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Latitude

Latitude and longitude lines divide the Earth's surface. Latitude lines run east-west and are approximately 111 km apart. Longitude lines run north-south and are 4 minutes apart in time. India adopted 82.30° east longitude as its standard meridian to set a unified time zone, as there was up to a 2 hour time difference between eastern and western India previously. This standard meridian passes through Allahabad. India does not observe daylight saving time.

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153 views2 pages

Latitude

Latitude and longitude lines divide the Earth's surface. Latitude lines run east-west and are approximately 111 km apart. Longitude lines run north-south and are 4 minutes apart in time. India adopted 82.30° east longitude as its standard meridian to set a unified time zone, as there was up to a 2 hour time difference between eastern and western India previously. This standard meridian passes through Allahabad. India does not observe daylight saving time.

Uploaded by

Zafar Akhtar
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Latitude: These are all the imaginary parallel circles from the equator to the poles which run

across
the Earth from east to west. Each degree of latitude is approximately 111 kilometers, 69 miles
(364,000 ft )

Longitude: These are imaginary set of semi-circle lines that run across the Earth from North to South
direction or from North Pole to South Pole. Each semi-circle lines represents one longitude. Earth
complete one circle around sun in 24 hour (1440 minutes) day, When we divide 1440 minutes by
360 (degree) , we get results 4 minutes per longitude. Thus, if you move from one longitude to the
next the difference will be of four (4) minutes.

1. The standard meridian of India is 82.30° degrees east of the Greenwich Meridian. This meridian
passes through the city of Allahabad. It runs through the center of the country.

In 1905, this longitude was selected as the meridian to create the Indian Standard Time. In
winter, the Indian Standard Time is 5 hours 30 minutes ahead of Greenwich Mean Time. In
summer, this time difference is 4 hours and 30 minutes due to adjustments made for daylight
savings time. India does not use daylight savings time.

After India became independent in August 1947, there were three separate time zones in India
until 1955. As of 2014, the whole of India follows the time set on 82.30 degrees east.

2. We need a standard meridian for India because there is a time lag of about 2 hours between


Gujarat and Arunachal Pradesh. To avoid confusion of time in different states, India adopted
a standard meridian which is 82.30° degrees east and it passes through Mirzapur located in Uttar
Pradesh.
3. 82.30 degrees east has been chosen as the standard meridian of India because of the following
reason:-
 The longitudinal extent of India is about 30 degrees. We all know that the sun rises in the east
and sets in the west so it takes 4 minutes for the sun to move across a one longitude. The
eastern most point of India is 2 hours ahead of the western most point, in accordance with local
time. To avoid the confusion created by time differences a longitude passing through the mid
point of 68.7° the west longitude and 97. 25° east longitude, is taken as the standard meridian of
India

Implications of the latitudinal extent of India:

(a) The Tropic of Cancer 23° 30' N divides India into ' two parts. The Southern part of India lies in the
Tropical zone and northern part lies in Sub-tropical zone.
(b) The southern part of India does not have difference in the duration of day and night while
northern part shows difference.
(c) Northern part has high annual range of temperature whereas southern part has low annual
range of temperature.

Implications of the longitudinal extent of India:

(a) India extends from 68° 7’ E and 97° 25’ E longitudes. There is a difference of 29° 18’ between
eastern and western extremes of India.
(b) For every 15° of longitudinal difference, there is corresponding time difference of 1 hour. As a
result of this variation, Arunachal Pradesh is nearly 2 hours ahead of Gujarat in local time.
(c) In order to avoid this difference of 2 hours, 82°30’E longitude has been selected as Prime
Meridian for the Indian Standard Time.

India is located in the centre of the World between East and the West Asia.

The routes across the Indian ocean which connect the countries of Europe in the West and the
countries of East Asia provide a strategic central location to India.

The Deccan Peninsula helps India to establish close contact with West Asia, Africa and Europe from
the western coast and with Southeast and East Asia from the eastern coast.

The Ocean which is south of India given name Indian Ocean as no other country has a long coastline
on the Indian Ocean as India has

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