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    Sarf Level 2 - 4-Letter Verb - Chapter 1 - How Is It Known

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    UmmuYusuf Iman Grajo
    This chapter discusses the 4-letter verb (فعل). It is known by the extra letter ‫أ‬ added to the past tense. It is also known by the ‫ضمة‬ placed on the ‫ي‬ of the present tense. Changing from past to present tense involves adding the appropriate letter from ‫أنيت‬ to the verb without dropping any letters, except the second ‫همزة‬ is dropped to avoid repetition in pronunciation.

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    Sarf Level 2 - 4-Letter Verb - Chapter 1 - How Is It Known

    Uploaded by

    UmmuYusuf Iman Grajo
    1K views3 pages
    This chapter discusses the 4-letter verb (فعل). It is known by the extra letter ‫أ‬ added to the past tense. It is also known by the ‫ضمة‬ placed on the ‫ي‬ of the present tense. Changing from past to present tense involves adding the appropriate letter from ‫أنيت‬ to the verb without dropping any letters, except the second ‫همزة‬ is dropped to avoid repetition in pronunciation.

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    My notes in Sarf 2--- a correction of the previous upload.

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    Sarf level 2_4-letter verb_ Chapter 1__How is It Known

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    This chapter discusses the 4-letter verb (فعل). It is known by the extra letter ‫أ‬ added to the past tense. It is also known by the ‫ضمة‬ placed on the ‫ي‬ of the present tense. Changing from past to present tense involves adding the appropriate letter from ‫أنيت‬ to the verb without dropping any letters, except the second ‫همزة‬ is dropped to avoid repetition in pronunciation.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    1K views3 pages

    Sarf Level 2 - 4-Letter Verb - Chapter 1 - How Is It Known

    Uploaded by

    UmmuYusuf Iman Grajo
    This chapter discusses the 4-letter verb (فعل). It is known by the extra letter ‫أ‬ added to the past tense. It is also known by the ‫ضمة‬ placed on the ‫ي‬ of the present tense. Changing from past to present tense involves adding the appropriate letter from ‫أنيت‬ to the verb without dropping any letters, except the second ‫همزة‬ is dropped to avoid repetition in pronunciation.

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    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    V

    4-letter verb ( ‫ ) رُباعي‬Chapter 1

    ‫ﺍﻣﹰﺎ‬‫ ﺇ ﹾﻛﺮ‬،‫ﻳ ﹾﻜ ﹺﺮﻡ‬ ،‫ﺮﻡ‬ ‫ﹶﺃ ﹶﻛ‬ :‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻧ‬‫ﺯﻭ‬‫ﻣﻮ‬ ‫ ﺇﻓﹾﻌﺎ ﹰﻻ‬،‫ﻌﻞﹸ‬ ‫ﻳ ﹾﻔ‬ ،‫ﻌﻞﹶ‬ ‫ﹶﺃ ﹾﻓ‬
    Common example
    ‫ماضي‬
    for this chapter ‫مُضارع‬
    ‫َمصْ دَ ر‬

    How is this chapter known?


    1. It is known by the extra letter ‫ﺃ‬ (not the ‫ ﺃ‬of ‫ﺃﻧﻴﺖ‬ in the beginning of the ‫ ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬1 st
    person)

    Illustration: ‫ ﺇﻓﹾﻌﺎﻻ‬،‫ﻌﻞﹸ‬ ‫ﻳ ﹾﻔ‬ ، ‫ﻌ ﹶﻞ‬ ‫ﹶﺃ ﹾﻓ‬


    4-letter verb ‫ﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬‫ﺭ‬ distinguishing mark
    3-letter verb ‫ﺛﹸﻼﺛﻲ‬

    ‫ﺝ‬
     ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﺝ‬
     ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺧ‬
    ‫ﺙ‬
    ‫ﺭ ﹶ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﹶﺃ‬

    ‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﹶﺃ ﹾﻛ‬


    ‫ﹶﺃ‬ ‫ﺙ‬
    ‫ﻭ ﹺﺭ ﹶ‬

    ‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﹶﻛ‬


    Remember!
    The ‫ ﺣﺮﻛﺎﺕ‬of a 4-letter verb
    ‫ ماضي‬is on the scale of ‫ﻌ ﹶﻞ‬ ‫ﹶﺃ ﹾﻓ‬
    My Notes in Sarf 2 – Bintu Jose as-Salafiyyah # 2
    2. It is also known by the ‫ ﺿﻤﺔ‬in the first letter of the ‫ﻀﺎﺭﻉ‬‫ﻣ‬
    This ‫ ي‬is from ‫ﺃﻧﻴﺖ‬

    ‫ ﺇﻓﹾﻌﺎ ﹰﻻ‬، ‫ﻌ ﹸﻞ‬ ‫ﻳ ﹾﻔ‬ ،‫ﻌﻞﹶ‬ ‫ﹶﺃ ﹾﻓ‬

    This is the only place where we put a ‫ﺔ‬‫ ﺿﻤ‬on the ‫ ي‬of ‫ﺃﻧﻴﺖ‬
    My observation: ‫ ضمة‬is used to avoid repetition with the ‫ مضارع‬of 3-letter verb’s chapter 5, as there would
    be no change in meaning if ‫ فتحة‬was also used.

    Compare:

    3-letter verb chapter 5


    4-letter verb ‫ﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬‫ﺭ‬

    ‫ﺐ‬
     ‫ﺴ‬
    ِ‫ﺤ‬ ‫ـ‬‫ﺐ – ﻳ‬
     ‫ﺴ‬
     ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺐ‬
     ‫ﺴ‬
    ِ‫ﺤ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ – ‫ﺐ‬
     ‫ﺴ‬
    ِ ‫ﺣ‬

    When do we give ‫ ي‬a ‫?فتحة‬


    • In a 3-letter verb, 5-letter verb and 6-letter verb.

    Changing ‫ ماضي‬to ‫مضارع‬:


    The principle in changing ‫ ماضي‬to ‫ مضارع‬is to add the appropriate letter from
    ‫ أنيت‬and nothing is dropped from any of the letter. Looking at the example
    below, we notice that the ‫ أ‬of the ‫ ماضي‬was dropped in the ‫مضارع‬.

    ‫ﺍﻣﹰﺎ‬‫ ﺇ ﹾﻛﺮ‬،‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﻳ ﹾﻜ ﹺﺮ‬ ،‫ﺮﻡ‬ ‫ﹶﺃ ﹶﻛ‬


    My Notes in Sarf 2 – Bintu Jose as-Salafiyyah # 2
    This is how it is supposed to be

    3rd person: add ‫ي‬

    ‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﻳﹶﺄ ﹾﻛ ﹺﺮ‬ ‫ﻱ‬


    1st person: add ‫أ‬
    ‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﹶﺃ ﹾﻛ‬
    ‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﹸﺃﹶﺃ ﹾﻛ ﹺﺮ‬ ‫أ‬

    However, ‫ ھمزة‬in a row is heavy on the tongue and based on the major
    principle of seeking lightness in speech, the scholars dropped the 2nd ‫ ھمزة‬in
    this form and in all possible forms so as to make a unified ruling . Hence we
    come up with the following:

    ‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﹸﺃﹶﺃ ﹾﻛ ﹺﺮ‬ ‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﹸﺃ ﹾﻛ ﹺﺮ‬ ‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﻳ ﹾﻜ ﹺﺮ‬ ‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﻳﹶﺄ ﹾﻛ ﹺﺮ‬
    Benefit:

    A poet was heard saying: He is worthy of being generous to…

    ‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ﺆ ﹾﻛﺮ‬ ‫ـ‬‫ﻞ ﻷﻥ ﻳ‬‫ﻪ ﹶﺃﻫ‬ ‫ﻧ‬‫ﻓﺈ‬


    This is how it was known that the original word carried a ‫ ھمزة‬which was
    kept in the poem, but is no longer in use.

    My Notes in Sarf 2 – Bintu Jose as-Salafiyyah # 2

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