1000V, with 1%
-accuracy and 10 megohms input impedance; five AC voltage, 100mV to 1000V
RMS, five DC current, 100mA to 1A; five AC current, 100mA to 1A; and six
resistance, 10 ohms to 10 megohms.
With built-in protection, the 281 can't be harmed by overload. And for
safety's sake, it has a three -line AC grounded cord.
Everything about the 281 says expensive-except the pirce.
Call your B&K distributor.
Or write Dynascan Corporation.
Very good equipment

at a very good price.
16995
: ta glejOrnirt,
-DC lV-1
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Product of Cynascan Corporation, 1801 West Belle Plaine Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60613

News Highlights
New Marine Anti -Collision Radar
A new fully automated radar data plotter has been installed on
the Norwegian NI/S Island Venture. The new equipment-called
Digiplot by its developer, Iotron Corp.-graphically displays present
and future positions of radar echoes potentially threatening a ship.
Using a 16 -in. cathode ray tube, the system is contained within a waist -
high console installed alongside the ship's conventional radar. The
course and speed of any target selected by the operator is displayed
in digital form.
Columbia SQ 4 -Channel System Adds More Licensees

A growing number of firms are coming out with products using the
Columbia SQ matrix system for obtaining 4 -channel sound from phono
records. Kenwood Electronics is one of the most recent licensees to
introduce such 4 -channel equipment. In addition to Kellwood, other
audio equipment manufacturers who have become licensees include:
Sony, Sherwood, I-Iarman-Kardon, Masterwork, Lafayette Radio, Radio
Shack, NIetrotec, and Instruteck Corp.
Students' Proposals for Skylab

Proposals for space experiments and demonstrations have been sub-
mitted by 3409 U.S. secondary school students for flight consideration
aboard the Skylab manned space laboratory scheduled for launching
next April. Called the Skylab Student Project, the program is de-
signed to stimulate interest in science and technology by directly
involving students in space research. A limited number of student
proposals from the 25 national finalists will be chosen for flight by
NASA.
New Compact Satellite Navigation Receivers for the Navy

The Navy has ordered from Magnavox 32 sets to be used on special
purpose surface ships. The receivers will be used with the Navy Sat-
ellite Navigation System, better known as Transit. The system consists
of several navigation satellites in circular polar orbit about 600 miles
above the eart along with a network of ground stations which
predict and record the satellites' constantly changing orbits. Due to the
large size and great cost of the receiving equipment, the primary users
until recently have been Polaris subs and a few surface ships. The
new receivers and computers are two feet square and weigh only a
few hundred pounds compared with the thousand pounds for the
previous receiving gear.
Satellite Earth Stations in Red China

A satellite communications earth station supplied to the Peoples'
Republic of China by RCA Global Communications went into com-
mercial operation recently to handle TV and other communications
services behveen China and the U.S. The station, installed near
Shanghai in only 30 days, provided live TV coverage of President
JUNE 1972 23
Nixon's visit there. The station is operating with the new Intelsat IV
satellite located above the Pacific and links Shanghai with the James -
burg, Calif. earth station. Another earth station, installed by Western
Union International, is located in Peking. This station has been work-
ing flawlessly to provide the same type of coverage. Other ground
station news is the recent signing of a contract between ITT and
the Greek Postal, Telephone and Telegraph Administration for a
second earth station in Greece. The first ground station works with
the Atlantic Ocean satellite while the second one will work with the
Indian Ocean satellite.
TV Audio is Seen by the Deaf

Millions of TV viewers were unaware that subtitles were shown
along with the pictures in a recent ABC network show. Scores of
deaf students at Gallaudet College in Washington, D.C. were reading
the dialog as they watched the show. The event showed how captions
could be transmitted without disturbing the picture in any way. The
system, called TV Time, devised at the National Bureau of Standards,
sends the caption in electronic code on the bottom line of the TV
screen which can be translated into visual messages on the picture of
specially adapted receivers.
Computer Diagnosed Electrocardiograms

Hospitals may now have electrocardiograms completely diagnosed by
computer in as little as two minutes through a new emergency service
being offered by Cro-Med Bionics Corp. The system uses a computer
to provide a detailed EKG diagnosis which can be used by any
physician. At the same time that a hard -copy tracing of the patient's
EKG is taken, the impulses are recorded on magnetic tape and trans-
mitted by telephone to the company's computer center in New York.
The diagnosis is then sent back to the hospital by telephone or
teletypewriter.
Facsimile Via Phone Lines

A facsimile system that reduces the cost of transmitting newspaper
and magazine pages to distant printing plants by as much as 80
per cent has been introduced by Litton Industries Datalog division.
By compressing words and pictures on a printed page into digital
pulse groups, the new system allows high-speed transmission of repro-
duction quality facsimile over low-cost telephone lines. Currently, full -
page newspaper and magazine facsimiles are transmitted over expensive
wide -band communication channels. Bandwidth required for the new
system in about 3 kHz compared to the 48 kllz required for wide -
band transmission.
Electronics for Law Enforcement
A new two-way radio system that automatically reports a patrol
car's status has been installed by the Jefferson Parish, Louisiana,
Sheriff's office. Radio interrogation of the vehicle produces an in-
stantanous response showing the vehicle's identity and its status.
The system substitutes number codes for a variety of routine radio
messages now relayed by voice. In addition to exchanging digital and
voice messages, the new system, developed by RCA, can be used by the
radio dispatcher to blow the horn of the patrol car when the officer
is out of the vehicle. In a related development, an RCA computer
has been credited by Camden, N.J. police authorities with increasing
criminal arrests by 10 percent.
It's old enough to vote.
You haven't seen one like it since 1954.
Now you've got to o?- »I
service it. Á
fs
No sweat. PHOTOFACT$ gives you complete serv- The cost? A bargain either way. Photofact-of-the-
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Sams Photofact is the most comprehensive Radio/ And if you need a Photofact on Rip Van Winkle,
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supplies complete service information on over 1. Ask your Sams Distributor, or ...
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standard notation schematics, replacement parts with the 6 current Photofact Sets, plus the Photofact
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JUNE 1972 25
N order to understand 4 -channel sound,
we must first understand what "high
fidelity" means. According to Webster, it
means "the reproduction of sound with a
high degree of faithfulness to the original."
For decades, this re-creation of a live concert
perfomauce in your home has been the goal
Four-
of the audio industry. The whole chain of
hardware-from the microphones which re-
corded the sound to the speakers that re-
produced this sound in your living room-
Channel
Sound
has been improved to the point where there
is practically no difference in the live and
recorded sound. But, do we now have true
"high fidelity?" Not yet. The audio industry
had actually arrived at this point, using a
single channel of sound (monophonic), back
in the late 1950's. What, How, and
Fig. 1 is a simplified illustration of how
an orchestra was recorded. Sometimes
multiple microphones were used in a ses- When?
sion, but they were mixed down to a single
signal which eventually made its way into chestra was now beginning to sound like
the listening environment of your home. its live counterpart.
But, there was still something missing However, one still slid not have the illusion
from the concert-hall environment. Stereo of "being there." The problem lay in the
was developed in the late fifties and in- strange world of psycho -acoustics. This per-
creased the "concert-hall" feeling consider- tains to how our ears and brain interpret
ably. As Fig. 2 shows, an orchestra was sound. In a concert hall, we are immersed in
no longer beamed to the listener from a the sound coming from all directions: the
single point but was dispersed across a direct sound from the orchestra on stage;
line stretching between two speakers in a the reflected sound bouncing off the side
virtual curtain of sound. The orchestra walls, the ceiling, and the rear wall; and
now had breadth. The violins seemed to the sounds of the audience clapping, talking,
come from the left side, the percussion coughing, or moving in their seats. All of
from the middle, and the brass from the these sounds are present in the hall during a
right-or however the conductor actually live concert.
arranged his musicians. The recorded or- Acoustic engineers have always been con -
Fig. 1. Basic operation of single -channel (monophonic) recording and playback system.

Some people say, "Give me an excellent
stereo rather than a good 4 -channel system
A STATUS REPORT ON any day." The same thing was being said
about stereo a decade ago: "Give me excel-
lent mono rather than good stereo." These
QUADRAPHONIC SOUND- statements can sometimes be traced to an
individual's concern oN er the "nuts and
TELLING WHAT IT IS, bolts" of his equipment rather than the
total sound field generated by his system.
HOW IT IS PRODUCED, They can also be traced to a reluctance to
change.
AND WHEN YOU CAN The entire electronics industry is a dy-
namic one because of change; and each
EXPECT TO HEAR IT change has improved the overall enjoyment
for the consumer. From radio to television,
from black -and -white television to color TV,
from tubes to transistors, from wire to
-
BY WILLIAM CAWLFIELD
magnetic tape-each step has caused some
Ampex Corporation problems, but they were easily overcome.
The advent of 4-channel does not mean
that 2 -channel sound is obsolete any more
than color killed black -and -white television.
cerned with the "liveness" or "ambiance" Price and convenience will still make 2 -
of a particular hall. You may not be aware channel stereo an important part of the
of this ambiance until it is no longer present audio scene for the foreseeable future.
and you are sitting in the acoustically dif-
ferent environment of your living room. Achieving 4 -Channel Sound. Let us now
Four -channel sound was conceived as a look at the various ways of achieving 4 -
means of fooling your brain into thinking channel sound. The most straightforward
you are at a live performance. It is an method is called "discrete." This is a copy
illusion of being there and not the real thing of the master tape which consists of the two
-but still a very good illusion indeed. See tracks of music that was fed to the micro-
Fig. 3. phones near the orchestra and two tracks
There has been some grumbling that the picked up by microphones placed out in
audio industry has just "created another the ball itself-generally toward the rear.
gimmick." That all it is concerned with is to These four channels of music are recorded
obsolete your present equipment and sell onto a tape and reproduced in your home by
more speakers. This is simply not true. means of a tape player that is equipped
Fig. 2. Two -channel (stereophonic) recording and playback is shown in this diagram.
-------- I--------
AUDIO SYSTEM I
--1
J
JUNE 1972
27
1
AUDIO SYSTEM I
L-
AUDITORIULI
LIVING ROOM
L AUDIO SYSTEM
Fig. 3. Four -channel sound reproduction gives an illusion of concert -hall ambiance.
to pick up the four channels of music and dubbed, slowed down, or speeded up to
send them through four amplifiers to four create a complete product. The whole
speakers (Fig. 4) . orchestra may not even record in the same
In this way, the orchestra comes to you room or on the same day. Echo or rever-
from the front speakers while the rear beration is added during the mixing.
speakers recreate the ambiance of the hall. It is the author's feeling that it does not
You are literally there. You are immersed make any difference whether the complete
in the hall and, depending on your seating product is sent into your home out of two
preference, you can adjust the front and rear channels or four. Neither concept is "purer"
balance and put yourself in the front row, than the other. If the effect is more pleasing
a middle row, or way in the back. with four channels, then you should receive
The use of four channels has spun off four channels. At times, 4 -channel sound
another interesting byproduct. This is in the with the rear channels containing the ambi-
field of pop music which vas never per- ance material is pleasing, while at other
formed in a concert hall, but rather in a times the surround-sound effect of being
studio. Thus, the four channels can be used immersed in the music is preferable.
to surround the listener with singers or The most popular tape format for discrete
instrumentalists in the group. 4 -channel sound is the 8 -track cartridge
Is this true high fidelity, as defined by system. Its advantages are many, including
Webster? Well, probably not, but increasing the fact that, being a continuous loop, you
your enjoyment of the music is what it's never have to rewind after hearing the
all about. What one person enjoys may not program; and, because of the immense
he the same as what you like. One person popularity of the 8 -track format, prere-
likes jazz while another likes classical music. corded material will be more readily avail-
It is all a matter of personal preference. If able. It is too soon to know what the reel-
someone likes to feel immersed in the or- to-reel market will do, but it is assumed
chestra, is it better or worse than sitting in that the only demand for the reel-to-reel
front of the orchestra? Musical enjoyment, format, until discrete records or FM broad-
like art, is a very personal thing. casts become available, will be from the
It is interesting to speculate whether some live -recording hobbyist. The cassette, be-
"purists" Nvho look with disdain at this sur- cause of track -width restrictions, will
round concept of 4 -channel sound really probably go the way of records and FNI
know how most recordings are made today. broadcasts by achieving 4 -channel sound
One finds that most stereo discs are, in through the use of a "matrix" system-for
reality, two mono channels. The music, like the next few years at least.
a film, is "created" in the editing room
where segments are blended, cut, over- The Matrix System. The matrix method
28 POPULAR E' ECTRONICS Including Electronics World

of achieving 4 -channel sound consists of shifts. This 90 -degree phase shifting is some-
encoding four channels of information into times described by CBS as the mechanical
two channels by mixing them together in a movement of the record stylus tracing these
complex phase and amplitude relationship. signals. The stylus will create a clockwise
See Fig. 5. These two channels of informa- or counterclockwise helm as it moves along
tion can then be pressed into a normal stereo the groove. The Columbia system, called
record, broadcast over an FM -stereo station, "SQ," is licensed to Sony, Ilarman-Kardon,
or recorded onto a 2 -channel stereo tape. Sherwood, Masterwork, Lafayette, Metrotec,
When you play these two channels of and Radio Shack at the present time-and
music through the proper equipment, in- probably to others by the time you read this.
cluding a "matrix decoder," the two chan- Columbia, Capitol, and Vanguard have all
nels will be restored somewhat to the announced record releases under this
original four channels. The degree of res- system.
toration and the cost to the customer are Sensing a battle of non -compatible sys-
the problems being debated in the industry. tems and acknowledging the strength of
Various companies have introduced Columbia's record library, E -V has an-
matrix decoders. When all the marketing nounced that a new chip will soon be
superlatives have been stripped away, the available containing coefficients compatible
various systems have only two ingredients with the CBS SQ system and that the circuit
to work with-one ís the coefficients and will have additional components to detect
the other is phasing. The coefficients are 90 -degree phase shifting. This latter develop-
the terms in the formulas that specify how ment now provides two systems that are
much of each channel is mixed or separated compatible.
from another. The phasing is an attempt to Sansui offes another matrix decoder that
gain more distinctness between the channels. features 90 -degree phase -shift circuits.
A commonly used phase shift is 180 degrees. Sansui's main push so far is the use of its
The more complicated matrix circuits use decoder as an enhancer of stereo recordings.
90 -degree phase shifts. This circuit, like Electro -Voice's, detects
One of the first major matrix systems signals that are at various phase relation-
was introduced by Electro -Voice. The heart ships with each other, and directs these
of the unit is an IC chip that contains all signals into appropriate channels where they
the resistors, capacitors, and transistors that eventually emanate from four speakers to
will decode by the proper coefficients and create a total sound field in the listening
detect signals 180 degrees out -of -phase. It room. Originally, the missing link was an
is the most popular matrix decoder because encoder. This encoder is now available, but
E -V made the IC available to all manufac- may be changed-as various record com-
tures at small cost to encourage the panies, especially Columbia, begin pouring
adoption of its system. There is an encoder out discs encoded in the SQ format-so as
available to record companies and F\1 to have similar coefficients in order to be
stations who wish to encode 4 -channel music compatible.
into two channels. Everyone claims his idea is the best and
This system looked as if it would capture this is actually good for any dynamic
the market until CBS announced another industry. However, sometimes the difference
matrix system that was claimed to be better. between two systems is so minute that there
The problem was that it utilized different are no practical differences. This, then,
coefficients than E -V and 90 -degree phase brings us to the word "compatible." The
Fig. 4. The discrete four -channel systems keep the individual channels separate.
L F
LEFT FRONT L F
L
LEFT BACK L B
OR VV
R F
RIGHT FRONT RF _ rl
R
RIGHT BACK RB
4 CHANNEL
MASTER TAPE
OPEN
REEL
8 TRACK
CARTRIDGE
4 CH
AMP
4
SPEAKERS
JUNE 1972 29
LEFT FRONT
LEFT BACK
RIGHT FRONT
RIGHT BACK
4 CHANNEL ENCODER STEREO FM, DECODER 4 CH

MASTER TAPE DISC OR TAPE AMP SPEAKERS
Fig. 5. In a matrix system, the four channels are combined into two as illustrated here.
author feels that if a recording is made with backs of their music -playing systems which
a solo trumpeter placed in the right -front will accept matrix decoders.
channel and a drummer in the left -rear The matrix decoder can sometimes be
channel, any decoder that places them in the used to enhance normal 2 -channel stereo
proper locations is compatible with the music. The decoder will attempt to split it
encoder used at the studio. And this is true into four parts by analyzing phase and
regardless of whether the coefficients and amplitude relationships and a "synthesized"
phase angles used are identical or slightly 4 -channel sound is created. This has led
different. some people to confuse the main purpose
Again, psycho -acoustics come into play of matrixing, which is to encode from four
as to what we perceive as being a good channels clown to two and back to four.
reproduction of live perfomance. The With this spinoff use of creating four out of
degree of separation between channels from two channels, the effect is quite pleasing.
a matrix system is much less than with a Because of the limited library of 4 -channel
discrete system. There is more blending of music at present, you will find that most
the channels in matrixing which some people of the time the decoder is being used as a
actually prefer to the distinctness of the synthesizer.
discrete tape system. Another method of bringing 4 -channel
However, if more apparent separation is sound into your home has been introduced
desired, a circuit can be added after the by jVC of Japan. RCA and Panasonic have
matrix decoder to enhance the 4 -channel announced that they will be supplying
effect. This generally consists of a logic records and equipment for this system. The
circuit that controls the gain of the four method is not true discrete nor a matrix, as
channels. When it detects an instrument that previously described, but a system in be-
is louder in one channel than the rest, it tween. The four channels of a master tape
will boost its level somewhat and reduce the are combined in a special formula and a
levels of the other channels a bit. This gives coding signal is generated. This method is
the illusion that the instrument is located similar to the multiplex system used today
closer to that particular corner of the room in FM stereo. The coded signal is pressed
than it vas before the logic circuit took over. onto the record as well as the multiplex
These elaborate matrixing systems, some and when played back the two signals com-
featuring this gain -riding logic circuit, will bine to create four individual channels of
be more expensive and only appeal to the information. Bemuse of the better separa-
sophisticated music lover. tion this system provides over the matrix
The matrix system has advantages over the method, it has been called a discrete system.
discrete other than the fact that it can be One drawback at present is that the
used for 2 -channel records, tape, and FM - record system must be able to handle
stereo. This feature is that you can convert frequencies as high as 45,000 Hz. This is
many existing stereo systems to 4 -channel not a major problem for a sophisticated
quite easily. The only requirement is that phono cartridge to handle. The magnetic
you can place this matrix decoder into your cartridge has this capability within sight.
amplifier circuit before the final stage. This The problem will arise when this response
hookup requires having either separate am- is needed in an inexpensive ceramic
plifier, tuner, and phono components, or a cartridge.
tape -monitor jack on the amplifier. Some You may ask why this is important when
companies have placed special jacks on the you own a sophisticated system? Well, the
music industry must produce records that build-up approach was the original inexpen-
will be purchased in the hundreds of sive "black box."
thousands. In order to have a large selection The converter takes advantage of a very
of records from which to choose, this mass simple concept. Many times during a
market must exist. A large choice of selec- recording session, sounds that are 180
tions simply cannot be provided for a small, degrees out -of -phase with the rest of the
specialized market. If the RCA-JVC system music will be recorded on the tape. This
is to survive, some improvements-which, is generally not a problem when listening
incidently, RCA and JVC have said will be through a normal stereo system and, there-
made-must occur. First, the need to fore, no efforts are made to eliminate these
produce an inexpensive ceramic cartridge for signals. Many records or tapes out in the
the mass market must be met; second, the field have this "hidden music" on them.
problem of not being able to play this Through the use of a simple resistive net-
4 -channel record on a normal stereo work across the two positive terminals of
machine without destroying the high -fre- the stereo amplifier, the out -of -phase sound
quency coded signal must be overcome; and is recovered and fed to the rear speakers.
finally, the durability of the disc must be Some of the ambiance of the live recording
improved. appears at the forward microphones out -of -
The catch is that even if all these things phase and so, in this hookup, the recorded
are done, the system may not he practical. ambiance will be accented in the rear
To use this system on FM will require years speakers. A solo instrument or singer that
of testing before the FCC will sanction it. appears equally in the left- and right -front
This would then make the RCA-JVC sys- speakers will be canceled out of the rear
tem work only for discs, not FM or tape. speakers. In this way you will be surrounded
So, at the present time, the E -V or CBS by music and yet instruments will seem to
matrix system, which can be used today on come from various parts of your listening
any format without FCC approval, would room.
seem to give the matrix a favorable edge. The system does not have the accuracy
of the true matrix system but it is a simple
Four -Channel Converters. Many con- way to get started if you are not quite
sumers today want to try 4 -channel sound sure you will like the effect. Also, because
in their homes, but are not quite sure if it does not require any hookups before the
they will like the effect or what system to amplifier but is mere& connected to the
go into. They are taking a "building block" existing speaker terminals, this conversion
approach. This involves the purchase of a can be done by anyone.
small "black box" converter sold by many So, in the months to come, you \vill see
companies now, but originally conceived by many different methods of obtaining 4 -chan-
llynaco. See Fig. 6. nel reproduction. If you know \what the
All that is required as an investment is various methods invole, you will find it less
the converter and two more speakers. If, confusing. If you know how far you want to
at a later date, you decided to go further by go, how much existing equipment you want
investing in a matrix decoder and/or dis- to keep, and how much distinctness in the
crete tape player, the speakers have already separation of channels you want, you will
been purchased and the matrix decoder or find equipment for your purpose now-and
tape player will then require just another in the very near future-available on your
stereo amplifier. The only casualty in this retail dealer's shelves.
Fig. 6. This is a derived or ambiance recovery system using a four -channel converter.
LEFT
RIGHT
2 CHANNEL STEREC FM 2 CH 4 CH 4
MASTER TAPE DISC ORTAPE AMP CONVERTER SPEAKERS
JUNE 1972 31
Minicomputers
-What They
Are
and What 111111111wEllffil
ell MI MI
11111111w1111111:.
They Can Do :I':

L
L'
NI
NW
.
A LOOK AT APPLICATIONS
OF THE
INCREASINGLY POPULAR
----_
SMALL -SIZED COMPUTER
BY DAVID L. HEISERMAN
'a w
who is familiar with the mean-
ANYONE
ing of such mod terms as "miniskirt"
and "minibike" can conjure up at least a
vague notion of what is meant by the term
"minicomputer." In simple terms, a mini-
computer is a small computer-at least as
far as size is concerned.
The sale prices of minicomputers are not
very small, but neither is the present rate
of sales. Even with price tags for the bread -
box -size computers ranging from $6000 to
$25,000, more than 10,000 of them have
found their ways into new kinds of elec-
tronic instrumentation since 1968. More
than half of these were sold during 1970,
and the rate of sales will most likely double
again in 1972.
There must be something revolutionary Digital Equipment Corp. minicomputer
about minicomputers which cost more than with host of input/output blocks uses
a new Cadillac but still sell faster than airport runway data measured photo-
candy bars at the movies. They must offer electrically to obtain visual range.
the buyer something unique and useful. Any
little instrument that can keep more than
70 computer manufacturers-many of
them flourishing new companies-turning
out minicomputers at full capacity is bound
to have a powerful impact on modern busi-
ness, industry, and technology.
Minicomputers are basically stripped -
down versions of the large general-purpose
machines. In fact, many of the well estab-
lished computer firms make their minis
from a small selection of the most impor-
tant circuit boards and components used in
their large computer products. Some minis
have a few more "accessories" than others;
a few have larger memories, operate faster,
and can handle more sophisticated tasks.
But all minicomputers behave like their
larger counterparts. Only the prices and
data -handling capacities are "mini."
Stripped -Down Computers. One of the

first things minicomputer engineers strip
away from big computer designs to make Minicomputers, such as this one from
a mini is the number of bits that appear in Xerox Data Systems, are used as aids
each instruction or data word. Whereas the in many different kinds of research.
large computer typically handles up to :36
hits of information per word, minis gener- instruction for each tiny step the circuits
ally take on between 8 and 16 bits per must take, but the built-in assembly pro-
word. It is possible to parallel several minis gram makes custom programming a simpler
or use some programming tricks to extend and speedier process.
the word length, but for most minicom- Newer minicomputers take the program-
puter applications, 16 -bit words are long ming one step further. Many models cur-
enough. rently available have compiler language
Another cut is in the size of the ferrite such as FORTRAN, ALGOL, and BASIC
memory core. Large computers have stor- fixed into their memories. These sophisti-
age space for millions of bits of digital in- cated programs take a simple input com-
formation. Most minis come equipped with mand-such as "add"-and translate it into
a memory capacity of 4000 16 -bit words. the dozens of separate binary commands
The user can, however, buy extra 4000 - the machine needs for carrying out the op-
word memory modules to expand storage eration.
capacity to 32,000 words. Like the custom programs, built-in as-
The third major cut in sophistication is sembly and compiler programs take up
in the mini's programming capability. Any valuable memory space and thus add to the
computer's internal workings operate on a cost and complexity of the minicomputer.
complicated sequence of "1" and "0" binary The FORTRAN program, for example,
codes. it is possible, and sometimes neces- takes up a full 4(X)0 -word memory module
sary, to program a minicomputer by feed- in most cases. if the user wants a 4000 -
ing it a program written in the awkward word capacity for his custom program, he
binary form. A set of switches and lights must outfit a mini with at least an 8000 -
allows the user to "converse" with the mini word memory, 4000 to do the real work
in binary language. and another 4000 to make programming
Since binary language is awkward for easier.
most people, manufacturers now include an Because memory space in a minicom-
assembly program in their minicomputers. puter is precious, users seldom try to store
This fixed program lets the user instruct the more than one custom program at a time.
computer via standard typewriter symbols Whenever a program change is wanted, new
and words. The user still has to feed in one instructions are fed in via punched cards,
JUNE 1972
33
paper or magnetic tape, or a teletypewriter A single centrally located computer could
keyboard. This type of reprogramming can take over the work of dozens of minis scat-
be troublesome and time consuming; so, tered around a large plant or lab facility,
most minis operate in a dedicated mode but the cost of a single large system is far
(one -program) application. greater than that of ten of the more ex-
Within the limits imposed by the small pe isive minis. Too, a user can buy minis a
size of the memories and arithmetic units, few at a time and spread out their cost as
a mini can perform just about any type of opposed to the large initial outlay for a
task a large general-purpose computer can single general-purpose computer.
handle. Although a mini might spend its Most kinds of sensors (thermocouples,
entire lifetime performing only one of sev- pressure sensors, strain gauges, etc.) gener-
eral different types of tasks, the user has a ate analog signals. A minicomputer, a digi-
virtually unlimited number of tasks from tal device, employs input amplifiers to scale
which to choose. the analog voltages to the proper levels and
Considering its small size, rugged con- analog -to -digital (A/D) circuits to translate
struction, and relatively low cost, a mini- the analog signals into digital form. These
computer is far more suitable for most on - input devices and the mini and peripheral
the -spot data acquisition, control, and data equipment make up the building blocks for
processing operations than is any large com- a complete minicomputer data acquisition
puter. system.
Under the control of an acquisition pro-
Gathering The Data. Many scientific and gram stored in the mini's memory, the sys-
industrial processes require the gathering of tem samples data from each sensor, assigns
large amounts of data from many different binary codes, and stores the data in another
sensing devices over a very short period of part of the memory. If the program calls
time. Using a minicomputer data acquisition for data manipulations, the computer pulls
system, data can be gathered from hun- the appropriate data out of the memory and
dreds of sensors virtually instantaneously performs the assigned operations. Using a
with the results printed out on a teletype- display program, the mini can print out the
writer. results on a piece of paper, display it on a
A mini can take care of all the data CRT screen, or store it on punched cards
manipulations as fast as the sensors can pro- or magnetic tape.
vide the information. It can calculate aver- Minicomputer data acquisition systems
ages, smooth out random fluctuations, look do more than just gather and print out data.
for critical readings, and construct graphs They also manipulate the data, putting it
and tables in less time than it takes a man into a form that is more useful to the hu-
to jot down a single set of readings. man operator and other machines.
This minicomputer system from Varian Process Control Applications. The only
Data Machines, like many others, is real difference between using a mini for
used in medical research/treatment. data acquisition and in control applications
is that. in the latter, emphasis is on con-
trolling other machines rather than gather-
ing data from them. Minicomputers are so
well suited for process control applications
that they are beginning to take over from
r-.,..; punched -tape madhine controls.
Instead of taking instructions from a
moving punched tape, the mini quickly calls
up rapid segi ences of control instructions
from its memory. By means of a preset
program, it can control motors and valves
in machinery as simple as a punch -press or
in systems as complex as NASA's Lunar
Excursion Module.
just as most sensing devices produce ana-
log signals, a goodly number of the devices
a mini must control operate on analog volt -

ages. This means that D/A converters and
power amplifiers must be used between the
mini and the devices it controls. Using a
building-block approach, an engineer can
'i
r11'
.__ P'
,..-Z 4.4:1111 L
44i 4,14
Assemble just about any kind of custom i,eGN..,
minicomputer control system he desires. e'.1,.
Traditional Mini Roles. \1inicomputers

demonstrate their most unique capabilities
in industrial data acquisition and process
control applications where no other com-
puting device has been able to meet, ef-
fectively and economically, so many differ-
ent kinds of challenges. .So, it is easy to
s
overlook some of the more traditional jobs
they can perform.
In an engineering office, for example, a
11.1
mini can carry out most design and analysis .
rt
o,a
problems engineers encounter. With a small
mini close at hand, there is no need to wait
in line for time at a big computer. and there Digital Equipment Corp. minicomputer
is no need to struggle with the schedules used in conjunction with controller
and peculiar operating characteristics of of an automatic coil winding machine.
commercial computer time-sharing services. punched card and magnetic tape equip-
The minicomputer is available at all times; ment.
and, since most users buy their minis out- Throughout most of the 25 -year history
right, there are no running -charges to deal of modern computer technology, engineers
with. have placed emphasis upon deve oping fast-
These advantages apply to business offices er computers which can handle more in-
as well. Office users of minicomputers information with more efficiency. With the
clude those who must process a lot of in- coining of large-scale integrated circuits
formation daily but would have insufficient (LSI's), this trend is reaching a new
running time to justify the cost of a large plateau. There will always be a demand for
computer system. In business data process- larger and more sophisticated computer sys-
ing applications, minis can operate in con- tems, but there is a greater and more im-
junction with any of the traditional com- mediate need for computers at the mini-
puter input and output devices, including computer end of the scale.
COLOR TV PROJECTION SYSTEM

developed color video projec- 82000. The special curved screen will cost
ANEWLY
tion system that can project color TV an additional 8250. The screen has high
images on a large screen was demonstrated reflection efficiency and good contrast. Price
recently to the press. Using a simple optical of the video player is just under $1000,
projection system, the image from a 12 -in while the selling price of the TV tuner/
Trinitron CRT was projected onto a screen adapter, although not established as yet, is
measuring 30 by 40 inches. De\ eloped by expected to be around the price of a color
Sony Corp., components of the new system TV receiver.
are expected to go on sale in the U. S. this It is expected that the first uses of the
fall. (See News Highlights column for May.) new system will be in the commercial area,
Projected TV images were viewed in a in schools, or in public places, such as air-
darkened room. Picture quality was excellent. ports, hotel lobbies, or exhibition halls. Later
The "Sony Color Video Projection Sys- the system may find use in the home where
tem," as it is called, can project pre-recorded the screen could be mounted on a wall.
programs from a video player, or it can The 12 -in. Trinitron, the heart of the
project programs taken off the air with the projector, uses new, highly efficient phos-
aid of an additional TV tuner/adapter. phors and is operated at a high brightness
Price of the video projector will be around level. O
JUNE 1972 35
Great
--
areers
.) ii <
i t itaR
r .
Iij IUhC
I
Join the high -paid electronics technicians

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36
POPULAR ELECTRONICS Including Electronics World
be ! in at ho
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1kd=4'
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r
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solid-state radio, and a fully transis- Stereo, Hi -Fi a Sound Systems
AT LOS ANGELES G High School at Home Dept. 205-062
torized volt -ohmmeter. You can take classroom training at Los
Angeles in sunny Southern California. Name Ago
Y R
NTS occupies a city block with over a
5 -watt AM ..... ................. million dollars in facilities devoted ex- Address
transmitter/ <_7 clusively to technical training. Check box
in coupon.
I
receiver. City State Zip
-- a z APPROVED FOR VETERANS

Accredited Member: National Associa- [)
Check if Interested in Veteran Training
under new G.I. bill.
Check it interested ONLY in Classroom
415 tion of Trade and Technical Schools: Training at Los Angeles.
National Home Study Council. !
JUNE 1972 39
New Thermal Viewer
Has Civilian Uses
F YOU really want to see a black cat in a ible through the eyepiece. The principle
coalbin at midnight, the Night Vision used is not new, but previous equipment
Laboratory of the Army Electronics Com- was heavy, bulky, and took 20 minutes to
mand has developed just the thing for the create a visible image. The Thermoviewer,
job. It is the Thermoviewer, a handheld however, works in real time, creating im-
thermal viewer (AN PAS -7) whose civilian ages instantaneously. Furthermore, it needs
applications may well exceed its primary no outside illumination for creating the im-
military use of detecting and recognizing age.
personnel targets at night. Since the Thermoviewer detects only dif-
ferences in temperature, it can be used in
either darkness or daylight. It can also be
used to see throng r light fog or haze be-
17m4.1
cause it works at a longer wavelength than
`T. that of visible light.
¡ :j q
In its significant civilian use to date, the
Thermoviewer was used by the U.S. Bureau
of Mines in conjunction with the Night Vi -
Handheld Thermoviewer detects objects In photo above, soldier in foliage is

by observing temperature differences. virtuallyinvisible. Below, the view-
er spots him easily, near right side.
The Thermoviewer has already bee suc-
cessfully used to detect loose rock that
might cause mine cave-ins and to study
earth surface temperatures in geological sur-
veys. Other potential uses include detection
and mapping of thermal pollution in water
and a variety of medical applications-such
as detecting cancerous tissue beneath the
skin and studying burned tissue.
\Veighing only 6 lb, the Thermoviewer
can be handled as easily as a pair of binocu-
lars. It is powered by a belt -mounted re- sion Laboratory to find hazardous loose
chargeable battery pack capable of 12 hours rock behind apparently solid mine walls,
of continuous operation. and by the Remote Sensing Geophysics
Images are created by sensing tempera- Group of the U.S. Geological Survey in mak-
ture differences between the object being ing a detailed study of conditions which af-
viewed and its background. The Thermo - fect surface temperatures of the earth.
viewer has a detector array of lead selenide, Phillips Broadcast Equipment Co. of
thermoelectrically cooled to almost -160° Mahwah, N.J. was selected to build 20
F. The array is scanned electronically to models of the Thermoviewer for the Army
create an image on a phosphor screen vis- and civilian agencies. 4
BUILD A
I
VERSATILE
SEMI-
.
:J CONDUCTOR
CURVE T CER
CREATES CHARACTERISTIC CURVES
FOR MOST SEMICONDUCTORS
BY JOHN KEITH
S EMICONDUCTOR characteristic curve Details of Circuit Design.. Timing in the

tracers have been used very little by curve tracer circuit is set by the frequency
experimenters and hobbyists because many of the ac power input. After it is rectified,
people are just not familiar with their opera- the input is a 120 -Hz half sine wave with a
tion. Then too, commercial units are ex- maximum value of about 20 volts as shown
pensive. However, a curve tracer is almost in Fig. 1A. This voltage is used as the col-
indispensable when you need to know the lector -emitter supply (V(.E;) for the transis-
characteristics of the semiconductors you tor being tested, with the upper limit deter-
have on hand, especially when you are look- mined by a potentiometer. The V,,; supply
ing for a pair of matched devices for a is also used for the horizontal sweep on the
particular Application. external scope while the collector -emitter
A curve tracer automatically displays the voltage drop (across a resistor) is applied to
voltage -current parameters of a semicon- the scope's vertical sweep.
ductor device by varying one parameter During the time of one 120 -Hz sweep, the
while measuring another. Although this can base bias current to the transistor under test
be clone manually, it is a slow, tedious job is held at a selected constant value by a
requiring many individual plots. An auto- built-in "staircase" generator that changes
matic tracer, used in conjunction with an
oscilloscope, can display a family of curves Fig. 1. Waveform at (A) is basic tim-
in a matter of seconds. For example, the col- ing voltage. Transistor base current
___
lector current curves of a transistor are cre- is at (B); while (C) shows how family
ated by applying the selected collector -to- of characteristic curves is generated.
emitter voltage through a load resistor and 120Hz
varying the base current. A voltmeter con- BY
nected across the collector resistor will show CONTROSET L
a variation in indicated voltage as the base (B)

bias is varied. Obviously, a selection of dif- BASE
ferent values of applied base bias currents CURRENT
(9A)
will be needed to plot a "family" of curves
such as those seen in transistor manuals.
The low-cost automatic curve tracer de-
scribed here is straightforward in design, (C)
easy to use, and makes an excellent addition SCOPE
CURVES
//
to any workbench.
JUNE 1972 41
>
PARTS LIST
o C1 -2000-µF, 15 -volt electrolytic capacitor
o + C2 -50-µF, 15 -volt electrolytic capacitor
yam_
^
--
C3 -30-µF. 15 -volt electrolytic capacitor
C4 -1-µF, 15 -volt disc capacitor
7e-
C5 -0.02-µF, 15 -volt disc capacitor
C6 -0.2-µF, 15 -volt disc capacitor
D1 -3.6 -volt, 1 -watt zener diode (IIEP102 or
similar)
D2 -5.1 -volt, 300m zener diode (HEPZ0211
or similar)
D3,D5-D1.3-Any silicon diode
D4 -10 -volt zener diode (IIEPZ0220 or sim-
ilar)
D14-D17-Rectifier (1N4002, HEP156 or sim-
ilar)
F1 -3/4 -ampere fuse and holder
11 -117 -volt neon lamp assembly (with in-
ternal resistor)
ICI-Integrated circuit (41C790P or
HEP572)
JUG-Five-way binding post
Q1,Q2,Q4-Q10-Transistor (2N5183 or
IlEPS.3001)
Q3-Transistor with heat sink (RCA40315 or
HEP53)
R1 -4.7 -ohm, 1/2-wattt resistor
R_ -100 -ohm, 2 -watt resistor
OY
R3 -12,000 -ohm, 1/1 -watt resistor
R4 1000 -ohm, 1/ -wc.t resistor
R5-390 -ohm, 1/4 -watt resistor
R6-3000 -ohm. 1/ -watt resistor
R7,R10,R 19,R20,R21-18,000-ohm, 1/4 -watt
resistor
R8-5000 -ohm trimmer potentiometer (CTS
type U-201 or similar)
R9 -1100 -ohm, 1/4 -watt resistor
RI !,R12,R17,RI8,R27-4700-ohm, 1/4 -watt
resistor
R 13-10.000-ohnr. 1/ -wa.tt resistor
R14.R16-100.000-ohm, 1/1 -watt resistor
R15 -100.000 -ohm trimmer potentiometer
> (CTS type U-201 or similar)
<Do
N R22 2700 -ohm. 1/4 -watt resistor
R23 -500 -ohm trimmer potentiometer (CTS
R24 -680 -ohm, %-watt resistor
+ R25-250 -ohm trimmer potentiometer (CTS
R26-1500-ahm. 1/ -wat.t resistor
R28 -470 -ohm. 1/4 -watt resistor
R29-10 000 -ohm 5"1,, 1/4 -watt resistor
R30-30.000 -ohm, 5%, 1/ -watt resistor
R.31-100.000-ohm,.5%, 1/ -watt resistor
R32 -100 -oh 171, 5%, 2 -watt esistor
R.33 -250 -ohm. .5W. wirewound potentiometer
zo R34-10.000-ohm, 5%, 1/4 -watt resistor
SI.S2-Spst switch
S.3 Normally open pushbutton switch
S4,S7-Single-pole, 3 -position rotary switch
S5.S6-Dpdt switch.
2:V TI-Transformer: 12.6V, IA

T2-Transformer: 24V, IA
Misc.-Suitable chassis, knobs (6) terminal
strips, line cord and grommet, rubber feet
(4), spacers, mounting hardware, etc.
Fig. 2. Power supply and delay circuit of tracer. Regulated supply insures stable
operation. The sweep start control is adjusted to remove any curve instability.

+10.5V
+3.6 V 07-010=2N5I83
5
' -WJJvVr-
RI9
18K
D7
TOGGLE T
CD 0
ICI
CD 0`
D8
091 DIO
R20
18K Á 08
I R24
680A
R25
25011
MC790P
I DII
MMNV-
RB K
09
R22 R23
2.7K 500h
DI2 013 t R27
4.7K
+3.6V 010
II
GND
.13 'J2 JI
S01
DI4-D17= +
VCE P°1- R3I
IN4002 BASE POL
S6 S5 100K
T2
rtOOOOO\I
TO TI
PRIMARY
VERT1
J5 TO
I\£COPE
J4
OHORIZ
Fig. 3. Staircase generator uses divide -by -four logic circuit in association with
diode gating to produce the four bias levels needed to create family of curves.
the bias current during each sweep interval Integrated circuit ¡CI provides a binary
to display a family of four curves. The stair- four count which is applied to Q7, Q8, and
case generator is synchronized to the power Q9 through a diode gating network to pro-
line frequency as shown in Fig. 113. Figure duce the staircase bias leve s. These are
1C shows the scope curves for each value of summed in Q10 whose emitter is always at
base bias, and the final composite family of one of four voltage states: 0, 3, 6, or 9 volts.
curs es. These voltages are determined by the di-
As shown in Figs. 2 and 3, a delay circuit vider made up of R22 through R26; and
consisting of Q4, Q5 and Q6 provides a they are preset by R8, R23, and R2.5.
variable delay to insure that the staircase The voltage staircase is coupled through
switches at exactly the same time as the one of three series bias resistors-R29, R30,
Ve., trace starts. This prevents "clutter" in or R31, selected by S4. This provides bias
the display. current values of 30, 60, and 90 microam-
JUNE 1972 43
F ALL DIODES Fig. 4. Actual size foil pattern
for circuit board is shown above
RECT .ICI 1,1)5-4w1)7- with component layout at left.
N N .064,-RI9--.\ Circuit can be assembled on a
D9.DIO.
r
i - C3 D8YR20-.
!012'..013+
standard perf board if preferred.
RI ---DI-. .01 Imo-R2I-

r
3-'
1
22
1 R24
0I.-R7 R26-'-. t IJ .
,
02
-R6
.---RS-+ -R31- 010 R27 JJ
C
+ *
'r
/ tr-R30-
t'-29-
I
46 H I
*USE INSULATED WIRE JUMPERS ON FOIL SIDE
PIN 6 TO PIN 13; PIN II TO +3.6V
Peres; 100, 200, and 300 microamperes; and Calibration. \Vith the circuit complete
300, 600, and 900 microampw-es. Each has and power turned on, check that pin 11 of
an automatic zero voltage preceding it. ICI is at 3.6 volts de. Connect the do volt-
To add versatility, the polarities of Vep; meter to the emitter of Q3 (ground to minus
and the base bias are independently selected side of RECTI ), and adjust trimmer RS for
by SG and S5, respectively. This permits the 10.5 volts.
analysis of both junction and insulated gate To check the staircase generator, connect
FET's, as well as conventional npn and pnp an oscilloscope ro the emitter of Q10, mak-
transistors. ing sure that S2 is in the \uTo position.
When the existence of the staircase wave
Construction. The curve tracer can be has been confirmed, remove the scope and
built on a pert board or a printed circuit place S2 in the M.xu.+L position. Reconnect
board (Fig. 4). The board and other com- the de voltmeter (10 -volt scale) to the
ponents can be mounted as shown in the emitter of Q10. Operate pushbutton S3 until
photograph of the prototype. There is noth- the voltmeter indicates approximately 9
ing critical about the layout, except that the volts. (There should be four discrete voltage
horizontal and vertical scope termination levels indicated as S.3 is operated.) With the
wires should be kept away from other leads. voltmeter indicating approximately 9 volts,
44
S2 S5' R23 D4
i
R34
. ---f
-
S4
=a.
SI
S3 `
AO`
^ x +
J6
JI- - ùm,_ J5 Photo of author's pro-
J2 R32 totype. Note how Cl
J4 is not mounted on
J3 circuit board. Power
:y¡.. supply components
11/4,
(I , ___.
JDII
T2
-
are mounted at right.
CL
adjust R8 for exactly 9 volts. Operating S3 Insert a known good transistor in socket
once should cause the voltage to drop to SO/ and set polarity switch S6 accordingly
zero, and operating S.3 once more should -
(+ for npn; for pnp). Place switch S2 on
bring the needle up near the 3 -volt mark. AUTO and select the desired base currents
Adjust R25 to obtain exactly 3 volts. The with S4. A family of four curves will be dis-
next operation of S3 should produce a 6 -volt played on the scope. If you are using an
indication which is set by R23. The zero is ac -coupled scope, the curves will center
automatic. Retest S3 to indicate 0, 3, 6, and about the zero axis; however, with a do
9 volts at the emitter of Q10. When S2 is scope, the display will be more stable. Ad-
placed in the aUTOMATIC position, the volt- just R15 for a stable display. 0
age will be an average 4.5 volts.
For most purposes, the base currents de-
veloped by these voltages can be assumed to
be correct. However, it is actually one of
these voltages minus the base-emitter drop
of the transistor under test. For accurate cal-
culations (if needed), the exact base cur-
rents can be found from the staircase voltage
minus V,,,; divided by R23, R30, or R31.
Operation. Connect the vertical, ground,

and horizontal outputs to the proper termi-
nals on the oscilloscope and set the scope for
external horizontal input. To calibrate the
scope graticule, place the CAL switch (S7)
to the 10V position, set WE control (R33)
to minimum, and place V,.,, polarity switch
on +. Rotate R3.3 until the horizontal scope
trace curves up. At this point, V,.,.; equals
10 volts (determined by diode D4). Adjust-
ment of the scope horizontal gain enables
calibration in volts per inch. Setting S7 to
the 1-mA position and adjusting the scope I really don't think this is the way
vertical control permits calibration in milli- we should be deciding which of our

amperes per inch. designs is best for the project.
JUNE 1972 45
KODAK ENTERS VIDEO
RECORDER/PLAYER
MARKET
USING SUPER 8 MOVIE FILM
INSTEAD OF MAGNETIC TAPE
BY AUBREY HARRIS
vídeo recorder/player has been in cal beam splitter and photomultiplier tubes.
THE
the news fairly often during the past few An advantage of this kind of scanner is
years; and with good reason, since quite that there are no image registration
a few big -name companies are involved in problems.
its development. Now, there is yet another Special steps have been taken to pro-
entry. This time it is Eastman -Kodak Com- duce a 60 field/ second TV waveform from
pany. The recording medium is, quite log- the 24 frame/second film rate. The method
ically for them, Super 8mm color film. used is known as "Tuu n-Three" scanning
The Kodak Videoplayer system is by far where one frame is scanned twice by the
the lowest cost recording system yet an- TV raster, while the next film frame is
nounced. This is because the camera used scanned three times.
can he a simple, inexpensive Instamatic The player unit Nvill reproduce sound
movie camera as opposed to regular color recorded on a magnetic stripe on the Super
TV cameras (required for color videotape 8 film. The sound also passes through the
systems) priced in the range of $5000. modulator, emerging from the audio section
Kodak's system operates as follows. of the TV receiver. Magnetic sound record-
Super 8 is exposed in a movie camera in ing can be accomplished in the camera or
the same manner as it normally would be in a sound -recording projector. It cannot
for projector showing. Once exposed, the be accomplished in the Videoplayer.
film is sent off for processing and, on its The cost of the Videoplayer is estimat-
return from the lab is fitted into a plastic ed to he in the neighborhood of $900, with
cartridge, reel and all. The cartridge is availability sometime in 1974. This is a
then placed in the Videoplayer which auto- comparable figure for many of the pres-
matically threads and starts playing the ently available color VTR's.
film. From here, the Vicleoplayer is con- Another of the advantages of Kodak's
nected through its built-in r -f modulator system is that the medium can readily be
to the antenna terminals of a conventional edited and spliced using existing equipment,
TV receiver to display the picture. and copies can be made easily in the labs.
The Videoplayer has certain unique fea- There is also complete interchangeability
tures. First is that the film is moved con- between all Super 8 projectors, films, and the
tinuously as opposed to the intermittent Videoplayer cartridges.
24 frame/second motion of a standard pro-
Furthermore, the
films are not "standard -conscious." This last
jector. Continuous motion is less damaging is in contrast to video tapes
to the film and sprocket holes than is in- which must be
and EVR films
played only on the standard
termittent motion. on which they were recorded.
The video information is generated by Kodak's Videoplayer also has a few dis-
a flying -spot scanner and photomultiplier advantages. There is the delay for process-
tube system. In a flying -spot scanner, a ing between taking pictures and viewing
plain unmodulated TV raster generated by them. A one -hour film, after
a cathode ray tube is optically focused
processing,
costs $100-$120, whereas a one -hour 11"
onto and projected through the film frame. videotape costs only $20-$30 and is reus-
On the other side of the film are an opti- able whereas the Super 8 film is
not. O
46
A LEADING clothing manufacturer has
JOBS
announced a revolutionary affi ance in
the making of wearing apparel: the cutting
of cloth by laser beam. Developed by
Hughes Aircraft Co., the laser beam cut-
ting system is installed in the clothing fac-
FOR
tory of Genesco, Inc., Fredericksburg, Va.
The system consists of a computer, a cut-
ting head, a fabric conveyor, and a laser.
In operation, the conveyor rolls out a
single layer of cloth from a bolt, the laser
is automatically turned on, and the cutting
head begins to trace what may be a very
complex pattern over the cloth. The laser
itself is stationary, but its beam is directed
to the cutting head by silicon mirrors. The
computer controls the movements of the
LASERS
head and also manipulates the mirrors so
that the beam follows the head's gyrations. A roundup
Gold-plated aluminum mirrors inside the
cutting head focus the beam on the cloth in of applications
a pinpoint of intense energy.
The laser can and does cut to a toler- for various
ance of the width of a single thread, much
more neatly than can conventional tools. type of lasers
Each garment is tailored for size and style
according to instructions stored on magnetic
tape. This precision system assures that BY JOHN R. COLLINS
every size 40 will be the same as every other
size 40, with no errors to be corrected in
the sewing room. When the cutting is com- show promise of providing power far be-
plete, the conveyor moves the material yond anything now possible.
along, the cut pieces are removed, and New laser materials may be sought for
another section of fabric enters the cutting purely economic reasons since rare materi-
area. als or gases are more expensive than are
their more commonplace counterparts. The
Laser Developments. The I-Iughes-de- amount of power which be practicably
signed cloth cutting system came into being extracted from a given system is also a
little more than a decade after Dr. Theodore factor. It is not feasible, for example, to
H. Maiman, a scientist working at the make a ruby crystal large enough to yield
Hughes Research Laboratories, de\ eloped the amount of power that can be readily
the first successful laser. It was a remark- provided by a CO_ laser. Another considera-
ably fast transition from the research labo- tion is the fact that different laser materials
ratory to the factory. provide light of different wavelengths. This
The fascinating possibilities for utilizing can be a critical factor when considering
the intense beam of coherent laser light practical applications because wavelength
were immediately apparent to the scientific determines how the beam will react with
world. Intensified research efforts following the materials it contacts.
the initial breakthrough led to the discovery A laser beam striking a substance may
of hundreds of different kinds of lasers. be reflected, transmitted, or absorbed. If
Among the most widely used today are a laser is to perform actual work, as in
solid-state lasers using ruby, glass, or yt- cutting cloth, the beam must be absorbed.
trium aluminum garnet and gas lasers con- A material which absorbs light of one wave-
taining argon, krypton, carbon -dioxide, or a length, however, will transmit a beam with
helium -neon mixture. Much experimental a different wavelength. For example, ger-
work is still in progress and other (possibly manium is often used to make lenses for
better) types of lasers may be developed in infrared lasers, although ít is opaque to
the future. Chemical lasers, for example, light in the visible range. Much experimen-
JUNE 1972
47
tation is needed to determine the best laser Solid-stateyttritun-aluminum-garnet (YAG)
to use for a given application. lasers have found .vide acceptance for these
Lasers characteristically provide very nar- operations.
row output beams which can be focused YAG lasers are usually 9 -switched to
to points smaller than a millimeter across, increase their effectiveness. This involves
but the narrowest beams can be obtained detuning the laser's resonant cavity by some
with light of the shortest wavelength. For means while a great amount of energy is
this reason, a blue laser beam can be fo- pumped into the cavity. Resonance is sud-
cused to a finer spot than can a red one. denly restored and the laser releases all of
its energy in a single pulse which may last
Precise Measurements. Unlike conven- for less than a microsecond. A YAG laser
tional light sources, a laser beam will travel for micromachining produced by Coherent
in a very narrow beam over long distances Radiation, for example, has an average pow-
with little dispersion. A laser beam is avail- er of only 6 watts but can deliver a peak
able for reference at any distance in front power of up to 4000 watts in 500 -nano-
of a laser. This characteristic led to the second pulses.
early uses of lasers for reference lines. In
the aircraft industry, a 200' beam gives far Applications in Electronics. In the pro-
greater precision in the alignment of tools duction of such electronic components as
and jigs than could the old tight -wire meth- resistors and capacitors, it is usually not
od. Tunnels several miles long are now feasible to deposit films to the necessary
built with deviations of less than ;é" at accuracy. 9 -switched YAG lasers are widely
any point. On a smaller scale, some plumb- used to trim them to precise specifications
ing firms use lasers in establishing grade by vaporizing the excess metal. Because of
when installing sewer pipe. the short pulse duration, this can be done
Lasers, like radar, can be used to mea- without damage even with heat -sensitive
sure distances. Because the wavelength of substrates.
light is shorter than that of a radar beam, Reflecting mirrors sweep the laser bean,
a laser gives far greater accuracy. Oil com- over the metallic film of the component
panies make laser measurements of distances while instruments monitor the changes in
of up to 15 miles with accuracies of 1" its value. The components can be trimmed
when installing pipelines. When used in air- separately or, since the laser makes no
planes for mapping, a laser can distinguish physical contact, as part of a functioning
between curb and street levels. circuit. The process may be controlled by
A complex system employing the accur- a computer for high -volume production,
acy of a laser is the new aircraft tracking yielding up to 10,000 resistors an hour
system developed by Sylvania to assess the with tolerances exceeding 0.1 percent.
in-flight performance of the new DC -10 jet Until recently, the frequencies of quartz
transport. Completely self-contained in a crystals were adjusted either by removing
transportable van, the system is controlled some of the quartz with a diamond tool or
by a single operator. A low-power infrared by adding fine depositions of silver. How-
laser beam, originating from the van, il- ever, these methods are slow since they do
luminates a reflector mounted on the flying not readily lend themselves to automation.
aircraft. The reflected beam is returned Now a YAG laser can be used to adjust
to detectors in the van which determine the frequency of a quartz crystal. The crys-
the azimuth, elevation, and range at rates of tal is placed in an oscillator circuit and its
up to 100 measurements per second. The frequency is monitored during the trimming
data is recorded on magnetic tape for com- process. The film is vaporized in successive
puter analysis; the results assist engineers spots until the desired frequency is reached,
in evaluating avionic, aerodynamic, and at which point the apparatus automatically
acoustic functions of the airplane by provid- shuts off. The crystal is not harmed because
ing highly precise information on aircraft the pulses are of short duration and the
location at altitudes of up to 60,000 feet. quartz is transparent to the 1.06-micron
wavelength of the YAG laser; so, the beam
Micromachining. The delicacy with which passes through the crystal without heating
they can be manipulated recommends lasers it. A quartz crystal can be tuned in this
for precision work in the micromachining of manner in a fraction of a second.
small electronic components and circuits. YAG lasers are also used for scribing the

r-
Above, quartz tubrng is cut with
_004,.:. x Sylvania carbon dioxide laser. Below,
jet of oxygen is used on Coherent
Radiation laser to supply extra
- t i ,^ 'i power for cutting titanium sheet.
Laser fabric cutter (above) was devel-

oped by Hughes for Genesco, a large
apparel concern. Carbon dioxide laser
(below), with emission in the far in-
frared, has many industrial applica-
tions. Output is 250 watts continuous-
ly or 25 kilowatts if it is switched.
(Photo courtesy Coherent Radiation.)
a
Vu ¡t 'F
º4J
-...p.
r
}_
7}.
_14,,.1,11::
' '`my
i
0 1'
JUNE 1972 49
silicon wafers used as substrates for semi- die with the necessary accuracy. So, most
conductors, a job conventionally performed diemakers compromise on stability and make
with diamond scribing tools which are re- block dies consisting of a number of pieces.
latively slow and subject to wear. A Q - To overcome this problem, Coherent Ra-
switched YAG laser, on the other hand, can diation developed an automated diemaking
scribe a silicon substrate to a depth of 2.5 machine consisting of a CO., laser mounted
mils at a rate of 2 in./second with practical- on a mechanical table and guided by num-
ly 100 percent yield. erical control equipment. A drawing of the
A highly precise YAG laser system de- die is prepared and information on the
veloped by Sylvania is used by a manu- dimensions and sequence of cuts is trans-
facturing plant of the Bulova Watch Co. ferred to a plastic tape by means of an
for regulating the frequency of tiny bal- automatic typewriter equipped with integral
ance wheels for timepieces. Balance wheels tape punching and reading facilities. This
are machine -stamped in large quantities, can be done speedily. (The tape for a
leaving excess weight which must be trim- flip-top box can be prepared in a little more
med away to regulate them accurately. than an hour.) Once the tape has been
The output of a YAG laser is directed made and the plywood die blank placed on
through a series of lenses into a beam a bed of steel rods, the operation is com-
splitter which produces two equal -intens- pletely automatic.
ity beams pulsed at a 100-0 rate. The dual - The most challenging task for lasers is
beam optical system enables the laser to the cutting of very hard materials like
drill out equal amounts of excess ma- quartz tubing and tough materials like car-
terial from opposite sides of the wheel, bon steel. The extra power needed is sup-
thereby maintaining balance. The process plied by using a coaxial oxygen source. The
takes only a minute with the laser, com- oxygen converts the laser power, measured
pared to 20 minutes if done manually. in hundreds of watts, to an effective power
Also, the laser method yields ten times of about 40,000 watts. As in the oxygen -
better accuracy. acetylene welding torch, the chemical re-
action induced by the laser-beam/oxygen
Carbon -Dioxide Lasers. The development combination produces most of the energy
of the CO2 laser was a great advance for needed for the cutting process. The laser
industrial utilization of lasers. Most lasers beam heats the metal to a high temperature
convert excitation energy to light output so that the metal will react to the oxygen,
at less than 1 percent efficiency. The CO2 and the gas jet blows the waste away.
laser converts with a 15 -percent efficiency.
The average power output of most lasers Looking Ahead. Despite the great strides
is measured in milliwatts to a few watts; already made in bringing the laser into
the CO laser can generate several hundred
-.2
practical use, it is likely that the surface
watts of average power. Finally, the out- has barely been scratched. Experiments
put of the COa laser is in the far infrared show that the laser beam can be used for
(10.6 microns) which is totally absorbed communication, where it is estimated that
by many classes of materials including most ten trillion (1013) separate messages could
metal oxides, glass, quartz, plastics, and be placed on a single laser beam with a
natural organic materials such as wood, fur, diameter of 1 mm. This is equivalent to
and natural fabrics. all the communications taking place at one
The considerable power provided by time the world over.
COs lasers led to new applications in areas A number of problems exist before the
where conventional techniques vvere inade- laser's potential for communication can be
quate or inefficient. To illustrate, the in- realized. But whatever it takes to solve
dustries which produce boxes and cartons them, the potential exists and will most
are highly automated. Their cartons are cut certainly be exploited with maximum effort.
and glued at great speed. However, the mak- A second rich prospective use for lasers
ing of dies for the machines which do the is in the area of holography, or lensless
cutting and gluing is a manual task requiring photography which stores and projects true
the services of skilled craftsmen. A jig, or three-dimensional images. Applications for
single -piece die, is the most stable type; entertainment (TV and motion pictures)
but it is difficult for a diemaker to execute and commercial Ida storage and retrieval
the number of interior cuts required in the are limitless.
KEYLESS SYSTEM OFFERS THREE OPERATIONAL MODES
BY FRANK J. DIELSI
" spite of the best efforts

\AiITH automobile thefts increasing-in
of Detroit in
alarm has a self-contained battery that is
continuously trickle-charged; and the arming
providing locking steering columns and switch can be hidden in any convenient
buzzer warning systems on the ignition- location in the car. When armed, the alarm
it is apparent that a reliable alarm system disables all other electrical systems in the
is necessary to protect not only the vehicle car including the starter, ignition, and
but its contents as well. lights; but it does not draw any current
lost available alarm systems require the until triggered. To prevent triggering the
installation of an outside "pick proof" lock alarm by the driver, an adjustable 3- to
with an additional key that has to be car- 8 -second time delay is used, allowing ample
ried around and separate switches installed time to arm the system before leaving the
at each door, the trunk, and the hood. car and disarm it upon returning. It would
Unfortunately, many of these systems are take much longer than that for an intruder
still vulnerable because the vehicle battery to analyze the system and find the switch-
can be disconnected simply by reaching even if he knew that the car was protected
under the car and cutting the cable. by an alarm. Since most trunk and hood
The alarm system described here elimi- lights are operated by tilt switches, the
nates all of these problems. It is operated car can also be protected against ally
by the switch on the door which turns on unauthorized hoist and tow if the switches
the dome light or by switches on the hood are set to trigger at a slight tilt from hori-
and trunk if present. Installation is very zontal.
simple since only one wire of the car's The driver also has the option of 3
electrical system has to be modified. The modes of siren operation to suit different
JUNE 1972 51
situations. In mode A, when the door, hood, and then stops and is ready to sound again
or trunk is opened, after the initial delay, when a new threat occurs.
the siren sounds for 60 seconds and then In mode B, after the initial delay, the
goes on and off at approximately 7 -second siren sounds for 60 seconds only and then
intervals until the door is closed, the arming stops whether the door remains open or is
switch is turned off, or the batteries are closed. If the door is closed, the alarm
exhausted. If the door is closed after the resets. This mode is suitable for parking
siren starts, it sounds for 60 seconds only in crowded areas where a 60 -second siren
is sufficient to frighten off an intruder with-
BREAK
out creating excessive noise.
HERE In mode C, after the initial delay, the
TO VEHICLE FUSE BLOCK,IGNITION
siren sounds continuously until the arming
fl
TO SWITCH, LIGHT, ETC.
ALT/GEN
AND
SUALLY VIA BULKHEAD CONNECTOR) switch is turned off or the batteries are
STARTER
HEPI51
DI
D2
HEPI54
exhausted, whether the door remains open
or closed. If the owner is within hearing
range, mode C can be used.
How It Works. The system (see Fig. 1)

was designed for use with a negative -ground
battery system, but it can be changed for
use with a positive ground by reversing
the polarities of all the diodes and the
auxiliary battery.
OFF Thermostatic relays are used because
they are simple and inexpensive. They are
hermetically sealed in an inert gas to assure
long life; and they are temperature com-
SIREN 5 pensated and unaffected by mechanical
MODE® vibrations.
A
L-__
When the arming switch (S1) is on and
MOD_E
a door is opened, the heating element of
I
B
12V
VEHICLE K1 is put in series with the car battery
BATTERY through the door (Or trunk or hood) switch.
MODE
C HEPI54 If the car battery is disconnected, power
(TERMINAL
6
BI
is supplied by the auxiliary battery. After
OPEN)
12V the delay interval, the normally open con-
tacts of KI close and K2 is energized. Relay
K2 locks in through one set of contacts and
PARTS LIST supplies voltage to the siren through the
BI-Eight rechargeable alkaline D cells other set. If terminal 6 is connected to 5
D1,D3-HEP151 diode (mode A) the heater of K3 is energized.
D2,D4,D5 HEP154 diode
F1,F2-IOA, 3AG fuse and holder After 60 seconds, the contacts of K3 open
KI-12V, normally open, 2 -second delay to de -energize K2, turning off the siren and
thermostatic relay (Amperi.te 12NO2) the heater of K3. When the heater of K3
K2-Dpdt, 12V dc relay (Line 111K02D or cools (about 7 seconds), its contacts close,
similar)
K.3-12V, normally closed. 60 -second delay energizing K2, the siren and K3's heater.
thermostatic relay (Amperite 12C60) Since the heater hadn't completely cooled,
R1 -50 -ohm, 2 -watt potentiometer (Ohmite the contacts will again open in about 7
CLU5001 or similar) seconds. This cycle continues until the door
R2 -27 -ohm, 2 -watt resistor
SI-Dpdt, 20A slide or toggle switch is closed to turn off Kl. Relay K2 remains
Alise.---%11,ry holders. suitable chassis locked in until the contacts of K.3 open to
Bud CU729HG or similar), octal sockets reset the alarm.
for Kl and K3, 8 -terminal barrier strip, In mode B, terminals 6 and 7 are con-
12 -volt siren, mounting hardware, wire, etc.
nected together. After Kl and K2 are
Fig. 1. Alarm system has three modes energized, K.3 will operate after 60 seconds
of operation for different parking to de -energize K2. If KI is still on, the K3
situations. Connection to vehicle's heater vill stay on, keeping K2 and the siren
system is shown by the broken line.
off. If the door is closed, the K1 contacts

K2 R2 KI K3 03 DI
Fig. 2. Circuit can be

mounted in any enclosure
which will fit conven-
iently in vehicle. The
arrangement shown here
used 4 x 5 x 6 in. box.
Hide the unit as care-
fully as possible and
try to conceal wiring.
AUXILIARY BATTERY`-`"`--- ' - '

8 CELLS-4 CELLS
IN REAR
Open but K2 is locked in until the 60-second Construction. The complete unit, includ-
delay of K3 is completed. Then K2 is de - ing the 8 -cell auxiliary battery can be en-
energized and the alarm is reset. closed in a 4" x 5" x 6" box as shown
In mode C, K3 is never energized so that in rig. 2. The layout is not critical and
once KI is energized, K2 locks in and the can be changed to suit the space and
siren sounds continuously. mounting conditions of the car. The two
Diode DI prevents the auxiliary battery stud -mounted diodes tD1 and D.3) are
from discharging into the car's electrical mounted with insulating washers on a i's -
system when the car's battery voltage is inch aluminum panel that also holds the
below that of the auxiliary battery (during sockets for relays KI and K3. Switch Si
cranking interval). Diode D3 protects the should be connected to terminals 1 and 2
auxiliary battery from overcharge while D4 with No. 12 (or larger) wire and to ter-
keeps the car battery from holding Kl minals 3 and 4 with No. 16 wire.
closed after the arming switch is turned off.
Diode D.5 protects the contacts of K.3 from Installation. Hide the alarm unit as well
the inductive surge when K2 is de - as possible and disguise the wiring so that
energized. it looks like normal car wiring. The original
The eight rechargeable D cells in the car horns are not recommended for the
auxiliary battery can operate a 4 -ampere alarm because their location makes them
siren for about 15 minutes and should have very vulnerable. Two small sirens can pos-
a useful life of at least 50 discharge -charge sibly be hidden in different locations instead
cycles. The charging circuit through R2 of one large siren.
limits the charge current to 150 mA with To test the auxiliary battery, remove fuse
an alternator voltage of 14.5 .volts and Fl and turn on the alarm with the door
auxiliary battery voltage of 8.8. volts. \Vhen open.
the auxiliary battery is charged up to 12 The only part of the car's normal wiring
volts, the trickle current from the alternator that has to be changed is the single wire
is limited to about 35 mA. The fully charged than connects the battery to the headlight
auxiliary battery does not draw any current switch, ignition switch and fuse block. This
from the car's battery because the 0.6-volt wire can usually be found at the bulkhead
difference between the batteries is less than connector or tie point on the horn relay. The
the 1.5 -volt drop across Dl and D2. In a normal connections to the alternator voltage
discharged state of 8.8 volts, the auxiliary regulator and starter solenoid should
battery will charge at about 80 mA from remain on the battery side of the alarm
the car's battery alone. system. OO
JUNE 1972
53
"At ComSonics we encourage all
our technicians and engineers to
enroll with CREI. Know why?"
WARREN BRAUN, President, ComSonics Inc., Virginia Engineer Of The Year,
ASE International Award Winner, CREI Graduate
I'
./. t
-e
p-
,
' - é =
. b

Photographed of Coln Sonics. Inc.. Harrisonburg. Va.
in your present job and which relate to

your career objectives. CREI offers you
the opportunity to continue your educa-
tion throughout your working life.
Constantly Up -Dated Courses

Because of rapid changes in Elec-
tronics, CREI courses are constantly
being revised and up -dated by profes-
sionals who work in Electronics every
day. New developments are included as
quickly as they occur. Right now, CREI
students are getting the latest up-to-the-
minute information on such things as
} Cable TV, LSI chips, microminiaturization,
lasers and masers, telemetry systems,
servomechanisms, and data links. If it's
new in electronics, CREI-and you-will
know about it!
"As a CREI graduate myself, With the CREI program you study at
home. At your own pace. There are no Developed By Top Scientists
Iknow the advantages of their And Engineers
classes to miss, no work to make up. Each
home-study programs. CREI edu- lesson is explained in clear,easy-to-read
cation has proven an excellent tool of con- CREI maintains a full-time advisory
language. That's why many men do far faculty of some of the top names in Elec-
tinuing education for our employees and better in home study than they ever did
for me. And strongly believe in CREI's tronics. Each is a specialist in his own
I
in school...even if they've been out of field, an expert who plans and develops
ability to teach a man to learn indepen- school foryears.And the study habits they
dently and to use reference materials on CREI lesson material. After each expert
learn from CREI are sustained through submits his course plan, it is carefully re-
his own. life.
"As President of ComSonics,l see viewed and written by the CREI educa-
As a CREI student, you'll be assigned tional staff. Then each course is broken
changes taking place in our Electronics to an experienced instructor who will
business every day. We're in closed cir- down into individual lessons. And they
grade your assignments and offer con- make certain each lesson is clear and
cuit TV and acoustical engineering...and structive comments and criticism. If
pioneered in Cable TV. CREI gives my self-explanatory. Just the right length
there's a special problem, the instructor for easy understanding and effective
men the knowledge they need to work in will work with you until you understand it
new areas...CREI's new course in Cable study.
fully. You'll receive personal attention
TV is an example. The CATV industry is from your instructor because he deals How Can I Qualify?
expected to grow 250% in the next three with each student individually-as a class If you've read this far, your interest
years. know the opportunities in Cable
I
of one. in getting ahead in Electronics is evident.
TV. designed one of the first CATV sys-
I
Send for our famous book on how to pre-
tems in 1950. But technical advances are What Will I Learn? pare for tomorrow's jobs in Electronics-
constantly changing the field. And since the book that has helped thousands of
CREI's experts know most of what's going You'll be learning the latest in ad-
men just like you get ahead. For your free
on in all areas of Electronics, know that
I vanced technology, geared to specific
industry programs. Both theory ano prac- copy, simply mail postpaid card today.
CREI can give my men some of the im-
portant, specialized training they'll need tical material are presented to meet all Founded 1927
to maintain our position in Cable TV and phases of iob-related training needs. Accredited Member
our reputation in Electronics. of the National
CREI courses are written for the man Home Study Council
"We've interviewed many technicians who knows basic Electronics, but whose Free book tells you all about CREI pro-
and engineers for jobs in the past year advancement depends on keeping his grams. For your copy, mail coupon, post-
and had to reject them because their technical know-how current. You choose paid card or write: CREI, Dept. E1206C
knowledge is archaic and out-of-date. A what you want to learn. You study sub- 3939 Wisconsin Avenue, Washington, D.C.
man is of no value to us if he doesn't keep jects which help you grow and advance 20016
up-to-date."
Some of the biggest names in elec-
tronics buy CREI courses for their own CREI, A Division of the McGraw-Hill
employees. CREI students and graduates Continuing Education Company
prove themselves on the ¡ob. They move Dept. E1206C 3939 Wisconsin Ave.,
ahead of the pack by earning promotions Washington, D.C. 20016
and salary increases. Please mail me free book describing CREI
The Future Belongs To You Programs.
You've been in Electronics long I am interested in:aCollege Credits for CREI Study I
enough to know that the field is chang- oSpace ElectronicsoElectronic Engineering Technol-
ing more rapidly than ever. New indus- ogyoComputersolndustrial ElectronicsoNuclear En-
tries, like Cable TV, are born almost over- gineering TechnologyoElectronics Systems Engineer
ingoNontechnical Course in Computer Programming
-`.í`r
night. But surveys show that three out of
four men now working in Electronics oCATV Engineering
aren't technically qualified to work in Age
Name
these new areas. Clearly, the future will
belong to the man who gets the right edu- Address
cation now. City State Zip Code
Start Learning At Home Employed by
But what you learn depends on which Type of Present Work G I Bill
school you choose. Here's why CREI is APPROVED FOR TRAINING UNDER NEW G.I. BILL
among the best.
JUNE 1972 57
s
'Build a
rt!ofl[
wmplifie
PREPARING FOR FOUR CHANNEL?
YOU MAY WANT TO USE THIS PREAMP
BY JAMES BONGIORNO
ADVENT of four -channel stereo nel front end be of the best quality avail-
THE
need not necessarily obsolete your pres- able. In essence, what you need is a nois-
ent hi-fi system. Regardless of which four - free, distortionless, nonoverloading amplifier
channel system is finally agreed on as a that will follow the RIAA curve faithfully.
standard, we feel that it's a safe bet that The phono preamplifier whose schematic
the conventional two -channel front end will is shown in Fig. 1 (only one channel is
remain and the four-channel decoding will shown) comes as close to this "perfect" pre -
take place after this stage. Therefore, it is amp as the state of the art permits. It is vir-
more important than ever that the two-chan- tually impossible to overload this unit with
PARTS LIST JI,J2-Phono jack

Q1,Q3-2N4250 transistor
PREAMPLIFIER Q2 -2N5089 transistor
R I,R 14,R l6 -47,000 -ohm, 2% resistor
Components common to both channels: R2,R3-390-ohm, 10% resistor
C10 -68-µF, 3 -volt 20% tantalum capacitor R4-1-megohm, 10% resistor
D1,D2-1N914 diode R5 -62,000 -ohm, 5% resistor
R18-4.3,000 -ohm resistor R6-Selected (see text)
SI-Dpdt slide switch R7 -22,000 -ohm, 5% resistor
Duplicate components in each channel: R8,R17-470-ohm, 2% resistor
C1,C4-22-µF, 60 -volt, 20% tantalum capacitor R9 -681,000 -ohm, 1% resistor
C2-56-pF, 5% polystyrene capacitor R10-3900 -ohm, 5% resistor
C.3-.33-pF, 5% polystyrene capacitor RI1-2700-ohm, 5% resistor
C5 -0.47-µF, 100 -volt, 10% Alylar capacitor R12 -1000 -ohm, 10% resistor
C6-330-pF, 5% polystyrene capacitor R13-2.2-megohm, 1% resistor
C7-5600-pF, 2% polystyrene capacitor R15 -2200 -ohm, 1% resistor
C8-1650-pP, 2% polystyrene capacitor Note-For miscellaneous items and availabil-
(1500 a -'d 150 in parallel) ity of parts see Parts List for Power Sup-
C9-17-pP. 5% polystyrene capacitor ply. (All resistors are Vl watt.)
111
any cartridge presently available (at any
frequency). The gain at 1 kHz is 42 dB TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
(125 times) which means that even the Gain: 60 dB at 20 Hz, 42dB at 1kHz,
most sensitive of cartridges may be used. 23 dB at 20 kHz; all within 0.5 dB of
But along with this high gain, the noise RIAA.
level is 0.7 IN referred to the input (63 Gain with Microphone: within 0.5 dB
dB below 1 mV). Since some audio mea- from 20 to 20,000 Hz.
- laboratories state noise as so Sensitivity: 0.8 millivolts rms with 100
many á13's below 10 mV, this unit has a millivolts output.
Noise: 0.7 microvolts unweighted (RIAA
figure of -83 dB below 10 mV, which bandwidth referred to shorted input).
makes it a very quiet operator. Maximum Output before Clipping: 12
The output level is about 12 volts rms; volts rms, 20 to 20,000 Hz.
and below 4 volts output, the distortion is Input Overload: 13 mV at 20 Hz, 100 mV
just about immeasurable, rising to 0.1% at 1 kHz, 850 mV at 20 kHz.
at the 12 -volt output. This high level of Distortion: Unmeasurable at 1 -volt out-
output is available across the audio band- put, increasing gradually to about
width of 20 to 20,000 Hz. The feedback 0.2% at clipping.
loop maintains the frequency response flat to
within ±0.5 dB of the ideal RIAA curve.
There is also a switch to change the feed- both channels, with R18, CIO, Dl and D2,
back loop to provide a flat response for use and S1 common to both channels.
with an optional microphone input. The schematic of the power supply for
the amplifier is shown in Fig. 3. It would
Construction. The foil pattern shown in appear at first glance to be somewhat elab-
Fig. 2 covers both channels of a stereo pair. orate but it is essential that the system be
The component indications are the same for free of hum since the amplifier gain at 60
Fig. 1. This is the schematic for one channel of the preamp, except
for components, as mentioned in Parts List, that are common to both.
TO CHANNEL
I
8
-43V
RI8
R4 43K R5
IN8I4 IM 62K
(2)
T0
68yF 01
2N4250
03
2N 4250
R2 R3
39011 39011
C3 C5 RI2
33 pF .47yF I K
C2
56pF
C6
T30pF
t 22yF
C4
RI6
47K
*SEE TEXT
C7
5600 pF
1650pF
C8
PHONO
a
TO CHANNEL
8
MIC
JUNE 1972 59
IIz is almost 60 c113. For the same reason, Connect a do voltmeter between the junc-
transformer T1 is a fully shielded toroid. In tion of CS and R11 (negative) and ground
addition to the -43 volts used in the ampli- (positive) in one channel. Turn on the
fier, the supply also provides -47 volts for power and wait until the voltage being mea-
powering other circuits. The regulator will sured reaches a maximum-it will take a
handle up to 100 mA. The foil pattern and minute or inure. Temporarily connect a
component layout for the power supply are fixed resistor (between 50,000 and 80,000
shown in Fig. 4 on page 62. The printed ohms) where R6 is supposed to be in this
circuit hoards for power supply and pre- channel. The resistor should be such that
amp are available as mentioned in the the voltage being measured is as close as
Parts Lists. possible to -21.5 volts. Do the same for the
With only the power supply operating, other channel; then recheck the first chan-
connect a voltmeter between terminal K
and ground. The indicated voltage should
O
be -47 volts. If it is a little higher, connect
a 40,000 -to -6O,000 -ohm resistor across R23
to bring the voltage down to -47. If you
have a sensitive millivoltmeter, check to see
that the noise at this terminal is below 200
µV. There should be no ripple at all when
the output voltage of the supply is viewed
on a scope. .996Rs4
-9-0
1-I'
Q
°f
2
lll° °°
R2 3
R6
R4
R7
1
1111113 C7
pO° °Od
111fil
R
T
RI6 517
10111411-11111
RIO
R71
E°
Before mounting either the power supply 1
,5-°
oe111 .RIa
CIO 02
or the preamp in the chassis, interconnect

the two boards, with terminal L of the sup-
ply to terminal C of the preamp, and ter-
A
B
R2 3 44 (°°^ ° 1
RIO
1 11 le
minal j of the supply to B on the preamp. 1 1 C3-R9-0 C1
K
\ii.i11I11fl5Tr1 , V 12
.
°l111a1 5174C6
Y2 Cl R14,115 RI6
R) R6 R7 RS 13
Fig. 2. The foil pattern shown below
is for both channels of the preamp.
Component layout is shown at right. 4
CO . . . o
% .,% VYV
60
o
-47V
R19
430A
WNW. -43V
ón
225
R20
2K
5009F +
R23
6.2K
(SEE
TEXT)
C14 t
'10009F
C12 R24
109F 2.7 K
6N
GND AT PH ONO J
INPUT JACK ONLY
Fig. 3. The power supply circuit is

more elaborate than some but this is
JI I J2 essential to proper preamp operation.
PARTS LIST
í i
POWER SUPPLY
t `'` E---"'jL
HININIkg
1
CII-500-µF, 70 -volt electrolytic capacitor
C12 -10-µF, 16 -volt tantalum capacitor
C13 -10-µF, .35 -volt electrolytic capacitor
NON% C14-1000-0'. 50 -volt electrolytic capacitor
le TI
.: D3 -D6 -1N2070 diode
D7-16 -volt, l -watt, 2% zener diode
DUAL 11-I17 -volt neon lamp
}PREAMP Q4-2N5087 transistor
BOARD
Q5 -2N3053 transistor
R19-430 -ohm, 2 -watt, 5% resistor
R20-2000 -ohm, 10% resistor
R2I,R24-2700-ohm, 5% resistor
R22,R26-100,000-ohm, 20% resistor
i R23 -6200 -oho, resistor (see text)
C14 R25 -220 -ohm resistor
S01 -117 -volt chassis mount receptacle
TI --Shielded toroid transformer; 50V at 100
`_tiff . Q5 mA
Mi,c.-Pilot lamp holder, line cord, robber
TI feet, (4), suitable chassis (Bud CU-482),
heat sink for Q5 (Wakefield 296-4), ter-
R26 minal strip, mounting hardware, etc.
ALV_ Note-The following are available from
: -'r.-, Q Southwest Technical Products, 219 W.
l.
. Rhapsody, San Antonio, TX 78216: Trans-
former TI, #17221.1 for $13.00 plus post-
age and insurance for I lb.; preamplifier
II soh PC board, #LL118 for $3.15; power supply
PC board, #LL119 for $2.45; complete kit
Preamp board and power supply should of parts for $39.95. plus postage and insur-
not be mounted in chassis before con- ance for 5 lb.
ducting tests as described in text.
nel as the two are slightly interactive. Once common ground, making this the only chas-
both channels have 21.5 volts at the junc- sis connection. The ground wire to the pow-
tion of C5 and R1 1, solder in both RN's, er supply should be removed and a ground
When installing the amplifier board, use one wire run from the power supply point J to
of the input jack chassis connections as the the selected input jack.
JUNE 1972 61
o o o R220: o)
1 P73
1°
r I
5 CI7. 819
1 o
~°11 D4 D6
Cii
Mount the shielded transformer on the

R24
v _
p'J
.,
CI
.
D7:=,
.
,_
13 D5
-,.. it
chassis, and place the heat sink on tran-
sistor Q.5 of the power supply. The physical
arrangement of the other chassis compon-
ents and connectors is not critical.
Operation. To use the preamplifier in your

present stereo system, simply plug the turn-
table signal cables into the input jacks (J1)
and run the output jacks (J2) to the AUX
inputs of your amplifier. Don't forget to
phase all the ac plugs to get the lowest
hum. If you find that you need a ground
o CO on the turntable chassis, run a wire from it
Fig. 4. Except for T1 and components to the mounting screw closest to the pre-
in its primary, power supply is laid amplifier input jack that was selected as the
out (above right) on the board above. common ground.
' :
siii
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FREQUENCY, Hz
PROJECT EVALUATION the clipping level from the output is
14.7 volts, something of a record in our
HIRSCH-HOUCK LABORATORIES experience.
Distortion is really negligible, typically
The preamplifier does just about what 0.013 to 0.03% over most of the useful
the designer claims for it. Gain measure- range of the amplifier (even up to 10
ments, in general, were within 0.5 dB of volts output). The measurement of
the author's claims and show a loss of 0.31% at 125 millivolts output was part -
only 1.4 dB at 20 Hz relative to the ly hum and partly noise, but both were
extrapolated RIAA curve. Phono overload extremely low. The combined hum/noise
occurs at a very safe 110 millivolts, and output was about 100 microvolts.

I2s.) uawrxicrr ;
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JUNE 1972 63
MAC'S SERVICE SHOP
Single Sideband
for the CB'er
By John T. Frye, W9EGV, KHD4167
«11 A AC," Barney said to his employer work- and over again. I will not be surprised if
ingV at the bench beside him, "I want CB follows along much the same pattern in
to ask you about the olden days." the next few years."
"Do tell, Sonny," Mac answered, laying "I gather AM didn't give up easily."
aside the diddle stick he was using to adjust "You gather correctly. There was a great
a sound trap on the color chassis in front deal of bitterness and name calling whe
of him and affecting the cracked falsetto the first few SSB stations came on the air.
voice of old age; "how come and how AM operators sneeringly referred to the new
òlden'?" signals as `Donald Duck' and 'slop bucket'
"While I was eating at Burger Chef this modulation. The SSB boys retaliated with
noon, a young guy with a whip on his car scornful references to Àncient Modulation.'
noticed my ham call license plates and Each group accused the other of putting
pulled up beside me and began peppering out broad, interfering signals, and each
me with questions about the relative merits group deliberately interfered with the
of single sideband as compared to amplitude other."
modulation. He was an avid CB'er and was "Then the two types of modulation aren't
thinking of going SSB." very compatible."
"Well, you should have been a gusher of
information. After all, you're yakking it up Advantages of SSB. "Not very-at least
on SSI3 all the time." not on the ham bands when you're receiv-
"That's just the point. Hams had already ing unwanted SSB signals on an ANI re-
switched to SSB when I got my ticket. ceiver, and vice versa. But before we go
I've never operated anything but SSB and into the "why" of that, let's talk about the
a little FM on two meters. On the bands I claimed advantages of single sideband. The
work, you hear very few AM stations. I felt first is talk power, and this adds up to a
like the man who, when asked how his wife whopping 9 dB. Here's how.
was, answered `Compared to what?'" "A very efficient 5 -watt AM -CB trans-
"Did you confess you didn't know?" ceiver might produce a 4 -watt carrier with-
"Are you kidding? A ham never admits out modulation. On a panoramic receiver
ignorance to a CB'er. I told him I had to which displays r -f voltage on the vertical
get back to work but that I'd see him at the axis of a scope tube and frequency on the
same place tomorrow and give him the horizontal axis, this carrier would be a
scoop. I knew you have been an avid short- single vertical line rising from the base line
wave listener ever since you heard Marconi at the carrier frequency. We can adjust this
send his first message, and I figured you line to a convenient one -unit length with
could fill me in." the receiver controls. Now if we modulate
"Thanks a bunch! But aren't you taking this carrier 100% with a 1000-Hz sine wave,
a chance in asking a senile old man for we see two other vertical lines, each II unit
information? It just so happens, though, in length, spring up on either side of the
that I was listening during the time the big carrier signal at a distance of 1 kHz from
changeover from ANI to SSB occurred on it. The carrier line remains unchanged.
the ham bands, and I heard the pro and IIowever, if sve simultaneously examine the
con of both systems debated heatedly over modulated envelope of our signal, we find
64
To each hiiown.
Not everybody needs a concert grand piano, nor

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hi-fi system. Eventually, you'll want the renowned V-15 on his kind of
Type It Improved,
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Circle No. 37 on Reader Service Card
ii l.J R
JUNE 1972
65
v1_4_(- 1 Communications
Pr:P- o orb
111111111 Scene
By Richard Humphrey
the water around New York Following the guidelines laid down by
CRUISING
City from Long Island Sound to New the International Telecommunication
Jersey's Sandy Hook is an elite group of the Union's World Administrative Radio
City's Finest with its own vhf/FM Conference held in the fall of 1967 in
communications system. The system is Geneva, the FCC accomplished its task
separate from the New York Police by reducing the channel -spacing from 50
Department's radio network; and that kHz to 25 kHz. So there'd be no chance of
makes the NY PD Harbor Patrol Unit very "crosstalk" between channels it cut the FM
happy. "swing" from --15 kHz (the so-called
"wide -band FM") to --5 kHz
Restructuring the Bands. The Harbor ("narrow -band FM").
Patrol Unit's good fortune came about In the process, the two "guard" bands
when the Federal Communications on either side of channel 16 (156.8 MHz),
Commission was restructuring the vhf/FM the national distress, safety and calling
marine band and enlarging it from 18 frequency, became much too large. The
channels to 39. Fitting those 39 channels low -side guard band was changed from
into the same space in the radio spectrum 156.725-156.775 MHz to
formerly occupied by 18 channels was a 156.7625-156.7875 MIIz; the high -side
big problem for the FCC. from 156.825-156.875 MHz to
156.8125-156.8375 MHz. This meant that
channels 15 and 17-not used up to now
because of their proximity to channel 16
-were available for assignment.
Harbor The FCC, therefore, made channe 15
(156.75 \1Hz) an "environmental" channel
to be used for the broadcasting of weather
information, notices to mariners, local
Police: conditions, hazards to navigation and

other items of interest to mariners. This
was done with the intention that it would
Communi- eventually replace the 162.55 -MHz

Weather Bureau forecasting service as far
as the marine community was concerned.
Channel 17 (156.85 MHz) was designated
cations the "state control" channel for

"communications, other than Port
Operations, in the Maritime Mobile
Service on very high frequencies (vhf)
Afloat between coast stations, operated by a

government, other than Federal, boating
administration and ship stations in which
messages are restricted to those of
immediate concern and are related directly
MARK TEN
r4
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Superior Products at Sensible Prices CIRCLE NO. 15 ON READER
SERVICE CARD
to the regulation and control, or camera used to pinpoint hard-to-fincl
rendering of assistance." objects on the harbor's murky bottom.
It was this state control channel which
NYPD's Harbor Patrol Unit chose as the A Solid Coverage Area. To insure
backbone of its communications system. coverage area under its jurisdiction
Being responsible for the enforcement of -including the waters in Long island
the New York State Navigation Law, the Sound (from the Westchester County Line),
Federal Boating Act of 1958, marine New York Harbor, the North River up to
legislation in the Administrative Code and Spuyten Duyvil Creek and all navigable
Park Department regulations and waters to the New Jersey shore as well as
-presumably-the recently enacted two miles into the Atlantic Ocean and
Federal Boat Safety Act of 1971, the assorted lakes-the Harbor Patrol Unit
Harbor Patrol Unit is brought squarely has its transmitter/receiver atop one of
under the FCC requirements. To it they Manhattan's skyscrapers. The unit is
added channel 16 (which they monitor remotely controlled from the Randall's
continuously), channel 12 (156.6 MHz) Island station house.
and channel 6 (156.3 MHz). All eleven of the Harbor Patrol Unit's
Before June 1971, when the new system 50' twin diesel -powered launches are
went into, operation (the same time, equipped with 4 -channel vhf/ FM marine
incidentally, that the group was elevated radiotelephones as well as two-channel
from "precinct" status-the Harbor police -frequency transceivers. None of the
Precinct-to its present quasi -autonomous launches carries 2 -3 -MHz marine band
position as the Harbor Patrol Unit) the equipment nor does the Randall's Island
HPU had to make do with a disjointed and base. This might be regarded as a weak
frequently unsatisfactory communications point in the HPU's communications system
set-up. If its Randall's Island headquarters -as can the minimal 4 -channel coverage
wanted to contact one of its eleven launches of the 39 -channel vhf/FM marine band.
patrolling the ten "posts" in the waters However, in view of the Harbor Patrol
under its jurisdiction, it had to call the Unit's specialized operation and the fact
NYPD Communications Central at 240 that pleasure craft will be gradually
Centre Street in Manhattan by telephone, disappearing from the 2-3-NIHz band
then wait until one of the two police during the five-year transition period
frequencies was free before the message between January 1, 1972 and January 1,
could be relayed. 1977, it should serve at least for the time
Besides the drawback of having to use a being.
"third party" which usually wasn't familiar The need for a separate two-way network
with the Harbor Patrol Unit's operation is obvious when you consider the Harbor
(leading to fouled -up messages), there was Patrol Unit's work. Law enforcement
the added disadvantage that the summer occupies a small percentage of its case
boating months, when the HPU's case-load load. In 1970, for instance, the total of
was heavy and effective and fast out-and-out "police" cases-grand larceny,
communications were vital, constituted petit larceny, criminal mischief and the
exactly the same time of year when police like-came to only 199 while there were
activity ashore vas at its height. Hence, 580 search and rescue cases. In addition,
both "police" frequencies were unavailable there were 107 cases involving the recovery
to Harbor Patrol Unit traffic for long of bodies of which 23 were by grappling
stretches. an 1/or scuba divers. During the year the
"With our present responsibilities," says Harbor Patrol Unit rescued 106 persons in
Captain John Lowe, the Harbor Patrol distress. The total assignments for 1970
Unit's Commanding Officer, "it's extremely came to 2768.
important that we be able to talk directly The IIPU's involvement with search and
to our patrol craft. There are times when rescue promises to' be even closer from
minutes are vital." Lowe went on to cite now on. The first six months of 1971
instances where it was necessary to have a showed that there were already 495 search
quick interchange of ideas so that a and rescue missions among which were 37
decision could be made as to whether to use rescues and 315 cases of assistance to boats
some of the Unit's special equipment such which were disabled, adrift or sinking. In
as its remote -control underwater television addition, the Unit investigated 36 boating
accidents and was assigned to patrol 32 Since 1935
regattas and other special boating events.
T YMETER 937
"Time At A Glance"
Communications Is the Backbone. Along
'DIGITAL CLOCKS
with another expert in the field, the United
6
MADE IN U.S.A.
States Coast Guard, the harbor Patrol $16.50

Unit has found that communications is the Plus
/
backbone of search and rescue. Higher
echelon thinking in the NI PD evidently
$1.00
Postage
`5.
42
F '
echoes this philosophy. When the iIPU's
vhf/F\1 system went into operation in the
summer of 1971, it was decided to relieve
? t5
,20
S,,O 'i t
the group of some time-consuming land
duties so that it could focus full-time on
the 576 miles of New York City's
waterfront, the 146 square miles of
water under its jurisdiction and the
still -growing pleasure boat population. Its
responsibility for the Triboro Bridge was CLOCK MOVEMENTS
divided between the 114th Precinct #130..12 HOUR #131..24 HOUR
(Queens), the 25th Precinct (Manhattan)
DIGITS RESETTABLE INDIVIDUALLY
and the 40th Precinct (Bronx) Randall's
.
Available in 50, 60 cy., oil voltages, AC. UL
and Wards Islands went to the 25th approved motor, cord. One Year Guarantee.
Precinct, \Velfare Island to the 114th and Complete Line of Count -Up and
Count -Down Digital Computers
Rikers Island to the 40th.
CATALOG ON REQUEST
Basically, the Harbor Patrol Unit's use
of its vhf/FJM communications system goes PENNWOOD NUMÉCHR.ON CO.
TYM!TER ELECTRONICS
like this: channel 17 (156.85 MHz) is the .
7249 FRANKSTOWN_ AVE. PITTSBURGH, PA. 15208

one on which the majority of HPU traffic CIRCLE NO. 31 ON READER SERVICE CARD
is carried. This is a ship -to-coast only
channel, incidentally. Channel 16 (156.8
MHz), the national distress, safety and
calling frequency, is monitored
TIINER.SERVICE.
continuously by both the base station on
Randall's Island and all police launches.
VHF, UHF, FM or
.. IF Modules ..
All Makes
Channel 12 (156.6 MHz) serves as the
Harbor Patrol Unit's link with the Coast
Guard for routine (non -distress) traffic as
well as with other ship stations for the
-Vast it hr. Service!
operational handling, movement and
safety of vessels. "Ship", by -the -way, 1 YEAR GUARANTEE
means anything capable of being used as a VHF-UHF -FM $ 9.95
means of conveyance on the water, UV -COMB. $16.95
IF -MODULE $12.50
including pleasure craft according to the Major Parts charged at Net Price
FCC. Channel 6 (156.3 MHz) is used for P.T.S. is overhauling more tuners for
more technicians than any other
ship -to-ship only safety communications. tuner company in the world!
By now, the novelty of having its own LIKE TO DO IT YOURSELF?
1' Send one Dollar (redeemable) for our
two-way radio system has worn off although : 60 pages of top information
Operations Officer Sgt. John Murphy still TIMER REPLACEMENT GUIDE AND
PARTS CATALOG
occasionally calls the unit farthest from For fastest service, send faulty tuner with
Randall's island just to impress visitors. It tubes, shields and all broken parts to:
remains for the 1972 pleasure boating PTS ELECTRONICS, INC.

season to put the Harbor Patrol Unit's HOME OFFICE-
acúioR 710143 Sluice"
vhf/F\I network to the acid test. In any Box 272
WEST-
Bloomington. Intl. 47401 Tel. 812. 824.9331
Box 41354 Sacramento. Calif. 95841 Tel. 916. 482-6220
event, it's all a far cry from 1858 when 'a SOUTH-
Box 7332 IAngvle,v, Tex. 75601 Tel. 214. 753-4334
squad of patrolmen manned a fleet of five SOUTHEAST-
Box 8881 Jacksonville. Fla. 32205 Tel. 904. 389-9952
rowboats and did a lot of yelling at each EAST-
Box 3189 upringfield. Mass. 01103 Tel. 413. 134.2737
other. O lOUNTAIN-
Box .1245 Denver, Colo. 80204 Tel. 303. 2'4.2818
JUNE 1972 71
MOM
tl
[1921
. ,111.0141hQa
<1§i
e
ASO
1.,/ s4
41111
° =
.I`;t_
Jtri
This important job (and its big income)

is reserved for a qualified
electronics technician. It can be you!
It's a fact. There are thousands of jobs like this one bright future ... unlimited opportunity with lasting
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What's more, these men are going to be in even greater Cleveland Institute of Electronics courses have been
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first step? Learn electronics fundamentals ... develop a Read the important information on the facing page.
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and many other exciting new developments in this the details. But act now ... and get your high -paying
growth field. .Prepare yourself now for a job with a job just that much sooner.

How You Can Succeed In Electronics
...Select Your Future From Seven Career Programs
The "right" course for your career An FCC License ... or your money back!
Cleveland Institute offers not one, but seven different and The CIE courses described here will prepare you for the FCC
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A comprehensive program covering CIE's AUTO -PROGRAMMED' Lessons help
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Video Systems, Monitors, FM Stereo
Multiplex, Color Transmitter Opera-
tion and Remote Control.
3. First Class FCC License

If a 1st Class FCC ticket is your goal,
'14A
[s)lN.'
-I
4
Motorola, Penn Central Railroad, Raytheon, RCA, Westing-
house and Xerox to name a few.
.
CIE Lessons are continually up -dated.

All lesson books and materials from CIE are continually
revised or replaced according to the current needs of indus-
ry and the rapidly advancing and changing state of the art.
this streamlined program will do the New Revised G.I. Bill Benefits:
trick and enable you to maintain
and service all types of transmitting All CIE courses are approved for full tuition refund
equipment. under the new G.I. Bill. If you served on active duty
since January 31, 1955, OR are in service now with
more than 180 days active duty, check box on reply
4. Electronic Communications card or coupon to get latest G.I. Bill information.
Mobile Radio, Microwave and 2nd
Class FCC preparation are just a few CIECleveland Institute of Electronics
of the topics covered in this "com- 1776 East 17th Street. Cleveland,Oh,o44114
pact" program. Highly recommended
for jobs with telephone companies. card had been remfived, mail this'eodpin fort FREÉ BOOKS-
Cleveland Institute of Electronics
5. Industrial Electronics 1776 East 17th Street, Cleveland, Ohio 44114
& Automation Please send me without cost or obligation:
1, Your full -color book, "Succeed in Electronics."
This exciting program includes many t ° - -
2. Your book on "How. To Get a Commercial FCC License."
important subjects such as Com- I am especially interested in:
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Welding, Industrial Controls, Servo- Technology Engineering Communications
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with Laboratory Electronics Engineering
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A college -level course for men (please print)
already working in Electronics... as
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l Address
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I
City State 7ip
and Circuitry, Pulse Techniques, Veterans & Servicemen:
check here for G.I. Bill information.
Computer Logic and Mathematics PE -31
Accredited Member National Home Study C.runeil.
through Calculus. - t

JUNE 1972 75
Product
Test Reports
TELEX MODEL CS -7 COMMUNICATIONS HEADPHONES
(A Hirsch -Houck Lab Report)
Telex
1320 series of communication
THE
Headphones employs highly sensitive
drivers which are designed to he impervious
to temperature and humidity and to have
closely controlled operating characteristics. 1;*
The earpieces are molded of a high -impact
ABS plastic similar to that used in tele-
phones. The Mylar cone drivers are pro-
tected by a stainless steel grille. The remov-
able vinyl covered ear cushions are filled
with polyurethane foam. The 6' straight
cord is fitted with a molded plastic phone
plug and attaches to the earpiece with a
molded connector. The connector is locked
into plaice with a pin which can easily be
removed to facilitate on -the -spot field re-
placement of the cord. The adjustable head-
band is made of vinyl -padded stainless
steel.
The series 1320 phones are avail-
able with either single or dual earpieces and
with or without carbon or dynamic micro-
phones on adjustable booms mounted on the cation of usable response of 20 to 20,000
left earpiece. \Ve tested the Model .CS -7, a IIz is a justifiable claim.
dual earpiece headphone without the micro- At a drive level of 3 volts rms (corres-
phone attachment. ponding to 15 milliwatts), the acoustic out-
The nominal impedance of the CS -7 put had a harmonic distortion content of
phones ís specified as 600 ohms; our mea- 3 percent at 400 Hz. Although we did not
surements revealed a constant impedance of attempt to measure the actual acoustic out-
approximately this figure from 20 Hz to put with this drive level, the resulting listen-
10,000 IIz. It increased to 800 ohms at ing volume was very high-somewhat loud-
about 20,000 I-Iz. The frequency response, er, in fact, than we would normally care to
measured with our nonstandard "artificial use.
ear" coupler setup, was very similar to that In a rough sense, we can relate the char-
of a number of moderately priced stereo acteristics of the Telex CS -7 phones to those
headphones in the $20 to $40 range which of several popular stereo headphones. In a.
we tested in the past. It extended from 20 general, its frequency response and smooth-
Hz to 15.000 Hz (the upper limit of our ness are quite comparable to those of typical
microphone calibration) with the normal ir- medium-priced phones, and its efficiency is
regularities one experiences with coupler higher than average, by as much as 10 dB
measurements of earphone response. \Ve at middle and low frequencies. It is com-
would judge that the manufacturer's specifi- fortable to wear, with snug fitting ear cush-
ions and a weight of only one pound. Acous- proved quality on SSB signals. It also made
tic isolation from outside noises appears to the hitherto) cannot ced audio burn in the
he about average when compared with ste- receiver only too audible. In this case, the
reo headphones which also use padded or hum was not really objectionable, but many
liquid-filled ear cushions. receivers have considerable audio hum, re-
\Ve used the CS -7 phones with two com- lying on the speaker or headphone low-fre-
munication receivers. In both cases, the lis- quencv cutoff to attenuate and damp it out.
te ling volume was more than adequate, and Using the CS -7 phones with such a receiver
the phones were comfortable over long lis- is akin to using wide -range loudspeakers
tening periods. Comparing their sound re- with a very inexpensive amplifier-the de-
production quality to that of the military ficiencies of the source are faithfully repro-
surplus phones we had been using, the im- duced!
proved bass response of the CS -7 was The list price of the Telex Model CS -7
immediately apparent in the form of im- communication headphones is $29.95.
AUDIOTEX MODEL 30-5104 SPEAKER SYSTEM

(A Hirsch -Houck Lab Report)
a two-way design employing an 8" woofer

and a 3" cone -type tweeter. The crossover
frequency is unspecified. The 8 -ohm system
is designed for a maximum power rating of
25 watts,
Lab Tests. In our multiple microphone

frequency response measurement, the Au-
diotex speaker system had a surprisingly
smooth output over most of the audible
frequency range. Between 250 IIz and 1:.5 -
000 Hz, the output varied by only ±3.5
(113, which would be a creditable achieve-
ment for far more expensive speaker sys-
tems. However, one of the obvious com-
promises in the system's design is the sacri-
fice made in the bass performance. The re-
sponse of the system fell off be ow 150 Hz,
and was down 10 dB at 70 IIz relative to
the midrange level.
The low -frequency power handling abil-
ity is also limited. The distortion, normally
low beyond 150 IIz, climbed rapidly to 5
A SPEAKER system designer faces sever- percent at 135 IIz and to 14 percent at
al possible trade-offs between size, 120 IIz. These measurements were made at
weight, efficiency, power -handling ability, a 1 -watt drive level. The impedance of the
frequency response (particularly at the low- system was between 7 and 15 ohms over
er bass frequencies), and price when put- most of the frequency range, rising to a
ting together a practical system. No speak- maximum of 22 ohms at the system's res-
er system can excel in all of the above men- onant frequency of 100 Hz. The tone -burst
tioned areas; few are outstanding in more response was uniformly good over the entire
than a couple of them. The Audiotex Mod- useful range of the speaker system.
el 30-5104 speaker system, manufactured in Our tests showed which operating param-
Japan and marketed in the U.S. by GC eters had not been sacrificed in the final
Electronics Division of Ilvdrometals, Inc., system design. The efficiency of the Audio-
is an excellent illustration .of one approach tex speaker system, for example, is high
to the design problem. compared to many other compact systems.
This speaker system, measuring l5r x In fact, over most of the useful frequency
931" x 9" and weighing only 9 II) 10 oz, is range, it is about 10 dB more efficient than
JUNE 1972 77
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FREQUENCY RESPONSE
_- '!p:.i::::x::19III;Ê
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SPEAKER
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20 50 100 200 500 Ik 2k 5k 10k 20k
FREQUENCY -Hz
1111-4111
G -C SPEAKER
BASS DISTORTION
(I WATT)
ccw_4 Vii__..
-iu
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.7:41r
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Response and distortion curves for Audiotex 30-5104. Photo of tone burst is at right.
are other similarly priced small speaker ably less at very low frequencies. Our im-
systems we have tested in the past. mediate impression, once we had compen-
Although the foregoing could be inter- sated for the considerably louder sound
preted to mean that the Audiotex speaker from the Audiotex system, was of a clean,
system produces 10 dB more volume somewhat projected sound character with a
for a given driving power (which it does), rather thin bass. The receiver's loudness
it is more realistic to view it as requiring compensation, however, was able to restore
only one -tenth as much driving power as a satisfactory balance, especially at the low -
most other compacts for the same volume volume control settings made possible by
level. The Audiotex system is not intended the system's high efficiency. The compari-
for loud playing, but it will do a fine job at son speaker could play as loud as the Audio-
normal listening levels in average sized tex, but only with the volume control nearly
rooms. Because of its efficiency and limited all the way up.
low -frequency output, it can be driven ef- As part of a budget -priced music system
fectively by some of the least expensive re- or as an extension speaker system, the Au-
ceivers and amplifiers which \could be un- diotex 30-5104 could be a logical and satis-
suitable for use with the usual inefficient fying choice. An excellent application would
"bookshelf" speaker system. be for the rear speaker systems in a four -
channel stereo setup where their high effi-
User Comments. We compared the ciency can be an advantage and the low
Audiotex speaker system in an A-B fashion frequency and power limitations would be
to other small speaker systems selling at or partially offset by the :3 -dB lower level drive
slightly higher in price than the 30-5104. supplied to the rear speaker systems.
The signal source was a low-cost receiver, The Audiotex 30-5104 speaker system
selling for, less than $175, which delivered comes housed in a walntt-finished enclo-
about 10 watts per channel and consider - sure. Selling price is $49.95.
TRIPLETT MODEL 990 MAINTENANCE IN A CASE

YOU lug around a suitcase full of test equipment has been damaged during trans-
IFinstruments when going on service calls, port, take heart. At a cost of
$221, Triplett
only to discover that you are missing an is now distributing their "maintenance in a
important part or that a delicate piece of case" Model 990 industrial test instrument
lab which can be used to make fast and
accurate measurements of voltage, current,
resistance, output level in decibels, rota- Technical
tional speed in rpm, and temperature.
The versatile lab consists of a Model 900 excellence
multimeter which has special temperature,
d13, and rpm scales in addition to the usual
complement of ' oltage, current, and resis-
in electronics
tance scales. Complete with its own leather On our small, friendly campus
carrying handle, the multimeter also the emphasis is on Living as
features a fast -acting overload prctection well as Learning. Extra -curric-
circuit. ular social activities, student
A Model 901 tachometer/generator is clubs, a student operated radio
supplied to provide the VO\1 with the station, student government,
capability of measuring rotational speed new dormitory and a full sports
between 0 and 500 rpm in one range and program help provide a world
between 0 and 5000 rpm in a second of your own in which to prepare
range. A rubber tip on the tachometer/gen- for tomorrow. Associate Degree
erator is held in firm contact with the center in Engineering Electronics. B.S.
of the rotating part; the speed of rotation obtainable. G.I. approved.
is then an indication of pointer swing on
the special rpm scale of the multimeter.
Virtually any type of rotating machinery-
including motors and blowers-can provide
an rpm indication with this tach/generator-
VO\I combination. VALPARAISO TECHNICAL INSTITUTE
Dept. PE, Yellowstone Trail, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383

r
am,
from Olson
ANOTHER SUPERB VALUE
Electronics
ONLY
Iglll(III $200 DELUXE

CLOSED CIRCUIT
TV CAMERA
Nothing keeps your family or businessas safe as
closed circuit TV. Now it's priced to fit every budget.
Easily connects in minutes to any TV set so that
you can see what's happening. Complete with nothing
else to buy.
Olson Electronics, Dept. I6, 260 S. Forge St.,
Akron, Ohio 44308
The temperature probe can he used for o I enclose $200, plus $1 for postage and handling.
air, liquid, or surface temperature measure- Send me the TV -132 Closed Circuit TV Camera.
ments in two ranges: -50° F to +100° F o Send me the next seven issues of the Olson
and +40° F to +300° F. This probe is Catalog, without cost or obligation. FREE
used to measure the operating temperature Name
of any type of equipment, inlet and outlet Address
temperatures of furnaces and air condi- City
tioners. State Zip
A Model 10 clamp -on ammeter adapter L J
JUNE 1972 79
is provided in the Model 990. It is used to problems were encountered in using any
measure ac current flowing through a wire of the devices supplied nor in inter-
without having to break the conductor to preting any of the multimeter scales with
insert the meter into the circuit. A Model the specific sensing devices used.
101 line separator is also provided to sepa- In our bench tests, we used the tempera-
rate one conductor of two -conductor cables ture probe to check warm semiconductors
so that the Model 10 clamp -on can be used and heat sinks. The ac ammeter section was
in two -conductor cable systems. Model 611 used to check the rated current (converted
leads are used to connect the clamp -on to watts) of various electrical appliances,
ammeter to the multimeter. And a do cur- while the de portion was used for checking
rent shunt is provided to extend the current the current consumption of several elec-
measuring capabilities to 100 amperes with tronic items-among them an audio ampli-
only a 250 -mV drop. fier and a shortwave receiver. in A -B checks
EIaving just about all of the test equip- between the Model 990 and several other
ment in one padded case (see photo) special-purpose test instruments, we judged
certainly eases th ngs from a physical view- that the former provides reasonably good
point. As far as use is concerned, we found to excellent accuracy in all modes of opera-
that the package does a good job. No tion.
LEADER INSTRUMENTS MODEL LFC-943

TV FIELD STRENGTH METER
raw struments. This extremely easy -to -use

instrument covers the entire vhf/uhf TV
range from channe 2 through channel 83.
..rC. W )
, tV FoéiER,
41111 srrssti It indicates signal strength in both decibels
and microvolts from -40 to +60 d13 (10 µV
. i
to 1V) on the vhf channels and from -30
.
re, 40 IF to +40 dB (31.6 µV to 100 mV) on the uhf
channels.
The user hooks up the antenna, coupler,
things one hooks up to the antenna or amplifier to be checked to the antenna
THE
terminals of a television receiver deter- input terminals on the test set; tunes the
mine the quality of the picture which will channel selector in the test set to the ap-
appear on the screen. The list of hookup propriate station (an internal audio system
items includes the orientation and direc- allows the sync buzz to be heard to aid in
tional characteristics of the antenna, the peaking the tuning); and observes the
performance of any boosters used, the level movement of the meter pointer. A set of
of the incoming signals from IATV and attenuators can be switched into the circuit
CATV outlets, and the performance of as needed to produce a usable meter indica-
multi -receiver antenna signal splitters. On tion. The final signal strength is then the
the other hand, how does one compare the meter pointer indication plus the value of
effective "pickup" of the various types and the switched -in attenuators.
sizes of antennas on the market, assuming An earphone is provided for using the
that there is a choice to be made? There is, LFC-943 in areas where the ambient noise
of course, the guess-which -is -better routine is high. A neck strap, also provided, allows
in which you change antennas while com- hands -free operation, permitting the user to
paring results. But this means that you have make mechanical adjustments on the
to remember what the previous antennas, antenna or electrical adjustments on an
boosters, and amplifiers produced in the amplifier or coupler/splitter system. A
\vay of usable signal. switch position is provided for testing the
Now there is an easy way out of the internal batteries.
selection dilemma for the specialist who The LFC-943 is essentially a narrow
handles all types of antennas and signal band TV receiver. For the vhf hand, the
transmission systems. All he needs is the signal is applied through switchable atte lu-
battery -powdered Model LFC-943 field ators to the vhf tuner. A four -stage solid-
strength meter available from Leader In - state i -f amplifier then drives a diode
detector whose rectified output current
drives the meter movement, calibrated in CONTROLLED
terms of dB and µV. For audible QUALITY
monitoring, an internal audio system is used
to drive either an internal speaker or an
CRYSTALS by f"
earphone, either of which can be switched
in as desired.
In the uhf configuration, the input to the CRYSTEK
uhf terminal drives a conventional solid-
state uhf tuner whose output is coupled The "On -Channel" Crystals
through the attenuator network to the vhf FOR
tuner where it is applied in the conventional CITIZEN BAND
uhf position. The remaining circuitry is the 23 Channels and "Mars"
same as in the vhf configuration.
Operating power is derived from eight C HAM OPERATORS
cells; and a transistorized voltage regulator
converts the incoming 12 volts to a constant Commercial 2 -Way
9 -volt output.
We used the LFC-943 field strength Marine Monitor
meter to check a number of multi -set split- See your Distributor for Speedy
ters and a few antennas. We were surprised "Zip Certificates"
to note the differences in output levels
between the splitters, with some having
surprisingly high losses scattered across the
TV band. Other splitters were found to be
'CflYSiEK
reasonably flat across the band. formerly Texas Crystals
Div. of Whitehall Electronics Corp.
1000 Crystal Drive 4117 W. Jefferson Blvd.
Circle No. 68 on Reader Service Card Fort Myers, Florida 33901 Los Angeles, California 90016

MURA "THERMY"
51st
*
TEMPERATURE PROBE
° Our
g7
NE of the more common problems one 1.00
I
e lcounters when working with transis-
tors-especially the medium- and high-
power types-is knowing how hot a transis-
tor should get s hen operated properly and Ar-5? Your One Dependable
how hot it can get when operated improper- Source For
ly. Most of us merely place a fingertip on the
Everything In
case of the transistor and take a wild guess .50
at how hot it is, basing our guesses on how Electronics
long we can keep our fingertip there. Most
transistor specification sheets supply-in
addition to electrical operating parameters
-the correct operating and maximum tem-
L-LAF-AY ET
1972 CATALOG 720
r
peratures. Even so, a fingertip is hardly a 4 -Channel Stereo Equipment Cartridge and Tape
re iable temperature probe. And who ever Players CB Gear PA Systems Tools Cameras
Musical Instruments
Auto Accessories Books
heard of a calibrated guess? and Amplifiers
Having worked with bulb thermometers
and a couple of home -built thermistor Lafayette Radio Electronics Dept. 35062
P.O. Box 10, Syosset, L.I., N.Y. 11791
temperature sensors, we are fully aware of
their shortcomings. Consequently, we wel- Send Me the Free 1972 Catalog 720 35062
come the appearance of the Mura "Therm),"
Name
temperature sensor adapter. This device is
Address
designed to be used in conjunction with
City
virtually any ohmmeter von have. Its tem-
State Zip
perature measuring range goes from a low
end temperature of -60° F to a top end of CIRCLE NO. 25 ON READER SERVICE CARD
JUNE 1972 81
400° F; translated into engineering and
scientific terms, the temperature range is
from -50° C to 200° C.
After plugging the Thermy into the ohm-
meter, the user merely touches the 1'S" -
long probe -like tip to. the surface whose
temperature is to be measured. He then
notes the resistance indicated tm the ohm-
meter scale and uses the indication to look
up the exact temperature on the chart
attached to the probe handle. In essence,
the temperatures measured by the Thermy
are a function of the ohms scale you are
using. Also, the reaction time of the adapter
is fairly good, stabilizing quite rapidly after
probe -to-surface contact is made. Accuracy
). tM
>nL.. `'"..
.
y,}4pn
of measurement is also pretty good.

The Thermy is supplied with a 3' cable ben»
.
and a snap -cover case and the price, includ-
ing case, is $14.95.
KURZ-KASCH AUTO-PROBE
VODI takes a Clive for the hard concrete
pavement. Scratch one once -useful meter.
If you have to make a number of elec-
trical checks in and around your vehicle or
trailer, Kurz-Kasch, Inc., would like you to
know about their handy "Auto -Probe" tester
which they sell for $4.99. Looking like
a shirtpocket pencil flashlight, the Auto -
Probe has. a sharp test tip (for getting
through wire insulation without having to
break the circuit) at one encl. Out of the
other end comes a 40" flexible wire ter-
minated in an alligator clip.
Two Indicator Lamps. Behind the trans-

lucent cap at the test típ e id of the Auto -
Probe is a pair of small incandescent lamps,
one white and the other red. When the
lead is clipped onto chassis ground via the
metal vehicle frame, touching the probe tip
13'- to a "hot" lead causes the red lamp to light.
If the probe tip is touched to anv point at
chassis ground, however, the white lamp
WHEN we have to check out the various comes on. On the other hand, if contact is
electrical circuits in our motor vehicles made to a disconnected wire, neither lamp
-cars, boats, motorcycles, airplanes, or comes on.
farm tractors-what usually happens is out The Auto -Probe's circuitry is contained in
comes our trusty VOM and we set to work. a sturdy chrome steel case measuring ;%"
Unfortunately, in some cases while under- in diameter and 6" long. Also contained in-
going the inevitable acrobatics under the side the housing is a pair of AA cells which
dashboard or under the hood and balancing provide power to the tester.
the meter in precarious places, most of The Auto-Probe is available in a 12 -volt
which are not level, tragedy strikes as the negative or positive ground model.
82
TV SIGNAL SPLITTER Amonitor receiver
thout a- professional
BY C. R. LEWART monitor antenna is
like a kite without
circuit shown here provides a simple
THE
means of connecting two or more TV sets a tail:
to a common antenna. Besides providing ex-
cellent separation, and a good terminating
impedance to the antenna lead-in, the cir-
cuit may also be used for mixing or distribut-
ing r -f signals at other than TV frequencies. Mobile or base
Want the high performance

you paid for? Choose a professional
A/S monitor antenna. Over
300/1 20 models, one for your exact need.
ANTENNA Let us send our catalog.
the antenna
specialists co.
ANT }SET 2
Div. of alien Electric 8 Equipment Co.
ISET 12435 Euclid Avenue Cleveland, Ohio 44106
3
}SETI IT'S EASY TO ASSEMBLE

}SE T2
A SCHOBER ORGAN
RECITAL
ANT L_ *$1850
» LL SET 3 'Includes easy to
assemble walnut
}SET4 console klt. (Only
$1575 if you build
your own console.)
Amplifier, speaker
The two -set splitter consists of three system, optional
equal -valued resistors, each selected to match accessories extra.
the impedance of the lead-in. The three You couldn't touch an organ like this in a store for less than
resistors, together with the impedance of the $4,000-and there never has been an electronic instrument
with this vast variety of genuine pipe -organ voices that you
lead-in, form a \Vheatstone bridge. Each TV can add to and change any time you like! If you've dreamed
of the sound of a large pipe organ in your own home, you'll
set will "see" a 300 -ohm impedance, and be more thrilled and happy witi a Schober Recital Organ
will be isolated from the other sets. Assum- than you could possibly imagine-kit or no kit.
You can learn to play it. And you can build it, from Schober
ing that the input impedance of the TV sets Kits, world famous for ease of assembly without the slightest
knowledge of electronics or music. Highest praise from
is close to 300 ohms, the lead-in cable will musicians everywhere.
see an impedance of 300 ohms, and thus be Send right now for the full -color Schober catalog, con-
taining specifications of all five Schober Organ models,
perfectly terminated. The electrical loss in beginning at $499.50.
the circuit is 6 dB.
To supply three, four, or more TV sets, The'e92ChO9v&h Organ Corp., Dept. PE -43
the diagram also shows how a number of 43 West 61st Street, New York, N.Y. 10023
Please send me Schober Organ Catalog and free
splitters may be interconnected. For four 7-inch "sampler" record.
TV sets, losses will be 12 dB, for eight sets Enclosed please find $1.00 for 12 -inch L.P. record of
Schober Organ music.
18 dB, etc. For three TV sets, one will have
NAME__
only 6 dB with 12 dB for the other two.
ADDRESS
These losses compare with the approximate
7IP
4331 dB for a coil -type TV signal splitter. 0
CITY STATE
JUNE 1972 83
Test Equipment
Scene
By Leslie Solomon, Technical Editor
HE backbone of all instruments used for diodes, the complete solid-state 7 -segment
measuring voltage, current, and resistance readout came into being. \Vith their lower
always used to be the familiar analog or power requirements and small size, they
moving-pointer meter, usually having a have led to the development of really
number of different scales. With the portable, high -quality, and reasonably
development of the gas-discharge readout priced instruments.
tube, a new breed of test instrument came In the not -too-distant future, we shall
into being. Gone was the need for scale most likely see the use of liquid crystal
interpolations, and gone were the nonlinear readouts with an even greater reduction
and crowded meter scales that made in power requirements.
accurate reading difficult. The readout tube There are, at present, two types of
also led to the creation of an easy -to -use digital-readout instruments: the multi -meter
Irequencv pleasuring device or counter. that, in various configurations, measures ac
In the early days, the gas -discharge and do voltage, current, and resistance; and
readouts were driven by vacuum -tube the frequency meter (which may also
circuits. Thus, the first digital instruments include event counting).
were rather bulky and expensive and were Two methods of creating time bases for
found only in research labs. With the digital instruments are used. The first has
introduction of the transistor, these the commercial power line as the frequency
instruments came down both in size and reference, and the other has a
price, and were more commonly available. crystal -controlled oscillator used as a clock.
Then along came the digital IC. It was this Because the power line frequency can
event that rapidly led to the many various wander somewhat from the nominal 60
new types of digital instruments we see in Hz, accuracy beyond ?h or 3 digits is
present catalogs. The single -plane always in doubt. With a crystal oscillator
7 -segment display was soon developed. approach, the clock frequency is always
With more 'advanced semiconductor very close so that the timing interval is
techniques, especially in light-emitting. excellent and accuracy' can be maintained
to many decimal places.
The accuracy of most digital instruments
Digital is expressed as a percentage of the

indication and usually ranges from 0.1%
to 0.001%. In most cases, the last digit in
frequency counters is always in doubt by
Instruments: i -I count.
The DVM. Digital voltmeters are
essentially special-purpose frequency
What,Why counters because the input voltage is

converted into a proportional number of
pulses which are counted. This can be clone
in a number of ways; direct
84
and Who voltage-to -frequency conversion is the
simplest. In this approach, the input voltage
controls the frequency of a ABOUT YOUR
voltage -controlled oscillator. The oscillator
is gated on and off with a known gate time, SUBSCRIPTION
and the number of pulses passed during
Your subscription to POPULAR ELECTRONICS IS
this period is displayed on the readouts. maintained on one of the world's most modern,
Another approach is to start up a efficient computer systems, and if you're like 99%
known -frequency oscillator and when the of our subscribers, you'll never have any reason
unknown input voltage is at the same level to complain about your subscription service.
We have found that when complaints do arise,
as an internally generated ramp, the the majority of them occur because people have
oscillator is stopped. The number of written their names or addresses differently at
oscillator pulses fed to the readouts is different times. For example, if your subscription
were listed under "William Jones, Cedar Lane,
arranged to represent the actual value of
Middletown, Arizona," and you were to renew it
the input voltage. as "Bill Jones, Cedar Lane, Middletown, Arizona,"
Digital multimeters are usually specified our computer would think that two separate sub-
in terms of strange numbers like "21" or scriptions were involved, and it would start send-
"31" digits. A 21 -digit instrument has ing you two copies of POPULAR ELECTRONICS each
month. Other examples of combinations of names
two complete decades (0-9) and a single that would confuse the computer would include:
"l" on the left side. This type of instrument John Henry Smith and Henry Smith; and Mrs.
can indicate to 1.99, 19.9, or 199 units; Joseph Jones and Mary Jones. Minor differences in
while the 31 -digit type can indicate 1.999, addresses can also lead to difficulties. For exam-
ple, to the computer, 100 Second St. is not the
19.99, 199.9, or 1999 units. All digital same as 100 2nd St.
instruments are equipped with an So, please, when you write us about your sub-
"overrange" indicator to signal \\ hen the scription, be sure to enclose the mailing label
from the cover of the magazine-or else copy your
capacity of the display has been exceeded. name and address exactly as they appear on the
\Vhen this indicator comes on, it is a signal mailing label. This will greatly reduce any chance
to reset the instrument to the next higher of error, and we will be able to service your
range. Many instruments also include request much more quickly.
automatic polarity indication, and
automatically adjust the decimal point to
the correct place depending on the range.
As with analog multimeters, always make
sure that the DVM you select has a high
T1egalueSound
input impedance to avoid loading the
circuit under test. To have a negligible
at extra-green savings!
effect on circuit loading, the input CTS Hi -Fi Stereo Speakers put pure sound
impedance must exceed the measured load in the enclosure you build-at factory -to -you
impedance by at least a factor of 10" where prices.
N is the number of digits in the display. Of
FREE BROCHURE lists five CTS FUTURA
speaker systems from 140-15,000 Hz to 40-
course, the sensitivity of the instrument 20,000 Hz. Leading manufacturers use them.
must he such that it will work with the Enclosure specs, crossover values and
expected signal level. hook-up schematics make it easy for you!
Mail coupon!
Frequency Counter. An electronic
DO IT YOURSELF!
frequency counter compares (gates) an CUT OUT r"'
unknown frequency against a known time HIGH SPEAKER COSTS!
interval and presents the results on the
digital readouts. In some instruments,
11~ MN I
provisions are also made for period rCTS of Paducah, Inc.
measurements. In this approach, an Dept. PE
unknown time period gates on a know n 1565 North 8th Street
Paducah, Ky. 42001
frequency oscillator, with the results
i want true-blue sound at extra -green
displayed. I
savings-send Hi -Fi Stereo Speaker

Most frequency counters come with Catalog.
whole -digit display and include an Name
overrange indicator. Frequency ranges are i
Address
from about Hz to about 35 NIIIz.
1
City State Zip
However, front-end scalers are available to
enable the counter to reach about 175 MHz. CIRCLE NO. 11 ON READER SERVICE CARD
JUNE 1972 85
There are three main sources of errors in current ranges from 100 µA to 1 ampere;
a frequency counter. These are a ±-1 count and six resistance ranges to 10 megohms.
ambiguity, time-base instability, and trigger All ranges are overload protected. Besides
error noise. The -±1 count ambiguity occurs an overrange indicator, this instrument also
because the input pulses and the time base has automatic polarity indication, and is
are normally not synchronized. The larger one of the few digital instruments that can
the number of events counted, the less the operate from built-in batteries.
error, and this explains why long gate times The Weston Model 1250 frequency
result in higher accuracy in frequency counter ($395) uses a full five -digit,
measurements. Time base instability is solid-state display and has a frequency
usually due to power line frequency response from 5 Hz to over 32 MHz in four
fluctuations (when this method of gating is ranges. Sensitivity is 250 mV rms, and
used), or crystal drift when using th_s type input impedance is 1 megohm. It uses a
of oscillator as the gate time source. 1 -MHz crystal -controlled oscillator as the
Trigger error is due to the fact that the clock. This bench instrument also provides
counter cannot tell the difference between a a 1 -MHz pulse output at TTL levels for
real signal and noise mixed with the signal. use in testing external logic circuits. It also
has leading zero suppression.
Who Makes What. Following are some Weston's Model 4440 digital multimeter
examples of the less expensive digital ($285) has 31 digits of readout, is line or
instruments: Heath Company INI-102 battery operated, and weighs less than 21
digital multimeter ($229.95 in kit form) is pounds. Some features are: automatic
a 311-digit instrument using a dual -slope polarity indication, leading zero
integrator that does not depend on a stable suppression, and complete overload
clock for accuracy. With an input protection. It covers ac and do voltages
impedance in excess of 1 megohm on ac from 200 mV to 1000 V with a 10-megohm
and 100 megohms on dc, this unit has 5 ac input impedance, ac and de current to
and 5 de voltage ranges from 200 mV to 199.9 µA, and resistance from 200 ohms
1000 V; 5 ac and 5 dc current ranges from to 2 megohms. A battery position is also
200 µA to 2 amperes; and 6 resistance included. The unit can be operated from
ranges to 20 megohms. Accuracy is 0.2% rechargeable or conventional "C" cells.
(0.1% with "tweaking"), and all circuits Simpson makes several digital
are overload protected. The instrument also instruments. Their latest, the Model 460
has automatic polarity indication. portable, digital VON' ($395) is a
Heath also produces the IB-101 31-digit instrument with 26 ranges. Among
frequency counter ($199.95 in kit form) these are ac and de voltages from 200 mV
that indicates from 1 Hz to 15 MIIz. to 1000 V; ac and de current from 200 µA
Having a 5-digit display that can he to 1 ampere; and resistance to 200
switched to 8 digits via a front -panel megohms. Input impedance for voltage is 1
control, the input impedance is 1 megohm megohm for ac and a minimum of 10
and a 1 -MHz crystal -controlled oscillator megohms for de. Among other features are
provides an accurate time base. If you have automatic polarity indication, built-in line
to go higher in frequency, the Heath 111-102 supply and battery power, and the unique
frequency scaler ($99.50 in kit form) can use of an analog meter to indicate nulls or
be used. Performing accurate scaling from peaks when doing alignment. Full overload
2 to 175 MHIz, this "front end" can extend protection is provided for each range, and
the capability of the IB-101 (or any other the display is non -blinking.
comparable counter) to 175 MHz. Division The Hickok Model 3301 ($385) uses a
ratio is 10:1 or 100:1 at the touch of a 31 -digit non -blinking display and has 27
switch. ranges. These include 5 ac and de voltage
The Triplett Model 6028 ($275) is a ranges from 100 mV to 1000 V, 5 ac and de
2i -digit (a conventional 211 -digit display current ranges from 100 µA to 1 ampere,
with an added readout that indicates and 7 resistance ranges to 100 megohms.
whether the result is above or below 1) Full overload protection is provided on all
portable multimeter having an input ranges and an optional battery power
impedance of 10 megohms on ac and de supply is a\ ailable. You can also specify
voltage ranges and 5 ac and 5 de ranges BCD output for interfacing with data
from 100 mV to 1000 V; 5 ac and dc acquisition system. O
our fourth generation
E1 I
e
1
I
12485g'A3.5
eg -IL
a., 4 5.
-i o..=
\.YC+1 -
1i O
1 Xv: :tt`tz
introducing the 1440: a powerful addition to our

quality family of kit calculators priced from $ 99.50
The first of its kind available anywhere, the 1440 was developed You can even increase the 1440's capacity to that of a small desk-
by MITS --- the original kit calculator company -
to answer the,- top computer by the addition of completely compatible printing
need for a high caliber calculator at an easily affordable price. and programming units (available summer '72) to the interfacing
that's already there -- so your needs will never outgrow its capa-
Using only the highest quality components front such American
bility, and with six functions (+, -, x, =, s2, ,M) and two stem
manufacturers as AMP, IBC, National Semiconductor, Sprague, ones (a constant and an independent data memory) that's a lot of
and TI, the 1440 follows the tradition of the 816 (featured on power.
the cover of Popular Electronics in November, 1971).
A reasonable price was the only remaining factor in the 1440's

Design standards assure customer satisfaction when 5% resistors;
design. We think that $199.95 (assembled 5249 95) is fair, and
fully interconnected, double sided, plated through PC boards; we hope you'll agree. To make ordering yours simple, we accept
extra large LED's; individual mounting sockets for all IC's; pre
Mastercharge and Bank Americard. Why not give us a call today?
cut, stripped, and tinned wire; and double -injected, feather touch
keyboards are the rule.
f 9SEr6,
-
Comprehensive, detailed instructions covering Theory of Opera-
tion (with complete schematics and logic diagrams), Step by Step
J
Assembly, Troubleshooting, and Applications make assembling a
MITS calculator as easy as it is enjoyable. And a full 90 day war-
Our four function 816's (with 'cmnputerizing' interfaces) and the
ranty (1year on assembled units) insures that you'll get a product
single chip 808 have undergone design improvement too. They're
you can count on long after you buy it.
available at: 599.50 (808), 5149.95 (8I6A), and 5159.95 (816B).
mIT- RIiºn Instrumentation & Telemetry Systems, Int.

2016 San Mateo NE, Albuquerqúe, New Mexico 87110 505 266-2330
Dealer Inquiries Invited

JUNE 1972 87
p~e~4410e,obeefi
Let us know 6 to 8 weeks in advance so that you won't
miss a single issue of POPULAR ELECTRONICS INCLUDING
ELECTRONICS WORLD
Attach old label where indicated and print new ad-
dress in space provided. Also include your mailing label
whenever you write. concerning your subscription. It
helps us serve you promptly.
Write to: P.O. Box 1096, Flushing, N.Y. 11352, giving
the following information.
If you have no label handy, print OLD address here. 4,

New Literature)
1I
name Please print JTX RAYTHEON MARINE EQUIPMENT CATALOG
oddress
Raytheon's full line of marine electronic equip-
ment for navigation, communication, and safety
city is featured in a new 16 -page catalog. Two doz-
en radars, radiotelephones, radio direction
:rare zip -code
finders, loud hailers, loran receivers, and
Change address only. r athometer depth sounders are illustrated and
Extend subscription. Enter new subscription. described in detail. Prices are not quoted.
(1)0 5 yrs. $21 (2)111 3 yrs. $15. (a) 1 year $6 Address: Raytheon Marine Products, 676 Is-
Payment enclosed (1 extra issue per yr. as a BONUS) land Pond ltd., Manchester, NII 03103.
Bill me later. 0655
STANCOR TRANSFORMER CATALOG
name please print The new Stancor Transformer Catalog (No.
207) lists more than 1900 standard transform-
address
ers for design engineers. Included in the list-
city state zip ings are full technical data, mounting dimen-
Add') postage: $1 per year outside U.S., its possessions & Canada. sions, photos, and other specifications for audio
and power transformers, chokes, and inductors.
\ddress: Essex Int'l., Inc.. Controls Div.,
.
oI .
Ir
tRe
Stancor Prods., 3501 W. Addison St., Chicago,
rL IL 60618.
BROOKSTONE HARD -TO -FIND TOOLS CATALOG
The Second 1972 Edition A catalog of hard -to -
find tools and accessories available from
Brookstone is a goldmine for anyone who has
ever needed a non-standard tool and couldn't
FROM KIT TO CAR Lind it anywhere. In addition to tools, the
IN 80 MINUTES! catalog lists such items as a hand-held search-
Electronic ignition is Update your car
.
light which puts out a blazing 200,000 -candle-
with the TOPS in power, efficiency and re- power beam, a professional resistance solder-
liability -
the TIGER SST capacitive dis-
ing machine, an automatic wire stripper, and
charge ignition (CD).
The TIGER delvers everything other CO's a sophisticated fire alarm system. Tools listed
promise -
and more: quicker starting, more
power, more gas mileage, tune-ups eliminated are all finest quality. Address: Brookstone Co.,
lifetime plugs and points, reduced repairs
and pollution. Dept. C, 10 Brookstone Bldg., Peterborough,
The TIGER can be built and installed in 1 103458.
your car in 80 minutes. The TIGER is
uniquel Errors in construction or incorrect
installation will not harm the TIGER of the SCIENTIFIC MEASUREMENTS LITERATURE
engine. The TIGER will not operate under
either condition.
The TIGER comes with a switch for TIGER
Currently available from Scientific \leusIn-e-
or standard ignition for 12V negative ground nlents is a five -sheet handout. The Data Sheet
only.
contains information on the 16 possible 2 -in-
SATISFACTION GUARANTEED
or Money Back. put, 1 -output binary combinatorial circuits on
-
Simpli-Kit $29.95 Assembled $39.95
POST PAID
one side and the rules of Boolean algebra
on the other side. Three other sheets provide
WE ACCEPT:
Mastercharge or BankAmericard. information on the company's Comp -U -Kit Log-
Send check or money order with order to:
ic Lab 1, Analog Computer 1, and Pulse
iStar Corporation
DEPT. W. P. O. Boo 1946
Generator. The final sheet lists the prices for
the various Comp -U -Kit modules. kddress:
Grand Junction, Colorado 81501 Scientific Measurements, Inc., 2945 Central,
CIRCLE NO. 41 ON READER SERVICE CARD Wilmette, IL 60091-
Sonar tb:' °OLCE, FIR, & WEATHER REPORTS!
foi Indu417p1o.03
SENTRY VHF SFHTHr '
3 CHANNELS
mmercial, Utiity & Got,t. Use
RIPHuo...__,,,,n rRysTAL CONTROLLED
Designed and engineered for simplicity óf operationrcompact
enough to fit a shirt pocket yet powerful enough to deliver a
VHF MONITOR clear clean signal-it's dependable %Operates on three c?ystal
controlled VHF channels 'plus broadcast band r Adjustable
squelch Completely solid stale for long life use
RECEIVERS WITH Visible'
battery indicator to show battery condit on at all times Built,
ADJUSTABLE SQUELCH in_antenna 5z/e' H x 21/2"W x 131'," O. Wt. 11 oz.
Withr Battery,
Earphone, &
less Crystals
$49 95 p,,, T` S
SONAR hve.. Bklyn, N. Y.
RADIO CORP., 73 Wortman
Please send information on VHF Molitor Receivers.
11207
Crystals 1pg1 Dept. 493

00 ea. Ylit%01 .POO KET Name
FR-106SA (is RFOOUR)

3ICHp tLS Address
(150-175 MHz) 130-50 MHz City State Zip
----
ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS MANUAL
by John Markus
Engineers, experimenters, and hobbyists-in
fact, anyone requiring complete, up -to -(late
information on electronic circuitry-will ap-
preciate this encyclopedic compendium of more
than 3000 advanced circuit designs, each com-
plete with component values. The circuit dia-
grams are organized into 99 logical chapters
and indexed for fast, ellic'ent retrieval of
Electronics Library schematics and circuit data for every need.
Published by McGraw -hill Book Co., 330 West
42 St., New York, NY 10036. hard cocer. 987
MODERN OPERATIONAL CIRCUIT DESIGN pages. $19.75.
by John T. Smith
This book presents the body of circuit design CITIZENS BAND RADIO SERVICE MANUAL
techniques and information which have ap- by R. F. Burns & L. G. Sands
plications in a wide range of scientific As an all -in -one troubleshooting and mainten-
disciplines. Until now, the use of such ance guide for all types of CB radio trans-
knowledge has been the province of the ceivers, this new book contains a helpful :36 -
highly trained designer of military systems. page fold -out section which contains complete
This book, however, provides the nonspe- schematic diagrams of popular late -model 2 -
cialist with ample information for assembling way radios. Represented in the diagrams are
his own circuits and solving his own problems. the Courier CCT4, Cobra 25, 1Iallicrafters
Especially important, all circuits illustrated CB -21, Johnson Personal Messenger and Mes-
have been successfully built and tested by senger III, Lafayette Dynacom 12A and IIB-
the author. 23A, Midland 13-880, Rustler, SCB-6CB Side-
Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 605 bander, Sonar T-2, and Telsat 9).4.
Third Ave., .Netc York, NY 10016. ¡lard cover. Published by Tab Books_ Blue Ridge Summit,
2.56 pages. $14.95. PA 17214. 192 pages a- 36 -page foldout.
$1.95 hard cocer. $4.95 soft cover.
FREE McIntosh CATALOG and FM DIRECTORY

Get all the newest and latest information on the
new McIntosh Solid State equipment in the
McIntosh catalog. In addition you will receive an
FM station directory that covers all of North
America.
SEÑD-TODÁY!-
McIntosh Laboratory Inc.
,_.1.. 2 Chambers St., Dept. PT -672
l .....! Binghamton, N.Y. 13903
s* NAME
ADDRESS
FM/FM STEREO TUNER
MX 1 14 and STEREO PREAMPLIFIER L CITY STATE ZIP
JUNE 1972
89
cording meters, sound -with -sound mixing, and
automatic mechanical/electrical shutoff.
MOSLEY 5 -ELEMENT CB BEAM ANTENNA
The Deluxe Mosley C13 Mini -Beam Model
GA -5D antenna is designed to deliver full-
size beam performance in a compact package.
Ten deluxe high -Q coils molded onto the ele-
New Products ment extensions reduce size without limiting

electrical capability. A new swaging technique
seals both ends of all coil sections to prevent
moisture accumulation and assure reliable all-
PACE SSB AND CB TRANSCEIVER
weather performance. The compact CA -5D
was designed to reduce the area exposed to
The Pace Division of Palma' Inc. has intro- wind so that the antenna can be mounted,
duced a new SSB and AM Citizens Band Radio, without a tower, on a TV antenna mount and
called the Sidetalk 23. The combination 46 turned with an inexpensive TV rotor.
channel SSB and 2:3 channel AM transceiver Circle No. 73 on Reader Service Card
is all solid state with 15 watts PEP. It has
adjustable squelch with fine tuning control of TRIPLETT MICRO -POWER FET VOM
each channel (clarifier). A noise blanker circuit The Model 603 battery -powered FET VOM
has front control switch, and a crystal -lattice developed by Triplett can be left on continu-
filter provides proper band-pass with over 60 dB ously without appreciably wearing down the bat-
suppression on unwanted side bands. teries. It draws only 10 µA as a result of an
Circle No. 71 on Reader Service Card exclusive "TMP" (Triplett Micro Power) cir-
cuit; Current drain is so low, in fact, that
carbon -zinc batteries should last as long as
LAFAYETTE RADIO STEREO SYSTEM COMBO they do on a shelf. Besides TMP, the meter
The Model I.RK-900 combination stereo re- features Low Power Ohms which permits safe
ceiver and cassette recorder available from La- testing of transistors and IC's, an Auto Polarity
fayette Radio Electronics Corp. incorporates circuit, and an amplifier circuit which incorpor-
ates a high degree of feedback for making both
ac and de scales linear. On both do and ac,
measurements can be made out to 1000 volts
and 1000 mA (1 ampere) with 3% accuracy.
Ohmmeter ranges cover from 13X1 through
RXI meg. The output ranges go from -30 dB
,_
to +62 dB with 3% accuracy.
e Circle No. 74 on Reader Service Card
DUOTONE DELUXE STEREO HEADPHONES
special circuits which reproduce regular stereo The Duotone Co., Inc., has announced the avail-
records, tapes, and FM broadcasts with 4 - ability of their new top -of -the -line Model
dimensional effects. The sensitive F111 tuner VCII-100 stereo headphone set. The VCII-100
utilizes "Acritune" for instant center -station reproduces sound over the range of from 15
tuning. The cassette deck features switchable Hz to 25,000 IIz and has a power -handling
standard/Cr02 tape bias equalization, large re- capacity of 1 watt. Impedance is 4-16 ohms.
GC ELECTRONICS
CALECTRO Rockford, III. 61101
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YOUR ELECTRONICS SUPERMARKET

CIRCLE NO. ON READER SERVICE CARD 20
94
Individual volume controls are provided for
each earcup. The earcnps are cushion padded
for user comfort, and the phones come with a AT LAST' ! Ti'
l
: -r5.
15 -ft coil cord to which is attached a standard
three -conductor phone plug.
HOME PR o -
Circle No. 75 on Reader Service Card EVERYONE CAN INSTALL
SCIENTIFIC AUDIO PREAMP EQUALIZER AND AFFORD.
The Mark IX Preamplifier Equalizer recently Model FC-100 Tel sli
SiDUn'ZóraraviñtR
announced by Scientific Audio Electronics,
Inc., has operational characteristics similar to
those used in recording studios. The equalizers
WIRE $5995 r .
- Start your custom

can he used to compensate for poorly equalized Burglar/Hold-up/Fire Alarm
records, to modify the tonal quality of loud- System with the FC-100.
Add on Sensors, Alarms
and Accessories to suit your
own needs.
- "Do -it -Yourself" Installers
Handbook included. No
technical knowledge needed -
No soldering.
100% Professional in Design, Reliability,
Performance.
fail Safe'-SYSTEM BY EICO

A New Concept in -Do. it -Yourself "Home Protection
FREE 32 PAGE EICO CATALOG

For latest catalog on EICO Test Instruments, Stereo, EICOCRAFT
speakers, and, in some instances, to compen- Projects, Environmental Lighting, Burglar/Fire Alarm Systems,
sate for room characteristics. The equalizer and name of nearest EtCO Distributor, check Reader Service
Card or send 250 for First Class mail service.
section uses five frequencies instead of tone
EICO, 283 Malta Street, Brooklyn, N.Y. 11207-7
controls. Toroidal LC bandpass filttrs with 12
d13/octave slopes are used. The equalizers are .
variable to ±16 or ±8 dB. A defeat switch is CIRCLE NO. 16 ON READER SERVICE CARD
provided for electrically removing the equaliz-
ers from the audio system, and a tape copy
facility is provided to eliminate patching to the
rear of the chassis.
HEATHKIT 25" VHF/UHF COLOR TV KIT

The Model GR-900 solid-state color TV with a
25" diagonal measurement, uhf detent tuning,
burstein-applebee . : 1 9.72 -
and ultra -rectangular picture tuhe has now
taken its place at the top of the Heath Com-
I
-CATALOG-
pany's color TV receiver kit line. The user P .{ -
can preset up to 12 uhf channels in his area
-
1
276 PAGE
to take advantage of the detent tuning. Push- RADIO, TV &
button power tuning scans both vhf and uhf sta-
ations in either direction. An angular tint
switch selects either normal or wide-angle col-
or demodulation to reduce tint and flesh tone
1912
ELE[ritóÑN
`f
ir: _.-_---.r.
ELECTRONICS
CATALOG
changes when switching channels. Instant -on fro . Your Buying Guide for
operation with override, pushbutton aft and `-,-` Everything in Electronics
.T ¡ .. Stereo, Hi -Fi, TV's,
automatic tint control; and adjustable tone ' Radios, Tape Recorders,
control are also included. The ultra-rectangular hburatein CB, Kits, Tools, Books,
eppleboe ..--:=4:17"-%' and Electronic Parts.
picture tube design gives the viewer 315 sq in.
of v iewing area. As usual in 1Ieathkit TV's, r- =---WRITE FOR IT TODAY! -1
the GR-900 has built-in service features and BURSTEIN-APPLEBEE CO.,
comes with a volt -ohmmeter for easy servicing DEPT. PE 3199 MERCIER ST.
setup, and troubleshooting. KANSAS CITY, MO. 64111
Circle No. 77 on Reader Service Card Name
SHURE IMPEDANCEMATCHING TRANSFORMER A dd ress

Owners of transistorized tape recorders equipped City.
with medium -impedance inputs can now get State Zip Code
superior performance from their recordings L
JUNE 1972 95
through the use of a new Shore Model A97A TOYO 4 -CHANNEL DECODER
line-matching transformer and a high -quality,
The new Model QC -002 4 -channel decoder
low -impedance microphone. Usually, the mike
made by Toyo Radio Co. of America, Inc.,
that comes with home and portable recorders
is a utility unit which cannot take advantage of
recovers both the "hidden ambiance" contained
in ordinary :3 -channel programs and the four
the full performance potential of the recorder.
Use of a Model A97A and a high -quality
original channels from encoded (matrixed) pro-
grams. The decoder is designed to feed into
microphone (such as Shure's 575SB or 585SB)
any 4 -channel amplifier or any pair of 2 -channel
not only improves the audio input signal, it
also permits the use of long cables without
amplifiers. The all pushbutton controls in-
clude Effect Selectors which allow the user
loss of high frequencies and without hum and
to choose between solo effect, simulating the
noise pickup.
ambiance of a small concert hall with it single
Circle No. 78 on Reader Service Card performer; concert hall ambiance; or surround
ONKYO LINEAR SUSPENSION SPEAKER SYSTEM sound, which gives the listener the sensation
A three-way "linear suspension" speaker system of being located in the middle of the o chestra.
( Model 20) featuring a 12" woofer, a 2"
hemis- Circle No. 80 on Reader Service Card
pheric dome midrange speaker, and a 1" hemis-
pheric dome tweeter is being marketed by Ontlko.
The drivers are specially designed and manu- SBE DIGITAL READOUT HAM TRANSCEIVER
factured to minimize undesirable resonances. Linear Systems, Inc., has announced the intro-
A unique integrated crossover network with ex- duction of the SBE Model SI3-36 amateur
clusive filter circuitry helps provide smooth, radio transceiver which incorporates a digital
clean transitions. The crossover control panel counter to provide a six -digit direct frequency
located on the rear of the enclosure contains readout on all ham bands. The SI3-36 has a
5 -position midrange and high -frequency switches power output of 5(X) watts PEP on SSB, full
which allow the listener to adjust driver levels frequency coverage of all ham bands from 80 to
in 2-d13 steps to suit his listening tastes. 10 meters, built-in VOX capability, semibreak-
Frequency range is :35-20,000 IIz; maximum in operation on CW, and a deluxe sideband
power handling capacity is 50 watts, with 10 generating system featuring separate crystal
watts urns minimum required. lattice filters for USB and LSB.
Circle No. 79 on Reader Service Card Circle No. 81 on Reader Service Card
3
From its Sequential Cam System that antiquates
the conventional noisy cam gear and swinging
plate to its Synchronous Power Unit, the BSR
McDonald 810 is designed to match or
exceed the performance of any
autcmatic turntable currently
available Some other
highlights include a Variable
Pitch ControlA 12"
dynamically balanced
turntable platter*
, A viscous-
_ damped
cue and
ih J- pause
control with
exclusive
friction Cue
?:H Clutch to keep
<
y the arm cued over

the exact groove*
A Concentric Gimbal
Arm Mount *Push-
Introducing the '= button operation The
(w
price?$149.50From BSR
BSR. McDonald 810 The world's largest maker
of automatic
turntables B R
Transcription Series
BSR (USA) Ltd.
Blauvelt, N.Y. 10913 MCDONALD
ISALEI
Surplus Scene
By Alexander W. Burawa, Associate Editor
THE SMALL -PARTS MARKET
The Surplus Scene dealers can hardly tape heads, motors, and microminiature
qualify as small -parts suppliers in the relays. Good buys can also be had on fiber
same sense as the big industrial optics and loudspeakers.
mail-order houses. Nevertheless, they Small parts occupy the lion's share of
do offer some fantastic buys in some standard the Delta Electronics Co. (Box 1, Lynn,
and many hard -to -find components. Typical MA 01903) catalog. Listed is everything
of Surplus Scene offerings are such from potentiometers to capacitors to
items as computer -grade and standard types switches. A special buy is a 7 -gang
of electrolytic capacitors, pulse and power pushbutton switch assembly containing six
transformers, toroids, relays and switches, clpdt and one 4pdt switches made by
power resistors and potentiometers, etc. Centralah; it goes for $1.35. Computer -
Starting with G & G Radio Supply Co. grade capacitors are listed for S2-$7 for
(45 Warren St., New York, NY 10007), lots of five.
look for great buys in receiving and special- For coaxial connectors, variable
purpose vacuum tubes, crystals in the 75t to capacitors and noise filters, John \leslura Jr.
$1.60 price range, and panel meters. (P.O. Box 62, Lynn, MA 01904) has
Baynton Electronics Corp. (2709 North "knockouts for thin wallets" as they state.
Broad St., Philadelphia, PA 19132) There are other goodies as well-like
has a lot to offer the bargain hunter insulated sleeving, rubber feet, thermistors,
in the way of test equipment for all terminal strips, and Teflon press -fit
areas of electronics, plus a very good standoffs.
selection of coaxial cable connectors and Ilerbach & Rademan, Inc. (401 East
cable assemblies. They also have some Erie Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19134) offers
good buys in low-pass interstage and line many specialized components. Their listings
filters, hard -to -fin multi -turn
1 include stepping and rotary relays, heat
miniature trimming potentiometers made by detectors, toggle switches, and Ledex
Bourns, crystal can relays, and solid- rotary solenoids. The company's catalog
state components. flyer 'is a monthly-titled, appr'opriate'ly,
Looking for special types of power "This Month"-and offerings change
transformers, filter reactors, and filie accordingly. Past catalog listings featured
capacitors? Then look to Surplus Center fantastic buys on numeric readouts (always
(P.O. Box 82209, Lincoln, NB 68501) . in demand), transformers, solenoids, and
\Vhile you're at it, look into rectifiers such relays.
as a 50-ampere, 50-PIV stud -type which For our last entry, we have Edmund
they have for only $2.49 and an IBM Scientific Co. (380 Edscorp Bldg.,
rectifier that normallyJ lists for $10.50 but Barrington, NI 08007) They have such
.
is on sale for $2.69. (It contains two 12 - diverse items as an electronic desk -top
ampere, 50-PIV silicon rectifiers already calculator with an 8 -position, seven -segment
mounted on a heavy-duty aluminum heat display readout for $199.50; psychedelic
sink) . lighting displays; numeric indicator tubes;
Poly Paks (P.O. Box 942, S. Lynleld, MA a batch of $50 worth of transistors for
01940) is a bonanza for small parts such only $2.50; and an infrared sensor alarm
as resistor and capacitor assortments, kit for $6.95. Send for their latest catalog
miniature reed switches, coils and chokes, and see how di\ erse their offerings are.O
JUNE 1972 97
ELECTRONICS MARKET PLACE
NON -DISPLAY CLASSIFIED: COMMERCIAL RATE: For firms or indi- GENERAL INFORMATION: First word in all ads set in bold caps a
viduals offering commercial products or services, $1.50 per word no extra charge. All copy subject to publisher's approval. All
(including name and address). Minimum order $15.00. Payment advertisers using Post Office Boxes in their addresses MUST
must accompany copy except when ads are placed by accredited supply publisher with permanent address and telehone number
advertising agencies. Frequency discount: 5% for 6 months; before ad can be run. Closing Date: 1st of the 2nd month pre-
10% for 12 months paid in advance. READER RATE: For individ- ceding cover date (for example, March issue closes January lstl.
uals with a personal item to buy or sell, $1.00 per word (includ- Send order and remittance to Hal Cymes. POPULAR ELECTRONICS
ing name and address.) No minimum! Payment must accompany Including ELECTRONICS WORLD, One Park Avenue, New York,
copy. DISPLAY CLASSIFIED: 1" by 1 column (25/0" wide), $185.00. New York 10016.
2" by 1 column, $370.00. 3" by 1 column, $555.00. Advertiser to
supply cuts. For frequency rates, please inquire.
FOR SALE "IgN IN"TO.POLICE".10 RADIO [MS IN you CAR!

WORKS leach ANY CAR -Portable or HOME RA.
Dio' .lust PLUGS fn -No wlr,nl-3 nlfnute
hookup: Konen Instantly from regolin t" ALL
POLICE FIRE-EMERGENCY-COMMERCIAL-
FREE! bargain catalog. Fiber optics. LED's, transistors, diodes.
rectifiers, SCR's, triacs, parts. Poly Paks, Box 942, Lynnfield,
TAXICAB-STATE-CITY-GOV'T 2 way Radto
calls In YOUR AREA. DUAL -HI -LOW BANDS
OVER a MILLION Radio Cars/station, USE
-
Mass. 01940. Eee ..'here--nY[Ime-ala-ays works'
Ck.. nd nay post V°.
SEND ONLY $2.00 leash.
man 5 COO nreX or
GOVERNMENT Surplus Receivers, Transmitters, Snooperscopes, end t..t1U for Del i USA. arCOMPLETE, ready to BACK use Kith
(IrUC[Ions. One year serviceFFER Warranty -10 DAY MONEY TRig1
'1.0.)s
Radios, Parts, Picture Catalog 256. Meshna. Nahant, Mass. 01908.

I
STER AMAZING OFFER good Only By mall

DEPT. BPE-6 KEARNEY. NEBR. 68847
-
WESTERN RADIO
ROCKETS: Ideal for miniature transmitter tests. New illustrated NOW! Enjoy the great outdoors in comfort with your pocket size
catalog. 25c. Single and multistage kits, cones, engines, launch-
electronic Skeeter Skat mosquito repeller. $9.95 postpaid USA.
ers, trackers, rocket aerial cameras. technical information. Fast
Satisfaction guaranteed. Detectron, Dept. G-6, P.O. Box 243,
service. Estes Industries, Dept. 18-K, Penrose, Colorado 81240.
San Gabriel, Calif. 91778.
INVESTIGATORS, latest Electronics Aids, Free Literature. Clifton, METERS -Surplus, new, used, panel or portable. Send for list.
11500-L NW 7th Ave., Miami, Florida 33168. Hanchett, Box 5577, Riverside, CA 92507.
LOWEST Prices Electronic Parts. Confidential Catalog Free. RECONDITIONED Test Equipment. Reasonably priced, list avail-
KNAPP, 3174 8TH Ave. S.W., Largo, Fla. 33540. able. Walter, 2697 Nickel, San Pablo, CA. 94806.
WE SELL CONSTRUCTION PLANS. TELEPHONE: Answering Machine, PYROTECHNICAL chemicals, casings, tools, supplies, fuse, liter-
Speakerphone, Carphone, Phonevision. Auto Dialer, Touch Button ature. Giant, illustrated catalogue/handbook includes formulas,
Dialer, Central Dial System. TELEVISION: $35.00 Color Converter, instructions -50C, with samples -$1.00. Westech, Box 593,
Video Tape Recorder. $25.00 Camera. HOBBYIST: Electron Micro- Logan, Utah 84321.
scope, 96 Hour Tape Music System, Ultrasonic Dishwasher,
Radar -Oven. Plans $4.95 each. NEW ITEM: $75. Electronic BUILD YOUR OWN SPACE-AGE TV CAMERA
Pocket Calculator, $7.50. COURSES: Telephone Engineering
áL9 100181 sain.aTATE CAMERA KIT! Ideal for experiments,
$39.50. Detective Electronics $22.50, Integrated Circuit Engi- hoc, edcatiory industry, etc High quality Baked by over
six years of lob & field testing Fully Gsamteed Caenech
neering, $49.50. NEW SUPER HOBBY CATALOG plus year's sub- TV se metal modification .,kp. $b/.
shpcwtruclimO
scription to Electronic New Letter AIRMAILED $1.00. Don Britton d Model /C1 -1A, sales D complete w,6 e1dkm 0149.90
pos:aid ceyebee ,n IAA & Cnpde (less video Abe f11699.9)
Enterprises, 6200 Wilshire Blvd., Los Angeles, Calif. 90048. PHONE 'or WRITE for'CATALOG.
PAL sox-ps*aen
ELECTRONIC PARTS, semiconductors, kits. FREE FLYER. Large cat-
alog $1.00 deposit. BIGELOW ELECTRONICS, Bluffton, Ohio 45817. -- - Ady
deft.
other kin, porn end
01114 -Odium,
plans
Mow cost Owls,
awiloie including
,dlo
manor UK, Inoue
subm,tier kit, etc.
1301 BROADWAY ATV Research DAKOTA CRY, HEIR. 68731

RADIO-T.V. Tubes -36C each. Send for free catalog. Cornell,
4213 University, San Diego, Calif. 92105. ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS -Distributor prices, Free catalog. Box
2581, El Cajon, California 92021.
CONVERT any television to sensitive, big-screen oscilloscope.
Only minor changes required. No electronic experience neces- ANTIGRAVITY, experiment and theory, Rushed -$2.00. U.S. In-
sary. Illustrated plans. $2.00. Relco-A33, Box 10563, Houston, quiries. Intertech 7A9, Box 5373, Station -F, Ottawa, Canada.
Texas 77018.
LEARN the facts of electronics and your privacy. Send for the
MECHANICAL, ELECTRONIC devices catalog 10C. Greatest Values Tron-X Manual, P.O. Box 38155, Hollywood, CA 90038. $5.95.
-Lowest Prices. Fertik's, 5249 "D", Philadelphia, Pa. 19120.
JAPAN HONG KONG DIRECTORY. World products information.
SENCORE, B&K Test Equipment Unbelievable Prices. Free Catalog $1.00 today. Sekai Shogyo Annai, Hillyard, Washington 99207.
and Price Sheet. Fordham Radio, 265 East 149th Street, Bronx,
N.Y. 10451. EUROPEAN and Japanese bargains catalogs. $1 each. Dee, P.O.
Box 9308, North Hollywood, Calif. 91609.
ELECTRONIC Ignition. Various Types. Information 106. Anderson
Engineering, Epsom, N.H. 03239. BURGLAR ALARM SYSTEMS. We manufacture intruder -fire detec-
tion systems, radar and perimeter types. Accessories available.
TV TUNER REPAIRS -Complete Course Details, 12 Repair Tricks, Free Literature. Inquiries for dealership and wholesale prices
Many Plans, Two Lessons, all for $1. Refundable. Frank Bocek, must be on letterhead. U.S. and Canada only. Microtech Asso-
Box 833, Redding, Calif. 96001. ciates, Inc., Box 10147, St. Petersburg, Florida 33733.
CONSTRUCTION PLANS: Laser $2.00. Investigation Aids

. . . - GET "Music Only" FM Programs. SCA Adaptor fits any FM tuner
2 -FM
mitter
Microphone Transmitters .
...$2.00. Sound Telescope
Missile Tracker .
$1.00. FM Telephone Trans-
. .
...
$2.00. Space Monitor
$2.00. Free equipment and kit catalog.
- or receiver. Free list of stations with order. Kit $14.50 (with
Squelch $19.50) Wired and Tested $25.00 (with Squelch $29.95).
All plus postage and insurance. Thousands Sold. SWTPC, Box
Howard, 20174 Ward, Detroit, Michigan 48235, E32040, San Antonio, Tex. 78284.

IMPOSSIBLE? BARGAINS IN SURPLUS ELECTRONICS AND OPTICS
FEATURE ITEh1
DIGITAL CLOCK KIT WITH NIXIE DISPLAY
50 MEGAHERTZ LOW COST COUNTER
We have well over
20.000 surplus
Ir1
Here is new item,
a
-featured because of nix res in stock.
and because of
. numerous customer.
r- ..-- suggestions this bargain

purchase we can
We have taken the
sell complete
a
basic power supply,
- chassis and cover
digital clock kit
f for less than the
from our clock kit,
usual cost of the
- and by substituting
anew front panel
display tubes
and printed circuit
only. We provide
board, have made a a complete etched and thru-plated cncuit board, all integrated
lowest cost frequency counter. The unbelievable low cost is due to circuits, complete power supply. display tubes. I.C. sockets and a
our use of our large stock of unused surplus nixies, the new 74196 nice front panel with polaroid visor. We have never seen anyone
50 MHz decade counter, and the commonality of parts with our offer this kit for less than 5100.00 beture. Includes BCD outputs
other kits. Readout is to six decades, time base is 1 second, 0.1 for use as with timer option. May be wired for 12 or 24 hour
seconds, or external. Design is modular, for ease of construction, display. Indicates hours, minutes, seconds.
5
0
compactness, and expandability.
MHz six digit counter, using line frequency as time base.
complete except for cover $97.50
0 Clock Kit, complete less outside cover
D Aluminum blue or black anodized cover (specify)
INTEGRATED CIRCUIT SPECIALS
.
557.50
S 4.50
Optional crystal controlled time base plug-in conversion $23.50

Cover, blue or black anodized S 4.50 709 Operational Amplifier .50
711 Dual Comparator .50
741 Compensated Operational Amplifier .50
BUILD YOUR OWN ELECTRONIC CALCULATOR 558 Dual 741 .95
FOR ONLY 5108.00! 723 Voltage Regulator 1.25
536 F.E.T. Operational Amplifier 4.75
A complete calculator kit, 595 Four Ouadrant Multiplier 3.75
complete with self con- 740 Power Driver, for 100 watt AB amplifier 2.75
tained power supply and 2111 FM Detector and Limiter 2.75
rase. Indispensible in the 555 Timer 2pSeconds to 1 hour, :special! 1.25
borne, office or school. Sim- 1103 1024 Bit Ram Memory, MOS 9.25
ple enough for a child to 2501 256 Bit Runs Memory, MOS 8.75
build. Some of the features 2513 Character Generator ROM 19.75
of the calculator are as fol- 7490 Decade Counter 1.25
lows: 74141/7441 Nixie Driver 1.75
MOS integrated circuits 74192 Bidirectional Counter 1.75
(extra large scale integra- 7475 Goad Latch 1.25
tion) reduce the number of 7447 7 Segment Decoder Driver 2.25
components to a minimum, 7489 64 Bit Random Access Memory 5.75
for easy assembly Dis- 7492 Divide by 12 Counter 1.25
plays eight digits on large 74196 50 MHz Divide by 10 Counter (presetable) 2.25
size seven segment dis- NE560 Phase Locked Loop 5.00
plays. Full function com- 561 Phase Locked Loop 5.00
plement keyboard features 562 Phase Locked Loop 5.00
addition, subtraction, multi- 565 Phase Locked Loop 5.00
plicatror, division, alternate 566 Function Generator/Tone Encoder 5.00
display, multiplication by a 567 PLL/Tone Decoder 5.00
constant, clear all, clear entry, and decimal point set. Sixteen.
SANYO CALCULATOR, MODEL ICC 804
-
digit entry and sixteen digit results are possible with alternate
display key. Leading zeroes suppressed Chain operation All I This calculator with L.E.D. readout
integrated circuits and displays are socket mounted and replace-
and rechargeable self-contained
able. nickel cadmium battery was adver-
So reliable and simple to build, we can make tics guarantee: If for
tised in our March ad at 5215.00 (if
any reason you cannot succeed in getting your calculator to
function properly after completing construction, for a flat
-te you ordered it at the higher price
handling fee of $10.00, B and F will repair and ship back your
calculator anywhere in the USA. This applies regardless of the age 000 --
f we will refund you the difference in
merchandise on request). Due to a
special purchase, we can now offer
of the assembler, barring gross negligence or the use of acid core
solder in construction. 0 00 s
s x0
x this $299.00 list calculator at only
it the outstanding
SANKEN HYBRID AUDIO AMPLIFIERS

AND SUPPLY KIT 1r'rV
- -- calculator buy in the USA. Comes
complete with charger/power sup-
ply and case. Has eight digit dis-
made a fortunate .2x CS_ - play, with 16 digit capacity. Unit is

only 1X thick, easily slips in pock-
,e
We have
purchase of Sanken Audio et. you ran charge it by phone to
Amplfier Hybrid Modules. With BankAmericard or Mastercharge.
these you can build your own a OSanyo Calculator . .5175.00
.
audio amplifiers at less than the

price of discrete components. KEYBOARDS
Just add a power supply, and a
Three keyboards are available, as
chassis to act as a heat sink.
Brand new units, in original
boxes, guaranteed by B and F,
tt'rrlii tirl
fJfl'f'Illllll"
illustrated. 20 key calculator key-
board, 40 key alphanumeric, and
JCI1.LlIÍ I 12 key much tone. All have sep-
ÍÍ
. 1 .
Sanken and the Sanken U.S.

arate contacts brought out to edge
distributor. Available in three
sizes: 10 watts RMS (20 watts music power), 25 watts RMS (50
á.^!J# f1' connector.
watts M.P.) and 50 watts RMS (100 watts M.P.) per channel. 20 0 Touch Tone Keyboard . 5 9.50
page manufacturers instruction book included. Sanken amplifiers
Calculator Keyboard . $14.50
have proved so simple and reliable, that they are being used for
Alphaumeric Keyboard $29.00
industrial applications. such as servo amplifiers and wide band 0 80 PAGE CATALOG - Free with any order or send 50.25
laboratory amplifiers.
0 10 Watt RMS Amplifier $ 475 ALL ITEMS (WHERE WEIGHT S NOT SPECIFIED)
0 25 Watt RMS Amplifier S14.75 POSTAGE PAID IN THE U. S. A.
50 Watt RMS Amplifier S22.50
0 Complete kit for 100 watt rms stereo amplifier (200 watt CHARGES WELCOME!
music) including two 50 watt Sanken hybrids, all parts, Phone charges to 617 531-5774 or 617 532-2323.
instructions, and nice 1/16 thick black anodized and punched BankAmericard - Mastercharge. S10.03 minimum. No C.O.D's
chassis $88.00 please.
Same for 50 watt rms stereo amplifier includes two 25 watt
Sankens, etc $58.00 B.& F. ENTERPRISES
0 Same for 20 watt rms stereo, includes two 10 watt Sankens, Phone 1617) 5322323
etc. $30.00 P.O. Box 44, Hathorne, Massachusetts 01937
JUNE 1972 99
BURGLAR Alarm Systems equipment, dealers and private. Write: ELECTRONIC ORGAN KITS, keyboards, oscillator coils, I.C. tone
United Security, Box 2428, Dublin, Calif. 94566. generators, every component for electronic organ assembly,
25C for catalog. Devtronix Organ Products, 5872 Amapola Dr.,
PANORAMA of industrial and government electronic surplus in San Jose, Calif. 95129.
our monthly picture catalogs. Startronics, Box 17127, Portland,
SKILL -RATED construction plans. Free catalog. Systems -Mart,
Oregon 97217.
Box 25280, Portland, Oregon 97225.
ELECTRONIC HOBBYISTS and professional builders love our 3C JOHNSON CB RADIOS. Low discount prices, prepaid shipping.
film resistors; 160 electrolytics and 1% micas. Great catalog Mastercharge. Free list. Hughes Electronics, Box 6487A,
35C. Electrovalue-America, Box 276, Swarthmore, Pa. 19081. Asheville, N.C. 28806.
AMPEX FR100B 14 channel recorder $29.00, Weber, 4205
Sherrod,
ELECTROENCEPHALOPHONE, Brainwave feedback equipment. J&J
Enterprises, 24120-E 3rd West, Bothell, Wash. 98011. Pittsburgh, Pa. 15201.
BURGLAR -FIRE Alarms. Lowest prices. Catalog 50C. Gem, 6801

PRINTED Circuit Drill Bits. Trumbull, 833 Beira Drive, El Cerrito,
11th Avenue, Brooklyn, N.Y. 11219.
Calif. 94530.
SEVEN -SEGMENT DIGITAL CLOCK! Complete plans, schematics,
FREE Kit Catalog: Shortproof powersupply $39.50. Ultrasonic parts lists, and operating theory for discrete component Digital
Alarm $37.25. SWTPC, Box B32040, San Antonio, Tex. 78284. Clock -.$3.00. .
. Increase your understanding of Digital Cir-
catalog new electronic devices! World's smallest trans-
cuits, Logic Theory ...
COMPLETE COURSE in Digital Electronics
FREE
-all you need to know for Logic Designs -$10.00. DYNASIGN
mitter $19.95! Telephone Answerer $49.50! Telephone Recording -The House of Dynamic Designs, P.O. Box 60-A, Wayland, Mass.
Device $19.95! Lie Detector $19.95! Many more! Sonic Devices,
01778.
69-29E Queens Blvd., New York 11377.
12VDC to 400VDC converter kit. Excellent for COI. Mail $5.95
Laser parts catalog 60C, Moynihan, 107 North Brighton, Atlantic today, Converter, Box 1164, Norman, Okla 73069.
City, New Jersey 08401.
NEW! Electronic Touch Control Dimmer -Unbelievable. Attrac-
SURPLUS MINIATURE REGULATED POWER SUPPLIES for logic, tive clear case. Built-in night light. Non-volitable memory.
linear IC's, function mo tiles. Voltages: 5 to ±24V. Currents, $22.50, Kit $15,95. CDM, Box 573 -PE, Union City, Tenn. 38261.
25 to 1000 mA., $9.00 to $18.00. Stock list. Instant Instruments,
SURPLUS Electronic equipment, parts, test equipment. Bargain
306 River Street, Haverhill, MA. 01830.
prices. Catalog 25C. Jeft-Tronics, 4252-P Pearl Rd., Cleveland,
Ohio 44109.
FREE Catalog. Parts. Parts, circuit boards for Popular Electron-
ics projects. PAIA Electronics, Box C14359, Oklahoma City, OK DIGITAL and analog computer modules. LED numeric displays.
73114. Pulse generators. FREE LITERATURE. Scientific Measurements,
2945 Central, Wilmette, Illinois 60091.
FREE Kit Catalog: Color Organs $11.00. Psychedelic Strobes
$17.50. Professional quality-lowest prices. SWTPC, Box F32040, MAGNETIC PICKUP CD ignition plans. Write SES Enterprises,
San Antonio, Tex. 78284. Box 607, Ferndale, Wash. 98248.
SURPLUS Amplifiers, new $11.95, other items. Write: Glenn, P.O.
FIRE & BURGLAR ALARMS Box 565, N. Miami, Oklahoma 74358.
1972 Handbook & Catalog HOBBYISTS! Logic IC project kits. Combination Lock $5.95. Cata-
Save Hundreds. log free. John Huntley, 1351 Mahoney, Rodeo, Calif. 94572.
I'M selling out my electronics business. All or part. Includes

parts and equipment too numerous to list. 50% to 70% below
of Dollars wholesale. For itemized inventory and price list send $1.00;
Learn the cost of Professional Alarm deductible from any order. Aktronics, 2333 E. Bugle Drive,
Equipment. Know how it is installed. Chesapeake, Virginia 23321.
Discover how you can save Hundreds -
Of -Dollars by installing your own sys-
.. ALPHA THETA Brainwave Feedback Instrument. Relaxed aware-
tem. See the latest in technology such ness, meditation, body control. Inner Space Electronics, Box
as LASER BEAMS, INFRARED BODY
HEAT DETECTORS and ELECTRONIC 308PE, Berkeley, Calif. 94701.
SIRENS. 1972 "Handbook & Catalog",
84 pages, just $1.00 postage and handling. $1.00 is credited SURPLUS electronics for everyone. Free catalog. U.S. inquiries.
to first order. ETCO, 464 McGill, Montreal, Canada.
ALARM COMPONENT DISTRIBUTORS WHOLESALE Burglar Alarm supplies. Catalog $1.00 (refundable).
33 New Haven Ave., Dept. P.E., Milford, Conn. 06460 Ellin, 161C Boned, Chestnut Hill, Mass. 02167.
TEST EQUIPMENT, Aerospace -Laboratory Grade. Request your
AMATEUR SCIENTISTS, Electronics Experimenters, Science Fair needs; will mail appropriate catalogs (we have 24 catalog cate-
Students Construction Plans -Complete, including draw
. gories). Only for Engineers, Businesses, Schools and advanced
ings, schematics, parts list with prices and sources . . Long . Technicians. Goodheart, Box 1220, Beverly Hills, Calif. 90213.
Range "Sound Telescope" -This amazing device enables you to
hear conversations, birds and animals, other sounds hundreds BURGLAR -FIRE alarm supplies and information. Free catalog.
of feet away. Very directional. Transistorized, uses 9v battery Protecto Alarm Sales, Box 357-G, Birch Run, Michigan 48415.
-$3.00 Robot Man -Psychedelic shows-Lasers-Emo-
.
tion/Lie Detector -Touch -Tone Dial-Quadrasonic Adapter

-Transistorized Ignition -Burglar Alarm-Sound Meter PLANS AND KITS
over 60 items. Send 25C coin (no stamps) for complete catalog.
Technical Writers Group, Box 5994, State College Station,
Raleigh, N.C. 27607. FREE Kit Catalog: Why does every major College, University,
Technical School, Research & Development Center buy from us?
WE SELL CONSTRUCTION PLANS, Kits and Wired Units -silver Because we have the highest quality and lowest prices. Free
recovery unit -x-ray fluoroscope machine -chemical formulary catalog. SWTPC, Box H32040, San Antonio, Tex. 78284.
(home products)-200 watt inverter (12vdc-120vac)-coin clean-
er/electroplater-plans $5.00 each-alternator adapter (produce FREE Kit Catalog: Digital Microlab $29.95. Also Segmented and
120 volts from ANY alter,iated vehicle!) plans $6.95 -PLUS Nixie Readouts, Timebases, Scaler, Electronic Digital Clocks (all
MANY MORE -ask for FREE cata'og-Creative Products, Depart- featured in Popular Electronics) SWTPC, Box C32040, San
ment EF, 1551 East Loop 820, Fort Worth, Texas 76112. Antonio, Tex. 78284.

100
LOWEST PRICES: ON BRAND NEW FULLY TESTED 4 GUARANTEED ICS
BEST SERVICE: 10% DISCOUNT ON ALL ITEMS NOT SHIPPED IN 24 HOURS
MOST CONVENIENT: ORDER DESK 1-800-325-2595 (TOLL FREE)
LED
7-SEGMENT
PLEASE NOTE: To qualify for Drapes In the last three columns, you must order In EXACT DISPLAY
multiples of 10 per Item for all IC Items on your order.
$4.95 Each
ANY DOAVTITr MULTIPLES OF 10 ANY DANTITr MULTIPLES OF 10
r PER [m(MIX) PER 'TERMINI PER ITEM(m10) R ITEM(Isla) 50-99

100-999
04.75
Catalog 1- 100- 1000 100- 1000- 10000 Catalog 1- 100- 1000 100- 1000- 10000 54.50
Number 999 1000 -up $4.25
99 999 9990 :lumber 99 999 up__ 999 9990
7400 .26 .25 .23 .22 .21 .20 74122 .70 .67 .63 .60 .56 .53
7401 .26 .25 .23 .22 .21 .20 74123 1.21 1.06 1.00 .94 .89 .83 Large 4. 7 -segment LED readout similar to
7402 .26 .25 .23 .22 .21 .20 7.1141 1.63 1.55 1.46 1.38 1.29 1.20 the popular MAN -1 but with improved bright-
7403 .26 .25 .23 .22 .21 .20 74145 1.41 1.33 1.26 1.18 1.11 1.04 ness. Has left-hand decimal point. Fits in
7404 .28 .27 .25 .24 .22 .21 74190 1.63 1.55 1.46 1.38 1.29 1.20 a DIP soeket. Expected life: Over 100 Yrs,
i Regularly $12.95 in single lots. These a
7405 .28 .27 .25 .24 .22 .21 74191 1.20 1.13 1.07 1.01 .95 .88 BRAND NET with full data sheet and 4 -page
7406 .52 .50 .47 .44 .42 .39 74153 1.63 1.55 1.46 1.38 1.29 1.20 MULTIPLE:5ING Application Note. Needs a 7447
7407 .52 .50 .47 .44 .42 .79 74154 2.43 2.30 2.16 2.03 1.89 1.08 for driver and ONE CURRENT -LIMITING RESIST-
7408 .32 .70 .29 .27 .26 .24 74105 1.46 1.39 1.31 1.23 1.16 1.08 OR PER SEGMENT. We supply you with one
7409 .32 .30 .29 .27 .26 .24 74156 1.46 1.39 1.31 1.23 1.16 1.08 0or ten thousand FROM STOCK. Also available,
1 OVERF:4H digit at the Same prices. Mix-
7410 .26 .25 .23 .22 .21 .20 74157 1.56 1.48 1.39 1.31 1.23 1.15 ing of e.gular a Overflow digit allowed.
7411 .26 .27 .25 .24 .22 .21 74158 1.56 1.48 1.39 1.31 1.23 1.15
7413 .58 .55 .52 .49 .46 .44 741E0 1.89 1.79 1.68 1.58 1.47 1.37 Package of 8, 470 , 4w limiting R's 300
7416 .52 .50 .47 .44 .42 .39 74161 1.89 1.79 1.68 1.58 1.47 1.37
7417 .52 .50 .47 .44 .42 .39 74162 1.89 1.79 1.68 1.58 1.47 1.37 Incandescent Type of 7 -segment
display. With right-hand decimal
7420 .26 .25 .23 .22 .21 .20 74163 1.89 1.79 1.68 1.58 1.47 1.37 point. Rated 8mA per segment at
7421 .26 .25 .23 .22 .21 .20 74180 1.20 1.13 1.07 1.01 .95 .88 TTL supply of 5V. Design life of
7426 .34 .32 .31 .29 .27 .26 74181 5.20 4.90 4.59 4.28 3.98 3.67 50,000 hours. Needs a 7447 as
7430 .26 .25 .23 .22 .21 .20 74182 1.20 1.13 1.07 1.01 .95 .88 driver. In DIP Package. Each $3.25
7437 .56 .53 .50 .48 .45 .42 74192 1.98 1.87 1.76 1.65 1.54 1.43
7438 .56 .53 .50 .48 .45 .42 74193 1.98 1.87 1.76 1.65 1.54 1.43 MOLEX IC SOCKET PINS: Use these
7440 .26 .25 .23 .22 .21 .20 74198 2.81 2.65 2.50 2.34 2.1B 2.03 economical pins instead of solder-
7441 1.73 1.64 1.55 1.46 1.37 1.27 74199 2.81 2.65 2.50 2.34 2.18 2.03 ing your IC's to PC boards. Sold ,-,
7442 1.27 1.21 1.14 1.07 1.01 .94 in continuous strips in multiples
7443 1.27 1.21 1.14 1.07 1.01 .94 of 100 pins only.
100 for 11.00: 200 for $1.80: 300 for $2.60
7444 1.27 1.21 1.14 1.07 1.01 .94 I.E501. 2.99 2.82 2.66 2.49 2.32 2.16 400 for 53.40; 500 for 54.20; 600 for $5.00
7445 1.71 1.62 1.53 1.44 1.35 1.26 5'2531. 3.81 3.58 3.36 3.14 2.91 2.69 700 for $5.80; 800 for $6.60: 900 for $7.40
7446 1.24 1.17 1.11 1.04 .98 .91 s7E533 3.81 3.58 3.36 3.14 2.91 2.69 1000 for $8.20. Each additional 1000 $7.50
7447 1.16 1.10 1.04 .98 .92 .85 :$0535 7.31 6.88 6.45 6.02 5.59 5.16
7448 1.44 1.37 1.29 1.22 1.14 1.06 i0540 2.16 2.04 1.92 1.80 1.68 1.56
7450 .26 .21 .91

ALLEN -BRADLEY MIL-GRADE (5 -BAND) RESISTORS.
.25 .23 .22 .20 .`2550 1.24 1.17 1.11 1.04 .98
7451 .26 .25 .23 .22 .21 3.57 2.73 2.52 Any of the 84 STANDARD 104 values from 2.70
.20 2,6560 3.36 3.15 2.94
7453 .26 .25 .23 .22 .21 .20 NE561 3.57 3.36 3.15 2.94 2.73 2.52 to 22(10. WATT. EACN
1, 50
7454 .26 .25 .23 .22 .21 .20 :1E561 1.57 3.36 3.15 2.94 2.73 2.52
7460 .26 .25 .21 .22 .21 NF565 3.57 3.36 2.94 2.73 2.52 CERAMIC DISC CAPACITORS. Type 500-10000VOC.
.20 3.15
5, 7.5, 18, 12, 15, 20, 22, 25, 27, 30, 33,
7470 72566 3.36 2.73 2.52 39, 50, 56, 68, 75, 82, 100, 120, 150, 180,
.42 .40 .38 .36 .34 .32 3.57 3.15 2.94
7472 NE567 2.94 2.73 2.52 200, 220, 250, 270, 300, 330, 360, 390,
.38 .36 .34 .32 .30 .29 3.57 3.36 3.15
7473 .50 .48 .45 .41 .40 .38 N5111 .90 .86 .81 .77 .72 .68 470, 500, 560, 680, 750, 820, 1000, 1200,
7474 .50 .48 .45 .43 .40 .38 05556 1.87 1.77 1.66 1.56 1.46 1.35 1500, 1800, 2000, 2200, 2500, 2700, 3000,
7475 .80 .76 N5558 .80 .76 .72 .69 .64 .60 3300, 390E, 4700, 5000uuF. EACH 100
.72 .68 .64 .60
0.01uF. Each 110 0.02uF. EACH 120
7476 .56 .53 .50 .48 .45 .42 115595 3.40 3.20 3.00 2.80 2.60 2.40
7480 1.46 1.35 LOO VOLTAGE DISCS, Type UK.
.76 .72 .68 .65 .61 .57 05596 1.87 1.77 1.66 1.56
1.0 uF, 30 250 2.2 iF, 30 300
7483 1.63 1.55 1.46 1.38 1.29 1.20 709 .42 .43 .38 .36 .34 .32
0.1 uF, 1CV 120 0.2 uF, 10V 200
7486 .59 .55 .52 .49 .46 .44 710 .42 .40 .38 .36 .34 .32
0.471F, 3V 250 0.01uF, 16V 100
7489 4.25 4.00 3.75 3.50 3.25 3.00 711 .44 .42 .40 .37 .35 .33
7490 .80 .76 .72 .68 .64 723 1.00 .95 .90 .85 .80 .75
ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITORS:
.60
7491 1.43 1.35 1.28 1.20 1.13 1.05 741 .44 .42 .40 .37 .35 .33
All values are available in both, axial or
7492 .80 .76 .72 .68 .64 .60 748 .48 .46 .43 .41 .38 .36
upright (PC Board) mount. PLEASE INDICATE
7493 .80 .76 .72 .68 .64 .60
YOUR CHOICE.
10 'iF, 159 150 100 ir, 25V 250
7494 1.18 1.12 1.05 .99 .93 .87
500 uF, 250 300 1000 uF, 35V 500
7495 1.16 1.12 1.05 .99 .93 .87 111270 .15 .14 .13 .12 .11 .10
7496 1.18 1.12 1.05 .99 .93 .87 137511, .30 .28 .26 .24 .22 .20
74100 1.52 1.44 1.36 1.28 10914 .10 .09 .08 .07 .06 .05
VOLTAGE REGULATORS. Internally -set, overload
1.20 1.12
74107 .52 11)4002 .15 .14 .13 .12 .11 .10 and short -Circuit proof regulators need no
.49 .47 .44 .42 .39
74121 .56 .53 .50 .48 .45 .42 104154 .15 .14 .13 .12 .11 .10
external components to set. With data sheet
223860 .25 .23 .21 .19 .17 .15 and application notes. TO -3 Package.
111-335, 5V, 600mA $2.85
All IC's are supplied in 8-, 14-, 16-, or 24-p n DIP (Dual -in -Line) plastic package, except 110-336, 120, 500mA 03.85
LM -337, 15V, 450mA $4.05
for NE536,NE537, NE540, and 56540 which Come n TO -5 package.
We give FREE data sheets upon request, so ask for Nose data sheets that you NEED, even n for
20 Watt PC-Board Type HEAT SINK $1.20
those listed IC's that you are not buying. On orders over $25.00 we'll send you a w270-
instead. Orders overe
page COMPLETE TTL IC data book FREE. Or, you may obtaind
$50.00 will receive both books. Ordersv
w 240 -page LINEAR data n book
over $100.00 will receive
complete LIBRARY of DIGITAL a LINEAR data a application books totaling 1000 pages FREE
PLEASE NOTE: Data books are shipped separate from your order. Please allow two weeks for
STANCOR P-2180, 25.2 VCT,
Ideal
-Amp Transformer.
1
for use with LM -series. Each....03.00
delivery.
SOLID STATE SYSTEMS, INC.
P. O. BOX 773
COLUMBIA, MO.65201
UNIVERSAL DECADE COUNTING UNITS PHONE 314-443-3673
master charge
1. Easy to read single plane LED or Filament -type Readout with Price (Per Decade): TWX 910-760-1453
wide angle viewing.
2. BCD Outputs vailable Basic Unit consisting of
3. Readout Lamp Test 7490, 7447, Filament -type TERMS: EATEN FIRMS NET 30 DAYS. Others CHECK
4. Selectable Ripple Blanking 7 -segment Readout....$8.00 or MONEY ORDER with order. Add 350 to orders
5. Selectable Decimal Point under $5.00 for postage a handling. For UPS
6. Counter Reset Options: add 450 and for AIR MAIL add 650 to your
P 7. Plug-ln Module For LED Readouts instead order; we pay the balance. If you served
8. Molex Sockets for all IC's a Readout of Filament -type add $2.00 by UPS in your a strongly r end
9. Tin -Plated G-10, 2 -oz Copper, Glass Epoxy Board For 7475 Latch add...01.29 Nis service with e itsw built-in $100 inCoe-
10. Your choice of 1 to 6 decades on e P.C. board. For 74176 instead of an. COD orders are FOB Columbia with 650
11. Grouping of 2 or more readouts on the same card, for custom 7490 add $0.50 COD fee additional. Canadian residents please
designed appearance. For 74192 instead of add 500 for INSURANCE.
12. 5 -Volt TTL compatable single supply. 7490 add $1.00
13. First in a series of universal plug-in modules to be introduced For 74196 instead of MISSOURI RESIDENTS: Please add 40 Sales Tax.
for frequency counting, time measurements, event counting, 7490 add $0.75
DVM, magnitude comparison, etc. For Fully aasembled and WRITE OR CIRCLE READER SERVICE CARD FOR OUR
14. Well documented application note with step-by-step assembly and tested unit add $2.50 CATALOG OF FARTS a SERVICES. IT'S FREE.
hook-up instructions.
JUNE 1972 101

PORTABLE Digital V -O -M Kit push-button Ranging Switch. Com- QUICK CASH ... for Electronic Tubes, Semi -Conductors, Equip-
pact (8x5x3) size. Battery or A.C. operation. P.O. Box 1281, ment (Receivers, Transmitters, Scopes, Vacuum Variables etc.)
Minnetonka, Minnesota 55343. Send lists now! Write: Barry Electronics, 512 Broadway, New
York, NY 10012. (212) 925-7000.
FREE Kit Catalog: Amazing new Universal Digital Instruments
with plugins as featured in Popular Electronics. Unbeatable WANTED TO BUY OR RENT: Starlight, Infrared, or other Night
prices. SWTPC, Box D32040, San Antonio, Tex. 78284. Observation Equipment-Military or Commercial Manufacture.
Ed Killam, Dept. of Zoology, Colorado State University, Fort
FREE BROCHURE. All new way to faster, better circuit develop- Collins, Colorado 80521.
ment and digital logic design. In kit or assembled form.
Exceltech, Inc., Box 17056, San Diego, Calif. 92117.
ELECTRICAL SUPPLIES s
BUILD your own telephone answering service. Detailed plans AND EQUIPMENT
$3.90. Don't miss another call. Tonascope-A, 400 Third Ave.,
Satellite Beach, Florida 32937. PLATING Equipment, Portable Platers, Supplies and "Know -
How." Build your own tanks for nickel, chrome, etc. Easy -to -
FREE Electronics plans and kit catalog. McCord Electronics, Box
41, Sylvania, Ohio 43560.
install PVC liners. Rectifier components-all sizes. Schematics,
parts lists, formulas, operating instructions for all plating,
BRAINWAVES-Build your own machine. We have plans, kits. Guaranteed to save you 25%-75%. Some good units for sale.
Write: Extended Digitial Concepts, Box 9161, Berkeley, Calif. Write for details. Platers Service Company, 1511 -PE Esperanza,
94709. Los Angeles. Calif. 90023.
CIRCUIT BOARDS made to your schematic. SKEPE, 2502 Castle

HIGH FIDELITY Rock, Diamond Bar, California 91765.
DIAMOND NEEDLES and Stereo Cartridges at Discount prices for

Shure, Pickering, Stanton, Empire, Grado and ADC. Send for free TUBES
catalog. All merchandise brand new and factory sealed. LYLE
CARTRIDGES, Dept. P, P.O. Box 69, Kensington Station, Brooklyn,
RADIO & T.V. Tubes -36C each. Send for free Catalog. Cornell,
New York 11218.
4213 University, San Diego, Calif. 92105.
STEREO Components at lowest prices. Send for free catalog.
Carston, Box 1094-A, Danbury, Conn. 06810. RECEIVING & INDUSTRIAL TUBES, TRANSISTORS. All Brands-
Biggest Discounts. Technicians, Hobbyists, Experimenters-Re-
FREE Kit Catalog. Amplifiers: Lil Tiger $11.10, Universal Tiger quest FREE Giant Catalog and SAVE! ZALYTRON, 469 Jericho Turn-
$30.00. Preamp $44.50 (Featured in Popular Electronics) Mixer -6 pike, Mineola, N.Y. 11501.
Input $13.75. SWTPC, Box A32040, San Antonio, Tex. 78284.
SAVE money on parts and transmitting -receiving tubes, foreign -
domestic. Send 25C for giant catalog. Refunded first order.
WANTED United Radio Company, 56-P Ferry Street, Newark, N.J. 07105.
QUICKSILVER, Platinum, Silver, Gold, Ores Analyzed. Free Circu- TUBES"Oldies", latest. Lists free. Steinmetz, 7519 Maplewood,
lar. Mercury Terminal, Norwood, Mass. 02062. Hammond, Indiana 46324.
CASH immediately for old Gold, Silver, Platinum, Mercury, TUBES receiving, factory boxed, low prices, free price list.
Watches, Diamonds. Free information. Rose Industries, 29-PB Transleteronic, Inc., 1306 40th Street, Brooklyn, N.Y. 11218A,
East Madison, Chicago III. 60602. Telephone: 212-633-2800.
CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING ORDER FORM

Please refer to heading on first page of this section for complete data concerning terms, frequency discounts,
closing dates, etc.
1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15
16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25
26 27 28 29 30
31 32 33 34 35
@o $1.00
(Reader Rate) (
Words { @ $1.50 (Commercial Rate) I
Insert time(s) Total Enclosed $
NAMF
ADDRESS
CITY STATF 71P
Signature
WORD COUNT: Include name and address. Name of city (Des Moines) or of state (New York) counts as one word each. Zip Code
numbers not counted. (Publisher reserves right to omit Zip Code if space does not permit.) Count each abbreviation, initial,
single figure or group of figures or letters as a word. Symbols such as 35mm, COD, PO, AC, etc., count as one word. Hyphenated
words count as two words. PE672

ELECTRONIC TUBES, Semiconductors, Equipment, Telephones,
Public Address, Intercoms, CB, Walkie -Talkies, etc. Quality Mer-
chandise Only! Serving Engineers, Purchasing Agents, TV/Hi-Fi
Servicemen and Hams for 28 years, Domestic and Export. Write
for Catalog or call (212) 925.7000. BARRY ELECTRONICS, 512
Broadway, New York, N. Y. 10012.
(-
WILL
*
LIBERTY PAYS MORE!
ELECTRON TUBES
BUY FOR CASH
ALL TYPES:
-
* SEMICONDUCTORS
TAPE AND RECORDERS * TEST EQUIPMENT
* Military Electronic Equipment
WIRE -WRITE -PHONE COLLECT
STEREO TAPE RENTAL for particular people. Free catalog. Gold We pay freight on all purchases -on above only!
Coast Tape Library, Box 2262, Palm Village Station, Hialeah, Fla.
33012. LIBERTY OFFERS MORE!
PRESTEL FIELD STRENGTH METER
BUY Irish Tape Open Reel & Cassettes & 8 -Track Blanks at
Discount Prices. Write: Direct Mail Cassette Corp., Box 71, (Model 6T4G)
Plainview, N.Y. 11803. Only
RECORDING TAPE made by top American manufacturer, guaran- $142.00
teed not "seconds" or "white box"; 2400' mylar, $2.29; 1800' F.O.B. New York
mylar $1.69; 1200' acetate 5.79. Send for information and quan-
tity pricing. Alsheimer Audio Electronics, 218 Columbia Street, Model MCI6
Larger loud speaking
Utica, New York 13502. model -2.5
microvolt
only 5317.00 F.O.B.
OLD Radio Programs on cassettes or reels. High quality, low New York
prices, thousands to choose from, professional equipment, * Never Anything Like It!
catalog 500. Remember Radio Inc., Box 2513, Norman, Okla.
73069.
* I -Man Can Do A Better Job than
3 in the Same Time!
* A Gold -Mine for Antenna Installers!
RENT 4 -Track open reel tapes -all

major labels -3,000 different Calibrated from 40 to 231;, and 470 to 860 in 4 Bands
-free brochure. Stereo-Parti, 55 St. James Drive, Santa Rosa, Megahertz, from 10 to 50,000 Microvolts. Nothing makes it
Ca. 95401. easier to properly and speedily find the correct place to
install TV, FM and Communication Antennas. You can measure
and hear the signals with this 41/2 volt battery economically
MEMOREX recording tape, audio & video lowest prices, write for powered unit.
free information. Bergetz Systems Co., Box 1181, Melrose Park,
III. 60161. LIBERTY ELECTRONICS, Inc.
548 Broadway, New York, New York 10012
VIDEO Tape in. wide from the number one manufacturer. Re-
1/2 Phone (212) 92S-6000
conditioned and guaranteed. 30 minutes $5.50. 60 minutes
$9.25 plus shipping. EHI, P. 0. Box 20643, San Diego, Calif. Circle No. 26 on Reader Service Card
92120.
GREGORY ELECTRONICS
RECORDING? DUBBING? EDITING? Use the "Oubie" control. In- Reconditioned & Used
°
°
tegrate two or more recorders into your music system. End tan- FM 2-WAY RADIO SAVINGS
gled cables, ruined tapes. Brochure 1-5, Dubie Co., 1509
Oklahoma, Norman, Okla. 73069. Par#aO List -Send for New Catalog
-
RENT Stereo Tapes, open reel cartridges, cassettes. Complete

catalogue $0.75. Write: Caltape, P. 0. Box 5716, Redwood City,
Calif. 94063.
MOTOROLA U44BBT
450-470 MHz
12 volt, 15 watts transistor
REPAIRS AND SERVICES
power supply.
TV Tuners rebuilt and aligned per manufacturers specification.
Only $9.50. Any make UHF or VHF Ninety day written guarantee.
Ship complete with tubes or write for free mailing kit and dealer
brochure. JW Electronics, Box 51C, Bloomington, Indiana 47401. With accessories
$48 add $30.00
DO-IT-YOURSELF MA/E13 MA/E33

30-50 MHz 150-170 MHz
PROFESSIONAL ELECTRONICS PROJECTS -$1.00 up. Catalog 250. 6/12 volt, 30 watts,
PARKS, Box 25665A, Seattle, Wash. 98125.
6/12 volt, 30 watts, vibrator power supply
vibrator power supply
PARTNERSHIP CHESS -Send $1.00 for booklet of rules and in-
structions: Szczur, 631 Manchester, Norristown, Penna. 19403.
$48 $68
With accessories, add $30.
(Earlier serial number, $48.
INSTRUCTION With accessories, add $30. plus $30. for accessories)
(Earlier serial number, 520. Same as above (RX wide
plus $30. for accessories) band) add 510.
LEARN ELECTRONIC includ-

ORGAN SERVICING at home all makes
mobile units in stock!
ing transistor. Experimental kit -trouble -shooting. Accredited
15,000 2 -way FM
Send for new 1972 catalog
NHSC, Free Booklet. NILES BRYANT SCHOOL, 3631 Stockton,
Dept. A, Sacramento, Calif. 95820.
GREGORY .ELECTRONICS CORP.
LEARN WHILE ASLEEP, Hypnotize!
Strange catalog free. Auto- 249-F Rt.. 46, Saddle Brook, N.J. 07662 ,-
suggestion, Box 24ZD, Olympia, Washington 98501. Phone; 1201) 4139.9000 .
Circle No. 22 on (Reader Service Card

JUNE 1972 103
LEDS These regulated power supplies have been de- C108 COMMANDER
FLV 100 VIS LED'S 5 70 signed to provide complementary power for OP- ELECTRONIC CALCULATOR
erational Amplifiers, Functional Modules. A -D $189
GaAs IR LED'S 70
& D.A Converters and Digital Logic. Ands, subtracts, multiplies,
MRD 140 Photo darlingtons 70 The supplies are completely self contained (no
divides
Does and chain
VARIABLE CAPACITANCE external narts required). Epoxy encapsulation calculations
mixed
provides properties close to a true hermetic Accomplishes true credit
DIODES seal. balance examples
Has la -digit entry and readout
(Similar to sed to
1N5463A) used FEATURES I6 -digit decimal r undoff
tune VHF. color TV, & FM Short Circuit Protected Its a correction ICI] key
Compact Size lets you entry
broadcast sets 5 95 without destroying earlier cal-
No Deratino Over Specified Operating culations
PROGRAMMABLE UJT's Range Keyboard rollover memory is
for Preventing mnaccp
Similar to D13T $ 75 raCat
te entries
MODEL 5E904 5E902 5E309 5E905 AC 115/230V, 50/60 Hz
Output Voltage (VDC) t15 ±15 5 5
Super Large Scale Integration
(LSI)
7400 Quad 2 input gate 5 30 Height 2^ x Width 61/2" x
7401 Quad 2 input NAND Output Current (MA) 50 100 500 10010 Length 9"
gate OC 30 Line (105-125 VAC) Weight: 3 lbs.
7404 Hex Inverter 40 Regulation (MAX) 0.O5410 0.05% 0.09°/o 0.05% 2N3584 250 Viceo
7413 Dual Schmid trigger .1 75 518.95 526.95 522.95 534.95 NPN 2A Silicon Trans..$1.95
7441 BCD Decimal 2N3055 7 arlip NPN
Decoder 1 75 NE 565 Phase lock loops 54.75 Silicon Power Rectifiers Silicon Transistor ....51.00
7447 BCD to seven Miniature trim pots, S00 ohms, PRV lA I2A 5OA
decoder/driver ....2.00 10K, 20K, 25K, 50K 5.75 each 100
3A
.09 .30
DECADE COUNTER KIT
7473 Dual JK Flip Flop .. .90 .06 .85 Consisting of:
or 3 toy 52.00. 200 .07 .1G .35 1.25 1 -Nixie tube & socket (8754)
7475 Quad Bistable Latch.1.25 1-7490
7476 Dyyal Mast -Slave JK
File Flop 1 00
400 PRV 5A Full Wave
Bridge 51.40
400
600
.09
.11
.20
.30
.45
.70
I.50
I.80
1_7475
1-7441 $6.75
7480 Full Adder 1 75 200 PRV 15A 1/2 Wave 800 .15 .40 .85 2.30 709C OPER AMP $ .50
7483 4 Bit binary full Bridge 5.95 1000 .20 .55 1.10 2.75 741 OPER. AMP. S .50
adder 1 95 723 VOLTAGE
7490 Decade Counter ....1 50 TRIACS REGULATOR $1.25
Silicon Control Rectifiers.
7492 Divide By Twelve ..1 75 PRV lA lOA 15A 20A PRV 3A 7A 20A 70A NIXIE TUBES
7495 4 Bit LR Shift Rc4.1 50 100 .40 .70 1.00 1.20 50 .25 .32 Similar to Raytheon
74121 Monostable Multi - 200 .70 1.10 1.50 1.60 100 .30 8754. with socket Si
Vibrator 90 .45 1.00 3.50 data sheet 52.75
74192 Up/Down Counter ..3 00 300 .90 1.35 1.90 2.00 200 .50 .75 1.25 6.50
8570 8 bit SIPO shift req .1 75 400 1.10 1.60 2.70 2.40 300 .60 .90 1.50 Terms: FOB Cambridge. Mass.
Send check or Money Order. In-
8590 8 Bit PISO Shift req .1 75 500 1.50 2.00 3.20 2.80 400 .70 1.10 1.75 9.50 clude Postage. Average Wt. per
748 Adjust ....741....5 95 Press Fit 500 .80 1.25 2.00 package 'A. lb. No C.O.D.'S.
Dual 709 $1.39
T1543 UJT's
2N3819 N Channel
.... .50
.
FETs .45 600 .90 1.40 2.25 11.00 Minimum Order 53.00
Rated companies 30 days net
Send $.20 for our Latest catalog featuring Transistors and Rectifiers; 325 Elm St., Cambridge, Mass.
SOLID STAT É S -ÁL E S

Post Office Box 74A.
-
Somerville, Mass. 02143 . Tel. (617) 547.4005

F. C. C. 1st phone license training in 5 weeks. R.E.I.'s
intensive training produces outstanding results. For information
and free brochure call toll free: 1-800-237-2251, or write home
PASS FCC._ with new 21 lesson, 450
page course. Over 600 FCC- ;
office, Radio Engineering Incorporated Schools, 1336 Main FIRST AND type multiple-choice ques-
Street, Sarasota, Florida 33577. Florida residents call (813)
SECOND CLASS tions included. Starts with
955-6922. basic electricity. No pre-
EXAMINATIONS vious experience required. a
HIGHLY effective home study courses in Electronics Engineering

Technology and Electronics Engineering Mathematics. Earn your AMECO PUBLISHING only $5.95
Degree. Write for Free Descriptive Literature. Cook's Institute of 314-P Hillside Ave., Williston Park, N. Y. 11596
Electronics Engineering, (Dept. 15), P.O. Box 10634, Jackson,
Miss. 39209. (Established 1945).
ASSOCIATE DEGREE IN ELECTRONICS through correspondence PERSONALS
instruction. G.I. Bill approved. Free catalog. Grantham, 1509 N.
Western, Hollywood, California 90027.
F.C.C. TYPE EXAM . Guaranteed to prepare you for F.C.C,
.
INVESTIGATORS, Latest Electronics Aids. Free Literature. Clifton,
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INVENTIONS WANTED
EXAM
F;C.C: MANUAL/ INVENTIONS wanted. Patented; unpatented. Marketing
Global
The Original Test-answers exam manual
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COMMAND PRODUCTIONS P.O. BOX 26348-P° 9, 79 Wall Street, N.Y., N.Y. 10005.
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104 POPULAR ELEC1RONICS Including Electronics World

FREE "Directory of 500 Corporations Seeking New Products."
For information regarding development, sale, licensing of your
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READOUT TUBE SPECIAL
230-GR Park Avenue, New York City 10017.
POWER TRANSFORMER SPECIALS
INVENTORS: Protect your ideas! Free "Recommended Proce- NATIONAL ELECTRONICS NL-874
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Complete with data sheet.
TUBE & SOCKET STOCK NO. F5024
FREE PAMPHLET: "Tips on Safeguarding Your Invention." Write: 2.85 per set 3/8.00
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STOCK NO. F9254 3.00 ea. 3/8.00
GOVERNMENT SURPLUS Dual primaries, dual secondaries. Makes 12 volt 4
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STOCK NO. F9202 2.95 ea. 2/5.00
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Send for your copy today! Fair Radio Sales, Box 1105-P, Lima, Many voltage combinations possible.
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Michigan 49423.
MINIMUM ORDER $3.00
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MANUALS for gov't. surplus radios, test sets, scopes, etc. List
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DELTA ELECTRONICS CO.
BOX 1, LYNN, MASSACHUSETTS 01903
BOOKS
FREE catalog aviation/electronic/space books. Aero Publishers, FREE CATALOGS. Repair air conditioning, refrigeration. Tools, sup-
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DISTRIBUTE "Mini -tools" for "Maxi" profits! Complete details
RUBBER STAMPS and samples $1.00 (refundable:. Cash Industries, P.O. Box 4804,
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Jackson's, Box 443-G, Franklin Park, Illinois 60131. from any alternator. Big profit margin! ($20.00 value!) $11.50
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BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES
PIANO TUNING learned quickly at home. Tremendous field! Musi-
cal knowledge unnecessary. GI Approved. Information Free.
I MADE$40,000.00 Year by Mailorder! Helped others make Empire School, Box 327, Miami Florida 33145.
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JUNE 1972 105

MOVIE FILMS
ANNUAL \1A1,11
- $3.99 SEND 50C for Pro Sports Film Catalog-Save $1.00 on first pur-
.. ... ... -
Time Ever! O MINI -7
YIuresrrnt.
--$3.99
Blue -Green -
chase. BASEBALL . FOOTBALL HOCKEY BASKETBALL
your choice Super 8/8mm, Color or B&W. SPORTLITE, Dept.
.l
A Socket 50c
---
3L.,SLIM-7 ELECT., 20 N. Wacker Drive, Chicago, IL 60606.
nl_I NUMERIC rinnrrarent IlIuc-Green
Socket 500
7-SEG. 9 -PIN $3.99 -
tk¿Vo NIXIE
READOUTS
AN D EA.
Buy Any 2
for $4.00
Incandescent Iced
0 Socket
NIXIE
50c
B-7971 0-9. A-7.

Socket 50c
-- $3.99 P
RESORTS AND TRAVEL
Filament V.
WORLDWIDE Yacht Charter Guide, 456b Shelbourne, Grosse
II. 5V. Characters
MINI.7. 1.75 1.7" 1.360 x .570"
x 1.5V AC/DC 42 mils Pointe, Michigan 48236. $2 postpaid.
SLIM -7. 1.6 0.375" .40 x .20"
x 1.5V AC/DC 42 mils
9 -PIN 1.375 0.5" .47 x .26"
x 5.0V AC/DC 23 mils
NIXIE 4.125 2.0" 2.5 x 170V AC/DC
Compatible to 7segment driver IC's.
All 3 have 0-9 numerals, decimals and letters.
BRAND NEW LINEAR IC AMPS
TREASURE FINDERS
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711C Memory, Sense, Amps* .59 2 for .60
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FISHER DETECTORS. You deserve the best. Free
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LOWEST PRICES FOR

LED READOUTS
0.9numoers and 9 letters. Compatible with SN7446
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20 -mils. SO('KET YOB ABOVE 5Oc ea.
4.50
-
`` 1
`S
s -
3
$12
for
I
TRANSISTORIZED detectors -$19.95 to $79.95. Family fun and
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07763.
DECADE --SEGMENT HYPNOTISM

NIXIE
COUNTING Any 7490Fí11 KIT
System 7490
7447
SYSTEM 7441
KITS
3 FOR $18. Ea.
V. 7475
Socket
Mini -7, o,
Slim -7
7475
Socket
Nixie
"MALE -FEMALE Hypnotism" Exposed, Explained! "Secret Method"
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"JUMBO" LEDS LOWEST PRICES
El infra-Red"Invisible"
RED "Visible" 3 for 1.75
69 TY IN U.S.A. SLEEP
ASR
learning. Hypnotic method. 92% effective. Details free.
Foundation, Box 7545PL, Fort Lauderdale, Florida 33304.
FREE Hypnotism. Self -Hypnosis. Sleep Learning Catalog! Drawer

TO -5 TRIACS H400, Ruisoso, New Mexico 88345.
PRY 3A CA
I (Ill I7 .35 .49 Buy Any 3 Take
21)11 0 .59 .79 10%. Discount
:100 0 .79 .95 Dimmers
ano .99 0 1.15 SN7400N 5.25 EMPLOYMENT INFORMATION
500 1.35 1.55 Motor Control SN7401N .25
SN7402N .25
.25
MINI LED
READOUT
O 3.503 for 9.00
SN7404N
SN7410N
SN7411N
SN7420N
.25
.30
.25
EXCITING Overseas jobs. Directory $1.00. Research Associates,
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SN7430N
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PHASE LOCK SN7474N .45
SN7476N .62 Service, Dept. EW, Box 240, Northport, N.Y. 11768.
LOOPS SN7481N 1.50
SN7483N 1.45
565 Phase Lock Loop 1.15
4.50
3 for $12.
566 Function Generator
567 Tone Decoder
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SN7493N
SN7494N
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1.15
1.25
1.26
PLASTICS
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VUC OUTPUT flexiblemolds over any pattern. Manual 25C. CASTOLITE,
15 VUC OUTPUT 5
Sill.. Sale Mils Sale 72F/PE1, Woodstock, III. 60098.
3 25 $14.95 0 500 $29.95
O 50 19.95 1000 39.95 EMBED any component in clear Castolite. Manual 25C. CASTO-
100 24.95 Size: :1 I,n21_xl"
LITE, 72F/PE2, Woodstock, III. 60098.
Terms: add postage, cod's 25 9n. Rated: net 30
Phone Orders: Wakefield, Mass. (617) 245-3029
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C.O.D.'S MAY BE PIIOYBD IN
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MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
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30% DISCOUNT name brand musical instruments. Free catalog.

CIRCLE NO. 32 ON READER SERVICE CARD Freeport Music, 127-N Sunrise Highway, Freeport, N.Y. 11520.

MUSIC
SONGS - POEMS
Wanted for publishing and
POPULAR ELECTRONICS
Including Electronics World
JUNE 1972
recording consideration.
Accepted songs will be published 8 recorded
at our expense for information write to ADVERTISERS INDEX
Talent, 17 -PE Longwood Rd., Ouinty, Ma. 02169
READER
SERVICE NO. ADVERTISER PAGE NO.
POEMS 8 LYRICS OF RELIGIOUS. REVERANT & 3 Antenna Specialists Co.. The 83
NATURE WANTED FOR IMMEDIATE 4 B. & F. Enterprises 99
RECORDING. WE ARE ONLY INTERESTED IN
7 B&B Division, Dynascan Corporation 22
SONGS OF HOPE. GOD'S LOVE. THE COMFORT
OF HIS WORDS AND WISDOM. SEND TO: 8 BSR (USA) Ltd 96
Bell & Howell Schools 90, 91, 92
lt CATHEDRAL RECORDING CO.
- 93
10 Bose Corporation 15
P.O. BOX 78, STUDIO PE
I.i;"iiINSPIRED Burstein-Applehee Co. 95
NO. WEYMOUTH, MASS. 02191 CRE1, A Division of the McGraw -H111
Continuing Education Company 54. 55, 56, 57
CTS of Paducah. Inc.
MAGAZINES 11
12 Cleveland Institute of Electronics

85
72, 73, 74, 75
13 Crystek 81
Delta Electronics
GUIDE TO EARNING 14
15 Delta Products. Inc.

Co. 105
69
EXTRA INCOME 16 EICO 95
A Ziff -Davis Publication 17
18
Edmund Scientific Co.
El Instruments. Inc.
leo
All new-first time ever pub- 8
lished! Everything you need to 1 Electro -Voice, Inc. FOURTH COVER

know about full and part time 2 Electro -Voice. Inc. FOURTH COVER
money -making. How to start 19 Environmental Products 10, II
your own mail order business
20 GC Electronics 94
22 proven and profitable home
business ideas How to earn Grantham School of Engineering 7
1} extra $'s Franchising Vend- 22 Gregory Electronics Corp. 103
ing machines Advice on cut- 23 Heath Company - 63
ting living costs. Only 75t
24 Johnson Company, E.F 14
Order from Ziff -Davis Service Division,
595 Broadway, New York, New York 10012. 25 Lafayette Radio Electronics 81
Enclose an additional 25c for postage and handling. 26 Liberty Electronics. Inc. 103
27 McIntosh Laboratory, lee. 89
28 MITS, Inc. 87
MISCELLANEOUS 5 Midland Electronics Company 67
WINEMAKERS: Free illustrated catalog yeasts, 6 Midland Electronics Company 67

equipment. Sem-
plex, Box 12276, Minneapolis, Minn. 55412. National Radio Institute SECOND COVER. I, 2, 3
National Technical Schools 36. 37, 38. 39
29 Olson Electronics
AMAZING INVENTION! 30 PTS Electronics, Inc.
79
Non -Electric! 71
Interchangeable Tips -8
Irons in 1! 31 Pennwood
Poly Paks
Numechron Co. 71
Heats To 8620 Within Seconds! 32 106
No External Heat Of Any Kind! 33 RCA Institutes. Inc. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 18. 19. 20 21
"Quick -Shot" Cartridge Heated Solder- 14 Revox Corporation 9
t ing Iron. Used commercially for years

now available to you for the first time.
- 35 Sams & Co.. Inc., Howard W. 25
1001 uses --Indispensible where elec-

36 Schoher Organ Corp., The 83
tric power is unavailable

-- --
37 Shure Brothers Inc.
where a 65
torch can't be used anywhere. 8 tips. 38 Solid State Sales 104
gives you the right tool for any soldering 39 Solid State Systems, Inc. 101
job at 1/3 the price of an additional iron.
Cartridge activates in seconds
non-flammable, non -explosive, emits no
is-- 40 Sonar Radio Corp.
Tektronix. Inc.
89
17
fumes, shelf life exceeds 4 years. It's the 41 TriStar Corporation 88
tool you can't afford to be without. Com- U.S. Navy
plete kit includes Soldering Iron, 1/4" 13
Tip, Cartridges --Only $19.95 Post-

paid. Send order & payment to Kemode
42 Valparaiso Technical Institute
CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING
79
Manufacturing Co., Dept. E, 409 Railroad 98, 100, 102. 103. 104, 105, 106, 107
Ave., Westbury, N.Y. 11590.
MONEY BACK GUARANTEE.
JUNE 1972
107
LIVE' IN THE -WORLD OF TOMORROW ... TODAY! NEW PRODUCTS, NEW MATERIALS; NEW IDEAS!-:
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UNIQUE/UM-TO-FM BARGAINS FOR FUN; STUDY OR PROFI yó
DIGITAL COMPUTER LOGIC LAB 31. ASTRONOMICAL TELESCOPE
Fascinating new way to learn cot amer
types. binaryystems. truth tables.
t .shots, orbits. stars. pleases a
oftVenus. planets close up, f11 to loll IS
-
logic. linkº ring counter. shift register power. Aluminized. overcooled 3" -,lime.
and binry miter's. Play with reaction Ill primary ventilated cell.
lit electronic coin nipper. Experi- I:quatori:rl mount áv1111 locks i both
nell with memory. rating & arith- eier's and mounted O:Ir
,
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uils 'clock. solid-state nand Cotes, tripod. CIIF,F: "Star ('hart." "lease
flip-flop. displays, 111 pate!) r11 rds for book ill lire ile'u'm.."
',Au.... 1110's of circuits -2:1 comprrlerexperi-
Stock No. 85.050AV ....532.95 Ppd.
uns. NO elecur,nlc know-how needed.
74 Irg. illuslr. manual explains all.
net,. lie Intl. 11101 l.) I, s:l.l'Xr: :t" ASTRONOMICAL
Stock No. 71.403AVt 539.75 Ppd. TEl
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Stock No. 85,105AV 41,.1" TI.:l.l:S('Id'l-: 594.50 F08
ASTRONOMICAL TELESCOPE KITS Stock No. 85.086ÁV b" TFI.LS('llib': 5239.00 FOB
...... 3., f:r'1 nl your own mirror for powerful
E
... ,
El teItsropts. Kit coins hoe annealed LOW-COST DISSOLVE UNIT

pyres mirror blank. tool. abrasives. di- Adds professionalism to Light Shores or
agonallu eyepiece ten
tense.nl In- A r' presentations. Permits 'nchrolr.
r cmZeiltiq struments you 'r build) range in value
11.1110 .75.1Ii1
41/4" dia.
Stock No. 70,OO4AV
hundreds In dollars.
Stock No. 70.003AV
34" S10.75 Ppd.
f ed 1.Onnvl uf 5 proleeto's forsh'amalh
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Eliminates eye-fatiguing Idockolrts! Oe-
signed l:dak
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o
8' dia. x l3.a" 524.50 Ppd. Cords @ instructions.
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10" dia. x 13/4 ..30 lbs.544.50 FOB
. .
VERSATILE DELUXE .\I'TO. UNIT

Stock No. 70.007AV 121z" dia. x 21/"....46 Ibs.572.50 FOB Stock No. 71,563AV 202.00 Ppd.
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Relatively small (12") flxtures give s Van Ile Graaf lore'- ly'p,. '1110.(100
l,rlsingly bight black.light. MIr'ran'- volt potential. yet comp lclrIV safe.
Iinishetl reflector stakes instant start- Demonstrates lightning. St. Elmo' o lire.
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ke 4tl.rl'atter. Up to 5.000 hours of collection. other electrical won-
long -wave 1311130AI hlack-light tp ders. /leler. 1n10v. 110 cycle. AC,llu-
ill -v torn on parties, light & theatrical sillity range. 11 -!heel. C'ur'rent. 1.5 to
',
sehores. psychedelic decors. holiday dee- 2.5 n Icroamilc, Aluminum base. frame
rations. .Sbelckpr'oof end -coil and charge c llect°, Unbreakable plas-
f'
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.
for safe. replacement Of bull. and
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starter'. Stands upright or horizontal. Jinn. Full instructions.

Aluminum ca Stock No. 70.264AV 553.75 Ppd. .(
Stock No. 71,274AV
DELUXE OUTDOOR (INDOOR MODEL
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514.95 Ppd,
519.95 Ppd.
STA'rI(' ELECTRICITY GENERATOR
Stock No. 70.070AV ....519.50 Ppd. it
"FISH" ..WITH
......... ...
A.... MAGNET
UNIQUE LIGHTING HANDBOOK Go u'easm'e hunting on the bottom!
i
4
letlr inlormatiOn packed pages: Fully
yyty explains latest in psychedelic lighting
FoscrnaN ng fun & sometimes profitable:
Tie a line to otlr 51 .,.Ió. Magnet-den r
.y-: ¿i
eyuinment. in -Its blues. dcvielie Lents. t overboard In bay. river. lake or ocean.
r
Covers all facets of psycht'dere Otter- Troll it along bottom -your "treasnad" 4,'.
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^-l
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V 1r }Ir' black Iiglus. projectors. crystals, or- other metal valuables. 51-10. Magn t
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cost S50. lilts Over 150 Ibsla. on land- .-
r
s lobed color, light Isles. Musdel'ision,

slush greater weights under water.
, N-
of a'd NL err. Shows horn to "Irsyrhedelicize"
( ... - parties. musical groups, shores or how
to set up '
lectrie trips" for private No. 70,751gV..51/2 Ibs...514.00 Ppd. . ^--: -
Iigatherings. 81/1." s 11" looaeleaf paper
rings.
No. 60.215AV..11/Z Ibs....55.75 Ppd.
(40 lbs.)
_ ' ,.... ",
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85.152ÁV 15 3i/2
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lbs. .
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HELIUM BALLOONS MAKE A "BALL"
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I IO'STlt.rtION The Most Spectacular
ON Sound Exhibition
NOW AVAILABLE
STEREO CASSETTE
NOW
-.
:Of Stereo Fidelity
SOUNDS AKI
THESE ExCit1NG
pv Ailpast 0". 7'lvE0
CASSETTE'
Ever Available-
NP
STEREO DEMONSTRATION RECORD BINAURAL DEMONSTRATION RECORD

This record is the result of two years of intensive Binaural recording re-creates the directions, distances,
research in the sound libraries of Deutsche Gram- and even the elevations of sounds better than any other
mophon Gesellschaft, Connoisseur Society, West- recording method. The super -realism of binaural record-
minster Recording Company and Cambridge Records ing is accomplished by recording the acoustical input for
Incorporated. The Editors of Stereo Review have each ear separately, and then playing It back through
selected and edited those excerpts that best demon- stereo headphones. Thus the sound intended for the left
strate each of the many aspects of the stereo ear cannot mix with the sound for the right ear, and vice
reproduction of music. The record offers you a versa. It
greater variety of sound than has ever before been Binaural recording offers the listener the identical acous-
included on a single disc. tical perspective and instrument spread of the original.
II is a series of independent demonstrations each designed to show
The sound reaching each ear is exactly the same as would
Off one Or more aspects Of musical sound and its reproduction have been heard at the live scene.
Entirely music. the Record has been edited to provide sell -sufficient STARTLING REALITY. The Binaural Demonstration Record
capsule presentations of an enormous variety of music arranged in
a contrasting and pleasing order. II includes all the basic musical offers 45 minutes of sound and music of startling reality.
and acoustical sounds that you hear when you listen to records. You'll marvel at the eerie accuracy with which direction
isolated and pointed up to give you a basis for future Critical listening and elevation are re-created as you embark on a street
WIDE RANGE OF DEMONSTRATIONS
tour in binaural sound-Sounds Of The City . Trains,
Planes 8 Ships .. a Basketball Game, a Street Parade.
.
.
Techniques of Separation 8 Multiple Sound Sources Acoustic
Depth Ambiance of Concert Hall a Street Fabrication Plant, The Bird House at the Zoo-all
Sharp Contrasts of Dynamics
Crescendo 8 Diminuendo Very High & Very Low Pitched Musical demonstrating the incredible réalism of binaural sound
Sounds Polyphony 12 or more melodies at once) With Both Similar reproduction.
& Contrasting Instruments Tonal (Dualities of Wind. String 8 Per-
cussion Instruments Sounds of AnCient Instruments
MUSIC IN BINAURAL. The musical performances pre-
Sounds of
Oriental Instruments Sound of Singing Voice. Both Classically sented on the Binaural Demonstration Record transport
Trained and Untrained Plus a Large Sampling of Finger Snap- you to the concert hall for a demonstration of a wide va-
ping. Hand Clapping. Foot Stamping 8 Other Musical 8 Percus- riety of music. Selections total 23 minutes, and include
sive Sounds. examples of jazz, organ, and chamber music.
RECORDS ONLY $5.98 POSTPAID records and cassette. In the event the card of only $5.98 for each record ordered, $6.98
has already been detached you can also place for the cassette, postpaid.
CASSETTE ONLY $6.98 POSTPAID your order by circling the appropriate ='s on
SEND NO MONEY the Information Service Card to the right. Stereo Demon'tration Record -Circle = 92
Use the postage-paid order card located at Either way, your selection will be mailed to Stereo Demonstration Cassette-Circle #93
111A
the top of the flap to the right to order your you along with an invoice for the regular price Binaural Demonstration Record-Circle w 94
,IV
Dreaming about Can the EVX-4

a pair of $300 4 -Channel
condenser Decoder face up
microphones? to records
encoded for
Think seriously Columbia SO,
about these: Sansui, Dyna,
$39.75*each ! and all the rest?
Yes. Listen. Play "their" best demon-
stration records through the EVX-4 or the
E -V 1244X add-on decoder/stereo amplifier.
In most cases you'll hear little or no

difference. Some records may even sound
better to you through our decoder than
through theirs! How can this be? Because
you're listening to music ... not ping-pong
or algebra. And our decoding is basic.
STEREO-4TM decoders can do the best
job at the lowest cost for all 4 -channel
matrix records and FM broadcasts. Not to
mention how well they enhance your
11111111~~11. Model 1710 Electret present stereo records, tapes, and FM.
Condenser Omnidirectional Microphone
But don't take our word for it. Listen
All of the great condenser advantages are carefully. Make your own discovery that
here without compromise. Flat, extended "their" records can make the best case for
range, excellent transient response, high "our" decoders!
output, low noise, and ultra -clean -sound.
But the new E -V electret condenser micro-
phones need no high voltage power supply.
Just an AA penlite battery to operate the
built-in FET impedance converter. The result EVX-4
is studio performance without complications Stereo Decoder
and at a dramatically lower price. $59.95 suggested resale
There are 4 new E -V electret microphones,

including cardioid models, from $39.75 to
just $75.00, audiophile net. Second -
generation designs with unusually high
resistance.to heat and humidity. Hear them
today at your nearby Electro-Vólce sound- .
room. Or write for details.

EV 1244X
More U. S. recording studios use Electro -Voice Decoder/Stereo Amplifle
microphones than any other brand. $149.95 suggested resale
.Suggested retail price. Microphones shown on Model 421
y
Desk Stand. $12.00 each.
CIRCLE NO. 1 ON READER SERVICE CARD CIRCLE NO. 2 ON READER SERVICE CARD
ELECTRO -VOICE, INC.. Den Cened 2P. 63p Cecil Steel, Buchanan, Michigan
In Ceee: of Cand 114., yS II¢ro Str,:, amour, tenano
In Eurooe: Eleclr0 Voce. S.A.. Rúm¢nirev.¢ a9, 25W rl.oau. Swlrrrlano
Ele°, CC'
a GUlbon
C O M P A N V

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` ;:+' ,;&:Ct"F,3

JUNE 97 2/FI FTY°CENTS ;

What How an`Wéñ =" BUILD:-

Legal Booby Traps - a1

' -4 for,your Car -79

TEST REPORTS: 7 L. .,.

Earn $5 to $7 an hour spare or full There's glamour, success awaiting

OVER 50 YEARS OF LEADERSHIP IN ELECTRONICS TRAINING

32 MINICOMPUTERS -WHAT THEY ARE

46 KODAK ENTERS VIDEO RECORDER/PLAYER MARKET

64 SINGLE SIDEBAND FOR THE CB'ER John T. Frye

ZIFF-DAVIS PUBLISHING COMPANY POPULAR ELECTRONICS Including ELECTRONICS WORLD,

4 POPULAR ELECTRONICS Including Electronics World

51 VEHICLE ALARM SYSTEM Frank J. DiElsi

83 TV SIGNAL SPLITTER C. R. Lewart

ENGINEERING ENROLLMENTS DOWN SHARPLY

Because of a substantial dropoff in enrollments last fall, there are

6 POPULAR ELECTRONICS Including Electronics World

@rantryam 13tfjool of engineering

r from TECHNICIAN to w. rantrtrm ..

Kisacutr in Sonar in @trttronina einainttrina

ki51 r.dr....a9.2(-.. [/a.....L..crL.

by studying at home with

Grantham School .of Engineering 7'i:-6-72

I have a little experience with electronic equipment.

Q,.. Established in 1951

HOSPITAL SAFETY COMMENTS

$1 For a short article on hospital electrical

Nickel/silver plated terminals

8 POPULAR ELECTRONICS Including Electronics World

The Kleen Machine.

Records and dust.

vised for removing the dust and dirt that accumulate

The MOD -KIT series kits described were designed for

Connectors are provided so that you never need to solder

\FLt We have invested a large amount of time and money to

Digital Power Supply

BCD Display Counter

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LR-I 10 20 MHz S15.95

PCC-18 connector .95

Analog Power Supply

Write for Free 1972 Catalog

epd Environmental Products

brand new Navy. for duty for six months

Once upon a time, broadcasters were re-

By 1972 almost every stereo enthusiast

*For those interested in the 12 years of research . a

OF LOUDSPEAKERS," by Dr. A. G. Bose,

You can hear the difference now.

Natick, Mass. 01760

Recording Live Performances. At live

ig VERSATILE TRIGGERING . SOLID STATE j

5 1/4Inch Rackmounts-Single Trace-Type S54AR-5495-Dual Trace-Type D549-5640

Please send full technical information.

C. Iwould like a demonstration of

Performing transistor experiments

18 POPULAR ELECTRONICS Including Electronics World

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