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Concrete Technology: Supervised by DR - Rahel Prepared by Qahire Shakr

The document provides definitions and information related to concrete technology. It defines concrete as a mixture of cement, water, fine aggregate (sand), coarse aggregate (gravel or crushed rocks), air, and chemical admixtures. It defines the key components of concrete - cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, and chemical and mineral admixtures. It also defines workability of concrete as the property that determines how easily freshly mixed concrete can be handled, placed, consolidated, and finished without segregation or loss of homogeneity.

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Qahra Shakr
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283 views5 pages

Concrete Technology: Supervised by DR - Rahel Prepared by Qahire Shakr

The document provides definitions and information related to concrete technology. It defines concrete as a mixture of cement, water, fine aggregate (sand), coarse aggregate (gravel or crushed rocks), air, and chemical admixtures. It defines the key components of concrete - cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, and chemical and mineral admixtures. It also defines workability of concrete as the property that determines how easily freshly mixed concrete can be handled, placed, consolidated, and finished without segregation or loss of homogeneity.

Uploaded by

Qahra Shakr
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Koya university

Faculty of engineering
Civil department

Concrete technology

Supervised by;dr.rahel
Prepared by ;qahire shakr
2020-2021
Table of content
Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………2-3

History ………………………………………………………………………………………..4-6

Properties …………………………………………………………………………………..7-8

Advanced ……………………………………………………………………………………9-12

Conclusion …………………………………………………………………………………..13-15

Refrence ……………………………………………………………………………………….16
DEFINITION OF CONCRETE
Concrete is a mixture of cement (9 – 15%), water (15 – 16%), fine aggregate (sand, 25 – 30%),
coarse

aggregate (gravel or crushed rocks, 30 – 45%), air (2 – 6%) and chemical admixtures in which
the

cement and water have hardened by a chemical reaction – hydration – to bind the nearly (non -

reacting) aggregate.

DEFINITION OF CEMENT
Portland cements are hydraulic cements, meaning they react and harden chemically with the
addition

of water. Cement contains limestone, clay, rock and iron ore blended and heated to 1200 to
1500 C°.

The resulting product "clinker" is then ground to the consistency of powder. Gypsum is added
to

control setting time

DEFINITION OF FINE AGGREGATE


Normally called sand, this component can be natural sand or crushed stone, and represents
particles

smaller than 4.0 mm. Generally accounts for 30%-35% of the mixture.

DEFINITION OF COARSE AGGREGATE


May be either gravel or crushed stone. Makes up 40%-45% of the mixture, comprised of
particles

greater than 4mm.


DEFINITION OF CHEMICAL ADMIXTURES
Materials added to alter the properties of concrete including:

Air entraining admixtures: add microscopic air bubbles to the concrete, enhancingits
resistance to freeze/thaw cycles and makes the concrete easier to finish.

 accelerators: speed the set-time of the mixture, enabling finishing operations to


begin

sooner, useful during cold weather pours.

  Set retarders: have the opposite effect, slowing the set and enabling delivery to
distant

sites and finishing during hot weather.

 Water reducers: are used to reduce the amount of water required to produce a given
slump. They also provide a ball bearing effect, making the concrete easier to finish, and

produce better cement hydration. By reducing the amount of water required,cement

amounts can be reduced because concrete strength is directly related to the

water/cement ratio.

DEFINITION OF MINERAL ADMIXTURES


Mineral admixtures include fly ash, hydrated lime, silica fume and ground blast furnace slag.
Many of

these materials have cement-like properties, increasing the strength and density of the finished

concrete. They generally improve the workability, density and long-term strength of concrete,
at the

expense of set time and early strengths.

Definitions of Workability of Concrete


ACI (American Concrete Institute) defines the workability of concrete as ‘the property of freshly
mixed

concrete or mortar which determines the ease and homogeneity with which it can be mixed,
placed,

consolidated and finished. A concrete is said to be workable if:

 It can be handled without segregation

 It can be placed without loss of homogeneity

 It can be compacted with specified effort

 It can be finished easily

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