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    Fpga & CPLD Asics Microprocessors Microcontrollers: Application Specific Integrated Circuits

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    Sultanus Salehin ,152431
    The document discusses semiconductor chips and different types including ASICs, microprocessors, microcontrollers, FPGAs and CPLDs. It provides details on FPGA architecture, applications, advantages and comparisons with other chip types. The document also describes the FPGA design flow from design entry to implementation and verification.

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    Fpga & CPLD Asics Microprocessors Microcontrollers: Application Specific Integrated Circuits

    Uploaded by

    Sultanus Salehin ,152431
    42 views14 pages
    The document discusses semiconductor chips and different types including ASICs, microprocessors, microcontrollers, FPGAs and CPLDs. It provides details on FPGA architecture, applications, advantages and comparisons with other chip types. The document also describes the FPGA design flow from design entry to implementation and verification.

    Original Title

    Lecture 2 [FPGA]

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    The document discusses semiconductor chips and different types including ASICs, microprocessors, microcontrollers, FPGAs and CPLDs. It provides details on FPGA architecture, applications, advantages and comparisons with other chip types. The document also describes the FPGA design flow from design entry to implementation and verification.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    42 views14 pages

    Fpga & CPLD Asics Microprocessors Microcontrollers: Application Specific Integrated Circuits

    Uploaded by

    Sultanus Salehin ,152431
    The document discusses semiconductor chips and different types including ASICs, microprocessors, microcontrollers, FPGAs and CPLDs. It provides details on FPGA architecture, applications, advantages and comparisons with other chip types. The document also describes the FPGA design flow from design entry to implementation and verification.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 14

    Semiconductor Chips

    ASICs Microprocessors
    Application Specific FPGA & CPLD
    Integrated Circuits Microcontrollers
    Comparison ** In computers, overhead refers to the processing time required by
    system software, which includes the operating system and any utility
    that supports application programs.

    Flexibility

    Processors
    Instruction Flexibility
    90% Area Overhead
    (Cache , Predictions)

    FPGA
    Device-wide flexibility
    99% Area Overhead
    (Configuration)

    ASIC
    No Flexibility
    20% Area Overhead
    (Testing)

    Speed , Power Efficiency


    Programmable Logic : continued ..
    • An integrated circuit that can be programmed/reprogrammed with a digital logic of a certain
    level.
    • Started at late 70s and constantly growing

    There are a few major programmable


    logic architecture available today.
    Each architecture typically has Simple Programmable Logic Complex Programmable
    vendor-specific sub-variants within Devices (SPLDs) Logic Devices (CPLDs)
    each type. The major types include:

    Field Programmable Gate Field Programmable


    Arrays (FPGAs) InterConnect (FPICs)
    Advantages

    Short Development time Reconfigurable

    No need for ASIC


    Flexible to changes expensive design and Saves board space
    production

    Bugs can be fixed Of the shelf solutions


    Fast time to market
    easily are available
    FPGA
    Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) are semiconductor devices that are based
    around a matrix of configurable logic blocks (CLBs) connected via programmable
    interconnects. FPGAs can be reprogrammed to desired application or functionality
    requirements after manufacturing.
    FPGA Architecture
    FPGA Applications
    ❑Aerospace & Defense
    ❑ASIC Prototyping
    ❑Audio
    ❑Automotive
    ❑Broadcast & Pro AV Consumer Electronics
    ❑Data Center
    ❑High Performance Computing and Data Storage
    ❑Industrial
    ❑Medical
    ❑Security
    ❑Video & Image Processing
    ❑Wired Communications
    ❑Wireless Communications
    FPGA Advantages

    ✓Designing with FPGA: Faster, Cheaper

    ✓Ideal for customized designs


    • Product differentiation in a fast-changing market

    ✓Offer the advantages of high integration


    • High complexity, density, reliability
    • Low cost, power consumption, small physical size

    ✓Avoid the problems of ASICs


    • high NRE cost, long delay in design and testing
    • increasingly demanding electrical issues
    FPGA Advantages ** Non-recurring engineering (NRE) refers to the one-time cost to
    research, design, develop and test a new product or product
    enhancement.
    ✓ Very fast custom logic
    • massively parallel operation

    ✓ Faster than microcontrollers and microprocessors


    • much faster than DSP engines

    ✓ More flexible than dedicated chipsets


    • allows unlimited product differentiation

    ✓ More affordable and less risky than ASICs


    • no NRE** (Non-recurring engineering), minimum order size, or inventory risk

    ✓ Reprogrammable at any time


    • in design, in manufacturing, after installation
    User Expectations
    ✓ Logic capacity at reasonable cost
    • 100,000 to a several million gates
    • On-chip fast RAM

    ✓ Clock speed
    • 150 MHz and above, global clocks, clock management

    ✓ Versatile I/O
    • To accommodate a variety of standards

    ✓ Design effort and time


    • synthesis, fast compile times, tested and proven cores

    ✓ Power consumption
    • must stay within reasonable limits
    FPGA Classifications: continued ..

    FPGA classifications on user programmable technologies


    Design Flow

    ◼ Simulation
    ❑ a) Functional
    ❑ b) Timing
    ❑ c) Gate Level
    Design Flow

    Synthesis
    HDL Code to Netlist conversion

    Mapping
    Digital Circuit Element to
    Technology Element Mapping

    Place & Route


    Sitting place for each element
    of circuit?
    FPGA Generic Design Flow : in a Nutshell

    • Design Entry:
    • Create your design files using:
    • schematic editor or
    • hardware description language (Verilog, VHDL)
    • Design “implementation” on FPGA:
    • Partition, place, and route to create bit-stream file
    • Design verification:
    • Use Simulator to check function,
    • other software determines max clock frequency.
    • Load onto FPGA device (cable connects PC to development
    board)
    • check operation at full speed in real environment.

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