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Week08 Inheritance and Polymorphism-Min PDF

This document discusses inheritance and polymorphism in Java. It covers key concepts like implementing subclasses through inheritance using the extends keyword, invoking superclass constructors and methods with super, overriding superclass methods, and polymorphism through reference variables. Polymorphic reference variables allow calling methods on subclasses at runtime through dynamic binding. The document also discusses final keywords, the Object class, and casting objects.

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124 views48 pages

Week08 Inheritance and Polymorphism-Min PDF

This document discusses inheritance and polymorphism in Java. It covers key concepts like implementing subclasses through inheritance using the extends keyword, invoking superclass constructors and methods with super, overriding superclass methods, and polymorphism through reference variables. Polymorphic reference variables allow calling methods on subclasses at runtime through dynamic binding. The document also discusses final keywords, the Object class, and casting objects.

Uploaded by

Mae X
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Week 08

Inheritance and Polymorphisms


Learning Outcomes

•Upon completion of this lecture, student


should be able to:
• To implement a subclass from a superclass
through inheritance
• To invoke the superclass’s constructors and
methods using the super keyword
• To override instance methods in the subclass
• To distinguish differences between overriding and
overloading
• To restrict access to data and methods to
subclasses using the protected visibility modifier
Contents

• What Is Inheritance?
• Calling the Superclass Constructor
• Overriding Superclass Methods
• Access Control Modifiers
• Chains of Inheritance
• The Object Class
• Polymorphism
• Casting Object
Inheritance (Is-A relationship)

Insect
Contains those attributes
and methods that are
shared by all insects.

BumbleBee Grasshopper

Contains those attributes and Contains those attributes and


methods that specific to a Bumble methods that are specific to a
Bee. Grasshopper.

11-4
Inheritance
Inheritance
Inheritance
Inheritance

• The Java keyword, extends, is used on the class


header to define the subclass.

<modifier> class <name> extends <superclass>


{
…….
}

public class Manager extends Employee {

11-8
Constructor
Constructor
Constructor
Recall
Overriding
Overriding Methods
Rule of Overriding
Overriding Methods
Question

Overloading Vs Overriding

11-18
final keyword

• The final modifier will prevent the overriding of a


superclass method in a subclass.

public final void message()

• If you do not want a class to be subclassed, precede the


class declaration with the keyword final.
• If you do not want a method to be overridden by a
subclass, precede the method declaration with the
keyword final.
• If you want a variable to be read-only (that is, a
constant), precede it with the keyword final.
11-20
Example of final

final class MyClass {


final int x = 3;
public static final double PI = 3.14159;

final double getPI() { return PI; }


}
The Object Class
Some Methods in the Object Class

Method Purpose

Object clone( ) Creates a copy of this object


boolean equals(Object obj) Tests whether two objects are equal
void finalize( ) Called before recycling the object
Class<?> getClass( ) Returns the class of the object
int hashCode( ) Returns the hash code of the object
void notify( ) Resumes execution of a thread waiting on the
object
void notifyAll( ) Resumes execution of all threads waiting on
the object
String toString( ) Returns a string describing the object
void wait( ) Waits on another thread of execution
The equals Method
An equals example
An equals example
Practice 1
Chains of Inheritance

• A superclass can also be derived from another class.

Object

GradedActivity

PassFailActivity

PassFailExam

11-31
Chains of Inheritance

• Classes often are depicted graphically in a class


hierarchy.
• A class hierarchy shows the inheritance
relationships between classes.
GradedActivity

FinalExam PassFailActivity

PassFailExam

11-32
Polymorphism

Employee e = new Employee ();


Employee e1= new Manager();

Employee e2= new Engineer ();

Employee e3= new Secretary();


Virtual Method Invocation
GradedActivity exam = new GradedActivity();;

GradedActivity exam = new FinalExam(50, 7);

GradedActivity exam2 = new PassFailActivity(70);

GradedActivity exam3 = new PassFailExam(100, 10, 70);

In Java, a reference variable is polymorphic because it can reference


objects of types different from its own, as long as those types are
subclasses of its type.
• The GradedActivity class has three methods: setScore,
getScore, and getGrade. GradedActivity
- score : double
+ setScore(s : double) : void
+ getScore() : double
+ getGrade() : char

• A GradedActivity variable can be used to call only those


three methods.
GradedActivity exam = new PassFailExam(100, 10, 70);
System.out.println(exam.getScore());
System.out.println(exam.getGrade());
System.out.println(exam.getPointsEach());
ERROR!

11-37
Polymorphism and Dynamic
Binding

• If the object of the subclass has overridden a method in the


superclass:
• If the variable makes a call to that method the subclass’s version of
the method will be run.
GradedActivity exam = new PassFailActivity(60);
exam.setScore(70);
System.out.println(exam.getGrade());

• Java performs dynamic binding or late binding when a variable contains


a polymorphic reference.
• The Java Virtual Machine determines at runtime which method to call,
depending on the type of object that the variable references.

11-38
Casting Objects
Inheritance AND Polymorphism
Main Reference :
I. Savitch, W. Absolute Java. 4th Edition, Pearson International Edition.
2010.
II. Tony Gaddis. “Starting Out with Java: From Control Structures
through Objects”. 4th Edition. Addison-Wesley. 2010
III. Y. Daniel Liang. “Introduction to Java Programming, Comprehensive”.
8th Edition. Prentice Hall. 2011
Lecturer: Tan Soo Fun
KS20603 Object-Oriented Programming
The End

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