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    Solutions homework 8 1 Exercise 1: n 0 2 nπ 4 nπ 2 nπ

    Uploaded by

    Alaa Saad
    1. The document provides solutions to homework problems involving Fourier series. 2. Problem 1 involves computing the Fourier series for 5 different functions: a piecewise function, an odd function x, the function cos(x)^2, a function that is neither even nor odd, and a function composed of sines. 3. Problem 2 computes the Fourier series for the even function x^2 and shows it converges to the original function. 4. Problem 3 gives the general solution form for the boundary value problem and applies it to two initial conditions, finding the Fourier series solutions.

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    Solutions homework 8 1 Exercise 1: n 0 2 nπ 4 nπ 2 nπ

    Uploaded by

    Alaa Saad
    23 views6 pages
    1. The document provides solutions to homework problems involving Fourier series. 2. Problem 1 involves computing the Fourier series for 5 different functions: a piecewise function, an odd function x, the function cos(x)^2, a function that is neither even nor odd, and a function composed of sines. 3. Problem 2 computes the Fourier series for the even function x^2 and shows it converges to the original function. 4. Problem 3 gives the general solution form for the boundary value problem and applies it to two initial conditions, finding the Fourier series solutions.

    Original Title

    201.ev1.12.hw8.sol

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    1. The document provides solutions to homework problems involving Fourier series. 2. Problem 1 involves computing the Fourier series for 5 different functions: a piecewise function, an odd function x, the function cos(x)^2, a function that is neither even nor odd, and a function composed of sines. 3. Problem 2 computes the Fourier series for the even function x^2 and shows it converges to the original function. 4. Problem 3 gives the general solution form for the boundary value problem and applies it to two initial conditions, finding the Fourier series solutions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    23 views6 pages

    Solutions homework 8 1 Exercise 1: n 0 2 nπ 4 nπ 2 nπ

    Uploaded by

    Alaa Saad
    1. The document provides solutions to homework problems involving Fourier series. 2. Problem 1 involves computing the Fourier series for 5 different functions: a piecewise function, an odd function x, the function cos(x)^2, a function that is neither even nor odd, and a function composed of sines. 3. Problem 2 computes the Fourier series for the even function x^2 and shows it converges to the original function. 4. Problem 3 gives the general solution form for the boundary value problem and applies it to two initial conditions, finding the Fourier series solutions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 6

    Solutions homework 8

    1 Exercise 1
    First function
    The function is odd so only sine coefficients are non-zero. They are given
    by:

    Z π  0 if n = 4p
    2 2 2 h nπ i   2
    if n = 4p + 1
    bn = sin(nt)dt = − cos( ) − 1 = nπ
    4
    π 0 nπ 2 if n = 4p + 2
     nπ

     2
    nπ
    if n = 4p + 3
    Therefore, the Fourier series is:
    ∞ ∞ ∞
    2X 1 X 1 X 1
    f (x) = sin((4p+2)x)+ sin((4p+1)x)+ sin((4p+3)x)
    π p=0 2p + 1 p=0
    4p + 1 p=0
    (4p + 3)
    (1)
    The picture of the original curve (in blue) and the Fourier series up to p = 30
    is:

    Since the function is piecewise continuous, the Fourier series will converge
    to the average of the left and right limit at any point. In particular at x = 0
    the Fourier series is 0 while at x = ± π2 it takes the value ± 12 . These are the
    only points on [−π, π] were the initial function and the Fourier series are not
    identical.

    1
    Second function f (x) = x is an odd function so only sine coefficients are
    non-zero. We have after an integration by part:

    1 a 2(−1)n+1 a
    Z
    nπx
    bn = x sin( )dx =
    a −a a πn

    Therefore, the Fourier series is:


    ∞
    X 2(−1)n+1 nπx
    x∼ sin( ) (2)
    n=1
    πn a

    The function is continuous on [−a, a] so the Fourier series may only differ
    from the function at the end of the interval. The Fourier series vanishes at
    theses points and hence we have: The picture of the original curve (in blue)
    and the Fourier series up to p = 30 is:

    Third function If f (x) = cos(x)2 then it can be rewriten as f (x) = 12 +


    1
    2
    cos(2x) This function is already expanded in the Fourier series on [−π, π].
    Therefore the Fourier series is: 12 + 12 cos(2x) and it is identical to the function
    on [−π, π].

    Fourth function The function is neither even nor odd so we have to com-
    pute both an and bn terms. We find:

    a0 = 2

    2
    2(−1 + (−1)n )
    
    0 if n = 2p
    an = = 4
    2
    π n 2 − π2 n2 if n = 2p + 1
    n
    
    1 + (−1) 0 if n = 2p + 1
    bn = − = 2
    πn − πn if n = 2p
    (3)

    Therefore the Fourier series is:


    ∞ ∞
    X 4 (2p + 1)πx X 1
    f (x) ∼ 1 − cos( ) − sin(pπx) (4)
    p=0
    π 2 (2p + 1)2 2 p=1
    πp

    The picture is the following:

    The function is continuous everywhere except 0 so the only points where


    the Fourier series is not equal to the initial function are x = 0 and at the
    endpoints. For x = ±2, the Fourier series takes the value ± 32 . For x = 0, the
    Fourier series takes the value 21 .

    Fifth function The function is neither odd nor even. Computing the co-
    efficients give:

    a0 = 1
    an = 0
    0 if n = 2p
    bn = 2
    πn
    if n = 2p + 1
    (5)

    3
    Therefore the Fourier series is:
    ∞
    1 X 2
    f (x) ∼ + sin((2p + 1)πx) (6)
    2 p=0 π(2p + 1)

    The picture is the following:

    2 Exercise 2
    The function f (x) = x2 is even so only cosine coefficients are non-zero. They
    are given by (after a double integration by parts):
    1 π 2 2π 2
    Z
    a0 = x dx =
    π Z−π 3
    1 π 2 4(−1)n
    an = x cos(nx)dx =
    π −π n2
    (7)
    Therefore, the Fourier series is:
    ∞
    π2 X (−1)n
    x2 ∼ +4 2
    cos(nx) (8)
    3 n=1
    n

    The Fourier series is equals the initial function x2 on [−π, π] including the
    endpoints. Taking x = 0 leads to:
    ∞ ∞
    π2 X (−1)n X (−1)n π2
    0= +4 ⇒ = (9)
    3 n=1
    n2 n=1
    n2 12

    4
    Taking x = π gives:
    ∞ ∞
    π2 X (−1)n X 1 π2
    π2 = +4 (−1)n
    ⇒ = (10)
    3 n=1
    n2 n=1
    n2 6

    Here is the picture for only the first 10 terms in the Fourier series (the
    convergence is extremely fast):

    3 Exercise 3
    The solution of the boundary problems are of the form:
    ∞
    2t
    X
    u(x, t) = Bn sin(nx)e−5n (11)
    n=1

    Now we also have to satisfy the initial condition: u(x, t = 0) = f (x).


    First Case
    In order to only have sine coefficients in the Fourier series, we have to use
    the sine Fourier series on [0, π]. Doing so leads to:
    2 π
    Z 
    0 if n = 2p
    Bn = x(π − x) sin(nx)dx = 8 (12)
    π 0 πn3
    if n = 2p + 1
    Therefore the solution is:
    ∞
    X 8 2
    u(x, t) = 3
    sin((2p + 1)x)e−5(2p+1) t (13)
    p=0
    π(2p + 1)

    5
    Second Case In order to only have sine coefficients in the Fourier series,
    we have to use the sine Fourier series on [0, π]. Doing so leads to:

     0 if n = 4p
    4 sin( nπ
    Z π  4
    2 2
    ) 
    − πn2 if n = 4p + 1
    Bn = f (x) sin(nx)dx = − = (14)
    π 0 πn 2 
     0 if n = 4p + 2
     4
    πn2
    if n = 4p + 3

    Therefore the solution is:


    ∞ ∞
    X 4 −5(4p+3)2 t
    X 4 −5(4p+1)2 t
    u(x, t) = sin ((4p + 3)x) e − sin ((4p + 1)x) e
    p=0
    π(4p + 3)2 p=0
    π(4p + 1)2
    (15)
    Here are the pictures of the Fourier series and the initial functions for
    the functions f (x) for only terms involving p ∈ {0, 1, 2}. The convergence is
    very fast since we can almost not distinguish the two curves.

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