INTRODUCTION OF

MICROPROCESSOR

BikashChhetri
WHAT IS
MICROPROCESSOR?

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 APPLICATION OF
MICROPROCESSOR

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 WHAT IS M.P?
Microprocessor is a multipurpose programmable device that reads binary
(instruction/data) as input and processes data according to these instructions and
produces results as output.
A programmable machine can be represented by 3 components like
1. Processor
2. Memory
3. I/P and O/P

Application of M.P
• Household devices
• Industrial application of m.p
• Transportation industry
• Computer and electronics
• Medicals equipment
• Communication

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 Memory

M.P

I/O

Figure 1.1
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WORKING OF M.P
 Microcomputer acts as a cpu in a microcomputer.
 Microprocessor is the brain of the machine.
 A microprocessor is a device, which is capable of
1. Fetching the data
2. Decoding the data
3. Executing the data

IC(Integrated circuit) :- IC is a small chip that can function as amplifier, oscillator, timer, or even
computer memory.

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FIRST MICROPROCESSOR INTEL 4004

• The Intel 4004 is a 4-bit central processing unit (CPU) released

by Intel Corporation in 1971.
• It was the first microprocessor,

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VERY SHORT ANSWER OF M.P

Computer's central processing unit built on a single integrated circuit is called m.p

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WORD LENGTH
The number of bits, a microprocessor can operate in one operation is called the word length of
that microprocessor
Example 8-bit, 16-bit, 32-bit, 64-bit etc.
8085 is an 8-bit microprocessor i.e. the word length is 8-bit

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 Micro Computer
A microcomputer is a computer in which the cpu, is connected on a single chip, a m.p,
input/output devices and storage unit which makes proper working of microcomputer.

Types of Microcomputer:-
 Laptop
 Notebook
 Desktop
.

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1.2 EVOLUTION OF MICROPROCESSOR
There are 5 generation of microprocessor which are listed
below:-
1. First Generation of microprocessor
2. Second Generation of microprocessor
3. Third Generation of microprocessor
4. Fourth Generation of microprocessor
5. Fifth Generation of microprocessor

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 GENERATION OF MICROPROCESSOR
1. 1st Generation of M.P
 4-bit microprocessor
 It was introduced in the year 1997-1972
 The instruction of these m.p were processed serially, they fetched the instruction, decode and
then execute it.

2. 2nd Generation of M.P

 8-bit m.p
 IC consists of numbers of transistor in the 2nd generation microprocessor.
 Introduced in the year 1979.
 It is defined by overlapped fetch, decode and execute the steps.
 The difference between the 1st generation m.p and 2nd generation m.p was mainly the use of
new semiconductor technologies to manufacture the chips.

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3. 3rd Generation of m.p
 It were introduced in the year 1978 as denoted by Intel’s 8086 and Zilog Z8000.
 These were 16-bit processors like mini computer.

4. 4th Generation of m.p

 The 4th generation m.p are entered with outstanding design with a million transistors.
 The forth generation came into existence from 1981 to 1995
 32 bit m.p

5. 5th Generation of m.p

 64-bit m.p
 In fifth generation, PCs are a low-margin, high volume business conquered by a single m.p
 From 1995 till now we are in 5th generation processor like PENTIUM, dual, quard and octa
core processor

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TYPES OF M.P

I. Reduced instruction set m.p

II. Complex instruction set m.p
III. Digital signal multiprocessor
IV. Application specific integrated circuit

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ADVANTAGE OF M.P
I. High processing speed
II. Compact size
III. Easy maintenance
IV. Can perform complex mathematics
V. flexible

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THANK YOU
Bikash Chhetri 98470….

bikashkc097@gmail,com

http://haraiyaschool.ml

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