Scribd
Upload
39 views2 pages

Lesson Learning Objectives: Openintro Statistics, 3Rd Edition

The document outlines 9 learning objectives related to statistical concepts: 1) Identify variables as numerical/categorical and further classify them 2) Define associated variables and their relationships 3) Define independent variables 4) Identify explanatory and response variables in pairs 5) Classify studies as observational/experimental and determine generalizability and causation 6) Question confounding variables and sources of bias 7) Distinguish between sampling schemes and their benefits/drawbacks 8) Identify principles of experimental design to control for confounders and bias 9) Identify if blinding was used in a study

Uploaded by

Mr.Bilal Hassan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
39 views2 pages

Lesson Learning Objectives: Openintro Statistics, 3Rd Edition

The document outlines 9 learning objectives related to statistical concepts: 1) Identify variables as numerical/categorical and further classify them 2) Define associated variables and their relationships 3) Define independent variables 4) Identify explanatory and response variables in pairs 5) Classify studies as observational/experimental and determine generalizability and causation 6) Question confounding variables and sources of bias 7) Distinguish between sampling schemes and their benefits/drawbacks 8) Identify principles of experimental design to control for confounders and bias 9) Identify if blinding was used in a study

Uploaded by

Mr.Bilal Hassan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 2

Lesson Learning Objectives

Suggested reading: OpenIntro Statistics, 3rd edition, Chapter 1, Sections 1.1 - 1.5

LO 1. Identify variables as numerical and categorical.

 If the variable is numerical, further classify as continuous or discrete based on whether or


not the variable can take on an infinite number of values or only non-negative whole
numbers, respectively.
 If the variable is categorical, determine if it is ordinal based on whether or not the levels
have a natural ordering.

LO 2. Define associated variables as variables that show some relationship with one another.
Further categorize this relationship as positive or negative association, when possible.

LO 3. Define variables that are not associated as independent.

Test yourself: Give one example of each type of variable you have learned.

LO 4. Identify the explanatory variable in a pair of variables as the variable suspected of affecting
the other, however note that labeling variables as explanatory and response does not guarantee
that the relationship between the two is actually causal, even if there is an association identified
between the two variables.

LO 5. Classify a study as observational or experimental, and determine and explain whether the
study’s results can be generalized to the population and whether the results suggest correlation
or causation between the quantities studied.

 If random sampling has been employed in data collection, the results should be
generalizable to the target population.
 If random assignment has been employed in study design, the results suggest causality.

LO 6. Question confounding variables and sources of bias in a given study.

LO 7. Distinguish between simple random, stratified, and cluster sampling, and recognize the
benefits and drawbacks of choosing one sampling scheme over another.

 Simple random sampling: Each subject in the population is equally likely to be selected.
 Stratified sampling: First divide the population into homogenous strata (subjects within
each stratum are similar, across strata are different), then randomly sample from within
each strata.
 Cluster sampling: First divide the population into clusters (subjects within each cluster are
non-homogenous, but clusters are similar to each other), then randomly sample a few
clusters, and then randomly sample from within each cluster.

LO 8. Identify the four principles of experimental design and recognize their purposes: control
any possible confounders, randomize into treatment and control groups, replicate by using a
sufficiently large sample or repeating the experiment, and block any variables that might
influence the response.

LO 9. Identify if single or double blinding has been used in a study.

Test yourself:

1. Describe when a study’s results can be generalized to the population at large and when
causation can be inferred.
2. Explain why random sampling allows for generalizability of results.
3. Explain why random assignment allows for making causal conclusions.
4. Describe a situation where cluster sampling is more efficient than simple random or
stratified sampling.
5. Explain how blinding can help eliminate the placebo effect and other biases.

You might also like