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Tutorial 02

This document contains 10 problems related to algorithms and their analysis. It covers topics like: 1. Designing O(n) algorithms to compute the union and intersection of two sorted arrays. 2. Computing the Cartesian sum of two sets of integers in the range of 0 to 10n and finding each sum and its frequency in O(n log n) time. 3. Arranging algorithms by increasing time complexity: Karatsuba integer multiplication, iterative matrix multiplication, and Strassen's matrix multiplication.

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Tussank Gupta
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89 views

Tutorial 02

This document contains 10 problems related to algorithms and their analysis. It covers topics like: 1. Designing O(n) algorithms to compute the union and intersection of two sorted arrays. 2. Computing the Cartesian sum of two sets of integers in the range of 0 to 10n and finding each sum and its frequency in O(n log n) time. 3. Arranging algorithms by increasing time complexity: Karatsuba integer multiplication, iterative matrix multiplication, and Strassen's matrix multiplication.

Uploaded by

Tussank Gupta
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Tutorial 2, Design and Analysis of Algorithms, 2020

1. The sets A and B have n elements each given in the form of sorted arrays. Design
O(n) algorithms to compute A ∪ B and A ∩ B.
2. Consider two sets A and B, each having n integers in the range from 0 to 10n. We
wish to compute the Cartesian sum of A and B, defined by
C = {x + y | x ∈ A ∧ y ∈ B}
Note that the integers in C are in the range from 0 to 20n. We want to find the
elements of C and the number of times each element of C is realized as a sum of
elements in A and B. Show how to solve the problem in O(n log n) time.
3. Arrange the following algorithms in increasing order of time complexity: Karatsuba’s
Divide and Conquer Integer Multiplication Algorithm, Iterative Matrix Multiplica-
tion Algorithm, Strassen’s Divide and Conquer Matrix Multiplication Algorithm.
Give proper reasons for your answer.
4. Find 67698 × 8967 using Karatsuba’s Divide and Conquer Integer Multiplication
Algorithm showing the computations in a divide and conquer graph.
5. Professor Caesar wishes to develop a matrix-multiplication algorithm that is asymp-
totically faster than Strassen’s algorithm. His algorithm will use the divide-and-
conquer method, dividing each matrix into pieces of size n4 × n4 , and the divide and
combine steps together will take Θ(n2 ) time. He needs to determine how many
subproblems his algorithm has to create in order to beat Strassen’s algorithm. If
his algorithm creates a subproblems, then the recurrence for the running time T (n)
becomes T (n) = aT n4 + Θ(n2 ). What is the largest integer value of a for which
Professor Caesar’s algorithm would be asymptotically faster than Strassen’s algo-
rithm?
6. (a) Find the number of nodes in the divide and conquer graph for computing FFT
of a vector of length n (for simplicity you can assume n to be a power of 2).
(b) Now find time complexity of the FFT algorithm by only considering the struc-
ture of the divide and conquer graph (without solving any recursion).
7. Find 1234 × 4321 using the FFT algorithm showing its divide and conquer graphs.
8. (a) Describe the generalization of the FFT procedure to the case in which n is a
power of 3 (using three subproblems). Give a recurrence for the running time,
and solve the recurrence.
(b) Find 97 × 68 using the above algorithm showing its divide and conquer graphs.
9. Consider an n × n grid graph G. (An n × n grid graph is just the adjacency graph
of an n × n chessboard. To be completely precise, it is a graph whose node set is the
set of all ordered pairs of natural numbers (i, j), where 1 ≤ i ≤ n and 1 ≤ j ≤ n;
the nodes (i, j) and (k, l) are joined by an edge if and only if |i − k| + |j − l| = 1.)
Each node v of G is labeled with a real number xv . You may assume that the real
numbers labeling the nodes are all distinct. A node v of G is a local minimum if
the label xv is less than the label xw for all nodes w that are joined to v by an edge.
You are given such an n × n grid graph G, but the labeling is only specified in the
following implicit way: for each node v, you can determine the value xv by probing
the node v. Show how to find a local minimum of G using only O(n) probes to the
nodes of G. Give a proof of correctness of your algorithm and also prove its time
complexity.
10. In the Josephus Problem, we start with n people numbered 1 to n around a circle, and
we eliminate every second remaining person until only one survives. For example,
the elimination order for n = 10 is 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 3, 7, 1, 9, so 5 survives. The problem is
to determine the survivor’s number, J(n) (in the above example, we have J(10) = 5).
Design a linear time complexity algorithm for computing J(n).

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