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13.3 Gridworks: Stiffeners. Either Set of Gridwork Beams Can Be Selected To Be The Girders. in Prac

1) The document discusses methods for analyzing the load capacity of frameworks and gridworks. 2) It describes calculating collapse load factors for frameworks by identifying plastic hinge locations and mechanisms under different load combinations. 3) Safe-load regions can be established for frameworks by defining points for different force combinations on a plane, with points inside the region not causing collapse.

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Jay Cee
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55 views1 page

13.3 Gridworks: Stiffeners. Either Set of Gridwork Beams Can Be Selected To Be The Girders. in Prac

1) The document discusses methods for analyzing the load capacity of frameworks and gridworks. 2) It describes calculating collapse load factors for frameworks by identifying plastic hinge locations and mechanisms under different load combinations. 3) Safe-load regions can be established for frameworks by defining points for different force combinations on a plane, with points inside the region not causing collapse.

Uploaded by

Jay Cee
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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13.

3 GRIDWORKS 667

magnitudes are varied. The common factor that multiplies all loads as they vary in
fixed proportion is called the load factor. The procedure for finding the load factor
is as follows [13.5]:

1. Find the locations of the plastic hinges in each component of the frame using
the same method as for beams.
2. Form possible failure modes called mechanisms by different combinations of
plastic hinges. The number of hinges in each mechanism is equal to the number
of redundancies plus 1.
3. Calculate the collapse load factor for each mechanism.
4. Calculate the moments in the frame for each collapse load factor to determine
the correct load factor. The true load factor should be such that the moment in
the frame due to this load should not exceed the plastic moment M p .

In addition to the collapse load factors that can be determined, a safe-load region
can be established. Table 13-6 shows safe-load regions for several frameworks. In
Table 13-6, a combination of forces applied on the frame define a point on the x y
plane. When this point falls inside the safe region, no collapse occurs. When the
point falls on the boundary of the region, collapse occurs and the collapse mode is
identified by the location on the boundary, as indicated by the figures in Table 13-6.
Loadings leading to points outside the region correspond to a collapsed framework.
In fact, an attempt to increase the applied loads beyond that necessary to reach the
boundary results in further movements of the plastic hinges without an increase in
the collapse loads. See Ref. [13.5] for techniques for calculating the safe-load region.

13.3 GRIDWORKS

A special case of frames is a gridwork, or grillage, which is a network of beams


rigidly connected at the intersections, loaded transversely. That is, a gridwork is a
network of closely spaced beams with out-of-plane loading. It may be of any shape
and the network of beams may intersect at any angle. These beams need not be
uniform.
The gridworks treated here are plane structures (Fig. 13-5), with the beams lying
in one direction called girders and those lying in the perpendicular direction called
stiffeners. Either set of gridwork beams can be selected to be the girders. In prac-
tice, the wider spaced and heavier set is usually designated as girders, whereas the
closer spaced and lighter beams are stiffeners. For a uniform gridwork, the girders
are identical in size, end conditions, and spacing. However, the set of stiffeners may
differ from the set of girders, although the stiffeners are identical to each other. The
treatment here is adapted from Ref [13.6].
For the formulas here, the cross section of the beams may be open or closed, al-
though torsional rigidity is not taken into account. For closed cross sections this may
lead to an error of up to 5%. Stresses in the girders and stiffeners can be calculated
using the formulas for beams in Chapter 11.

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