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Microbial Growth

This document summarizes principles of bacterial growth, including definitions of growth, the process of binary fission, generation time, growth curves, nutritional and environmental factors that affect growth, and methods used to study bacterial growth in the laboratory. Key points covered include temperature and oxygen requirements of different bacterial groups, pH tolerance, and the effects of water availability. Measurement of growth and common culture techniques are also outlined.

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713 views22 pages

Microbial Growth

This document summarizes principles of bacterial growth, including definitions of growth, the process of binary fission, generation time, growth curves, nutritional and environmental factors that affect growth, and methods used to study bacterial growth in the laboratory. Key points covered include temperature and oxygen requirements of different bacterial groups, pH tolerance, and the effects of water availability. Measurement of growth and common culture techniques are also outlined.

Uploaded by

Kunjal
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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M icrobial G rowth

C hapter 6
Principles of bacterial growth

1. Definition:
Bacterial G rowth is defined as an
increase in cell number leading to an
increase in the size of a population.

2. Process: Bacteria generally multiply


by the process of Binary F ission
Binary Fission

Figure 6.12a
G eneration T ime
1. T he time it takes for a bacterial cell to
double in number is Generation T ime.
G eneration time = Doubling time

2. T he environmental and Nutritional


factors affect the Generation T ime.
Bacterial G rowth in L aboratory

C losed/Batch System

G rowth C urve
Phases of Growth
Nutritional F actors

1. M ajor Required E lements:


C , H, O , N, P, S
2. T race E lements:
Co, Zn, C u, Mo
3. G rowth F actors
F astidious organisms
V itamins, amino acids
E nergy Sources

Sunlight
O rganic chemical compounds
Inorganic chemical compounds
Nutritional Diversity
1. Photoautotrophs
2. Photoheterotrophs
3. C hemoautotrophs/chemolithotrophs
4. C hemoheterotrophs/
chemoorganotrophs
E nvironmental F actors

1. T emperature
2. O xygen
3. pH
4. W ater availability
Temperature
1. T emperature range:
T emp. minimum,
T emp. optimum,
T emp. maximum

2. W hy?
Typical Growth Rates and Temperature

Figure 6.1
T emperature based groups of
Prokaryotes
1. PSY C H R O P H I L ES

2. PSY C H R O T R O P HS

3. M ESO P H I L ES
Food Preservation Temperatures

Figure 6.2
T emperature based groups of
Prokaryotes

3. T H E R M O P H I L ES
RSWLPDODERYHÛ

4. E X T R E M E T H E R M O P H I L ES
RSWLPDOÛRUKLJKHU
( C haperones )
Prokaryotic groups based on
O xygen requirement

1. O B L I G A T E A E R O B ES
2. O B L I G A T E A N A E R O B ES
3. F A C U L T A T I V E A N A E R O B ES
4. M I C R O A E R O P H I L ES
5. A E R O T O L E R A N T A N A E R O B ES
Toxic Derivatives of O xygen

1. Superoxide free radicals (O 2 ¯)


SO D (Superoxide dismutase)
2H + + 2 O 2Āĺ+2 O 2 + O 2

2. H ydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2)
C atalase: 2H 2 O 2 ĺ+2 O + O 2
Anaerobic Jar

Figure 6.6
An Anaerobic Chamber

Figure 6.7
pH
1. N E U T R O P H I L ES : optimal p H 5-8

2. A C I D O P H I L ES
Thiobacillus in acid mine drainage

3. A L K A L O P H I L ES
some Bacillus species
W ater A vailability
1. H ypertonic (plasmolysis)
Food preservation

2. OSM O T O L E R A N T(F acultative


H alophiles): able to grow in
high salt conc. Staphylococcus

3. H A L O P H I L ES-require
high levels of Na C l
Material covered in Lab
‡ Spread plate and streak method
‡ Serial dilutions, plate count
‡ Measurement of Bacterial Growth
‡ Types of media: Selective, Differential,
enriched, enrichment etc.

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