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Lambda Functions: Hugo Bowne-Anderson

This document discusses lambda functions and error handling in Python. Lambda functions are anonymous functions that can be used as arguments to higher order functions like map(). Errors in Python can be handled using try-except blocks to catch exceptions. Exceptions can be raised manually using raise to signal errors.

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saw
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49 views

Lambda Functions: Hugo Bowne-Anderson

This document discusses lambda functions and error handling in Python. Lambda functions are anonymous functions that can be used as arguments to higher order functions like map(). Errors in Python can be handled using try-except blocks to catch exceptions. Exceptions can be raised manually using raise to signal errors.

Uploaded by

saw
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lambda functions

P Y T H O N D ATA S C I E N C E TO O L B O X ( PA R T 1 )

Hugo Bowne-Anderson
Instructor
Lambda functions
raise_to_power = lambda x, y: x ** y

raise_to_power(2, 3)

PYTHON DATA SCIENCE TOOLBOX (PART 1)


Anonymous functions
Function map takes two arguments: map(func, seq)

map() applies the function to ALL elements in the sequence

nums = [48, 6, 9, 21, 1]

square_all = map(lambda num: num ** 2, nums)

print(square_all)

<map object at 0x103e065c0>

print(list(square_all))

[2304, 36, 81, 441, 1]

PYTHON DATA SCIENCE TOOLBOX (PART 1)


Let's practice!
P Y T H O N D ATA S C I E N C E TO O L B O X ( PA R T 1 )
Introduction to error
handling
P Y T H O N D ATA S C I E N C E TO O L B O X ( PA R T 1 )

Hugo Bowne-Anderson
Instructor
The oat() function

PYTHON DATA SCIENCE TOOLBOX (PART 1)


Passing an incorrect argument
float(2)

2.0

float('2.3')

2.3

float('hello')

<hr />---------------------------------------------------------------
ValueError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-3-d0ce8bccc8b2> in <module>()
<hr />-> 1 float('hi')
ValueError: could not convert string to float: 'hello'

PYTHON DATA SCIENCE TOOLBOX (PART 1)


Passing valid arguments
def sqrt(x):
"""Returns the square root of a number."""
return x ** (0.5)
sqrt(4)

2.0

sqrt(10)

3.1622776601683795

PYTHON DATA SCIENCE TOOLBOX (PART 1)


Passing invalid arguments
sqrt('hello')

------------------------------------------------------------------
TypeError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-4-cfb99c64761f> in <module>()
----> 1 sqrt('hello')
<ipython-input-1-939b1a60b413> in sqrt(x)
1 def sqrt(x):
----> 2 return x**(0.5)
TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for ** or pow(): 'str' and 'float'

PYTHON DATA SCIENCE TOOLBOX (PART 1)


Errors and exceptions
Exceptions - caught during execution

Catch exceptions with try-except clause


Runs the code following try

If there’s an exception, run the code following except

PYTHON DATA SCIENCE TOOLBOX (PART 1)


Errors and exceptions
def sqrt(x):
"""Returns the square root of a number."""
try:
return x ** 0.5
except:
print('x must be an int or float')

sqrt(4)

2.0

sqrt(10.0)

3.1622776601683795

sqrt('hi')

x must be an int or float

PYTHON DATA SCIENCE TOOLBOX (PART 1)


Errors and exceptions
def sqrt(x):
"""Returns the square root of a number."""
try:
return x ** 0.5
except TypeError:
print('x must be an int or float')

PYTHON DATA SCIENCE TOOLBOX (PART 1)


Errors and exceptions
sqrt(-9)

(1.8369701987210297e-16+3j)

def sqrt(x):
"""Returns the square root of a number."""
if x < 0:
raise ValueError('x must be non-negative')
try:
return x ** 0.5
except TypeError:
print('x must be an int or float')

PYTHON DATA SCIENCE TOOLBOX (PART 1)


Errors and exceptions
sqrt(-2)

-----------------------------------------------------------------
ValueError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-2-4cf32322fa95> in <module>()
----> 1 sqrt(-2)
<ipython-input-1-a7b8126942e3> in sqrt(x)
1 def sqrt(x):
2 if x < 0:
----> 3 raise ValueError('x must be non-negative')
4 try:
5 return x**(0.5)
ValueError: x must be non-negative

PYTHON DATA SCIENCE TOOLBOX (PART 1)


Let's practice!
P Y T H O N D ATA S C I E N C E TO O L B O X ( PA R T 1 )
Bringing it all
together
P Y T H O N D ATA S C I E N C E TO O L B O X ( PA R T 1 )

Hugo Bowne-Anderson
Instructor
Errors and exceptions
def sqrt(x):
try:
return x ** 0.5
except:
print('x must be an int or float')

sqrt(4)

2.0

sqrt('hi')

x must be an int or float

PYTHON DATA SCIENCE TOOLBOX (PART 1)


Errors and exceptions
def sqrt(x):
if x < 0:
raise ValueError('x must be non-negative')
try:
return x ** 0.5
except TypeError:
print('x must be an int or float')

PYTHON DATA SCIENCE TOOLBOX (PART 1)


Let's practice!
P Y T H O N D ATA S C I E N C E TO O L B O X ( PA R T 1 )
Congratulations!
P Y T H O N D ATA S C I E N C E TO O L B O X ( PA R T 1 )

Hugo Bowne-Anderson
Instructor
What you’ve learned:
Write functions that accept single and multiple arguments

Write functions that return one or many values

Use default, exible, and keyword arguments

Global and local scope in functions

Write lambda functions

Handle errors

PYTHON DATA SCIENCE TOOLBOX (PART 1)


There’s more to learn!
Create lists with list comprehensions

Iterators - you’ve seen them before!

Case studies to apply these techniques to Data Science

PYTHON DATA SCIENCE TOOLBOX (PART 1)


Let's practice!
P Y T H O N D ATA S C I E N C E TO O L B O X ( PA R T 1 )

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