LP Implementation Plan Jan2013

LON D ON P LAN
I M P LE M E NTATION P LAN 1
JAN UARY 2013
LONDON PLAN 2011

IMPLEMENTATION FRAMEWORK
LONDON PLAN IMPLEMENTATION PLAN
COPYRIGHT
Greater London Authority
January 2013
Published by
Greater London Authority
City Hall
The Queen’s Walk
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Page 2 of 112
LONDON PLAN
IMPLEMENTATION PLAN 1
January 2013
CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION 4
2 IMPLEMENTATION ACTIONS FOR THE LONDON PLAN 8

POLICIES
3 PROVISION OF STRATEGIC INFRASTRUCTURE 13
LONDON’S OVERALL INFRASTRUCTURE NEEDS 15
TRANSPORT 19
WATER 23
ENERGY 35
TELECOMMUNICATIONS 43
WASTE 46
SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE 50
GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE 63
4 FUNDING OPPORTUNITIES 69
5 CONCLUSIONS AND LOOKING AHEAD 72
ANNEX 1 SUMMARY OF KEY IMPLEMENTATION ACTIONS 77
ANNEX 2 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS 109
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CHAPTER 1
I NT R O D U CT I O N
Planning Policy Framework, which

CHAPTER ONE emphasises the importance of planning
INTRODUCTION authorities planning positively for the
development and infrastructure required
for the growth and development of their
Purpose and status areas. It encourages inclusion of policies
in Local Plans setting strategic priorities
1.1 The purpose of the London Plan for their areas including strategic policies
Implementation Plan is to set out how the to deliver housing; economic
policies of the London Plan will be development; provision of infrastructure
translated into practical action. It is for transport, telecoms, waste
important to ensure the effective management, water supply, wastewater,
implementation of the policies supporting flood risk, coastal management, the
the Mayor’s planning powers– in provision of minerals and energy
particular providing a framework for (including heat); health, security,
translating the trends and policies set out community and cultural infrastructure and
in the London Plan into investment other facilities; and measures to address
decisions and plans. This Implementation climate change 1. This Implementation
Plan provides an overview of Plan is intended by the Mayor as a
mechanisms – a toolkit – to achieve this. resource which boroughs and others can
draw on in addressing these tasks, within
1.2 It also provides a more robust basis for the framework provided by the London
infrastructure planning across London. Plan.
During the Draft Replacement London
Plan consultation a wide range of 1.5 Whilst the production of an
stakeholders including boroughs had Implementation Plan for the London Plan
pressed for such improved is not a statutory requirement, it will be a
implementation and infrastructure valuable and flexible tool to support the
planning by the Mayor. The Government application of the London Plan policies.
has also emphasised the importance of Policy 8.4 (Part B) of the London Plan
planning for and implementing introduces the Implementation Plan as
infrastructure to support growth. follows:
1.3 The Implementation Plan is intended to: “The Mayor produces an

Implementation Plan which includes a
 facilitate effective coordination and range of strategic actions that the
cooperation of activities to ensure the Mayor, boroughs and key
realisation of the London Plan. stakeholders across the public,
 inform developers and all delivery private, voluntary and community
partners who need to understand the sectors will deliver to ensure the
envisaged implementation actions implementation of this Plan. The
and strategic infrastructure provision Implementation Plan is produced
in relation to the London Plan. separately, but clear links between
 provide communities with transparent implementation actions and policies in
and accessible information to enable the London Plan are included and it
them to get involved in the will be updated regularly.”
development of their area.
 help boroughs in terms of the wider Scope and limitations
context for their local implementation
1.6 This Implementation Plan will be an
and infrastructure planning and the
evolving document. A baseline of
preparation for their Community
information is being established but it
Infrastructure Levy (CIL).
1.4 The importance of these issues is 1

See CLG, National Planning Policy Framework, March
underlined in the Government’s National 2012, paragraph 156
Page 5 of 112
currently remains high level and has a economic circumstances and potential
number of gaps. Work will continue on a spending constraints in the public sector
range of aspects, particularly on filling are also taken into account.
data gaps through further research and/or
in cooperation with relevant delivery 1.9 The second core section (chapter 3)
agencies and as further details about addresses the strategic infrastructure
availability of resources are known. Over required to support the growth set out in
time the document will be refined and the London Plan (and particularly housing
more detail will be added. The growth) over the period to 2036.
Implementation Plan will complement the Infrastructure that is of significance
implementation and infrastructure across borough boundaries, in terms of
planning required to support Opportunity transport, utilities (water, energy, waste),
Area Planning Frameworks (OAPFs) and telecommunications, social and green
Local Plans, addressing the broad infrastructure is explored – initially on a
implementation dimension appropriate to broad London-wide basis. As far as
the level of detail of the London Plan. possible this process includes identifying
the potential infrastructure need based on
Structure and methodology transparent assumptions about future
resource demand and other aspects. The
1.7 The Implementation Plan aims to be user- provision of infrastructure to meet this
friendly, concise, transparent and easy to need, cost and potential funding
update. It is organised around two core
opportunities of strategic infrastructure
sections:
are also addressed. Funding
opportunities that apply across different
1.8 At the centre of the first (chapter 2 plus
types of infrastructure are the focus of
Annex 1) is a range of strategic chapter 4. However, it should be noted
implementation actions for the GLA that in many cases budgets, funding
Group, partner organisations and delivery
mechanisms and priorities in the public
agencies covering all policy areas. This is
sector are extremely uncertain. Therefore,
based around a comprehensive
the information provided is kept very brief
investigation into the implementation and high-level.
dimension of all policies of the Plan. The
implementation actions support and
facilitate the implementation of the Implementation Group
London Plan policies. They include
1.10 An Early Working Draft of this
significant investment initiatives and
Implementation Plan was produced in
strategies, as well as important
September 2010 to illustrate the Mayor’s
partnerships and research work. Specific
approach to implementation planning for
guidance and support for boroughs in
the London Plan Examination in Public
realising the London Plan through their
(EIP). Whilst the Implementation Plan
Local Plans is also included. For each
itself was not subject to scrutiny, many
implementation action, information about
EIP participants welcomed the Mayor’s
responsible delivery bodies, a timescale
approach and offered support for its
for delivery and a degree of certainty is
further development.
provided. No attempt is made to prioritise
individual actions over others. Rather an
1.11 An Implementation Group has been
indication is given about the firmness of
established to support the preparation
commitment expressed by key deliverers
and over time the review of the
to each action and to the dependencies in
Implementation Plan. The Implementation
terms of resources, local commitment,
Group aims to:
individual circumstances, Government
decision/guidance, technical expertise or
a) assist in providing the Mayor with
better partnership working. Potential
data or potential sources of data
barriers that have to be overcome in each
required for the development and
case are being identified. Current
updating of the Implementation Plan;
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b) assist in providing the Mayor with  Opportunity Area/Intensification Area

advice and analysis; Frameworks, with a formal status
c) assist in suggesting and delivering  Implementation guides
actions for inclusion in the  The Annual Monitoring Report, with a
Implementation Plan; formal status.
d) assist in making policy
recommendations to the Mayor on
matters relating to implementation
and infrastructure planning for
possible inclusion in the London Plan
and/or other strategies.
1.12 The Implementation Group is chaired

and managed by GLA officers.
Representatives are drawn from
representatives of delivery agencies
covering the different types of strategic
infrastructure. Local authority officers
and community representatives as well
as other key stakeholders involved in
infrastructure planning are also
represented.
1.13 As the current focus is on strategic

infrastructure, sub-groups have been
formed for the different types of
infrastructure. They will over time help to
shape and refine the different sections.
For the production of this draft input was
largely sought from the delivery agencies
that could provide data/information to
establish a baseline. However, over time
the role of representatives from local
authorities and sub-regional bodies is
likely to increase as closer links to the
implementation and infrastructure
aspects of Local Planning documents
are sought.
London Plan Implementation

Framework
1.14 At its centre of the Mayor’s new
approach to implementation of the
London Plan is a suite of documents that
together make up a London Planning
Implementation Framework. The
Implementation Plan is the overarching
implementation document within this.
The Implementation Framework also
includes:
 Supplementary Planning Guidance

(SPG), with a formal status. – They
are individually included in Annex 1.
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CHAPTER 2
I M P LE M E N TAT I O N
ACT I O N S F O R
TH E LO N D O N
P LA N P O LI C I E S
 Borough development plan

CHAPTER TWO documents (DPDs) must be in
IMPLEMENTATION general conformity with the Plan. 3
 The Plan directly provides the policy
ACTIONS FOR THE framework for the Mayor’s own
decisions on strategic planning
LONDON PLAN applications referred to him.
 Major investment decisions regarding
POLICIES infrastructure and services may be
strongly influenced by the Plan,
which also provides the spatial
2.1 Paragraph 8.20 of the London Plan context for the Mayor’s Transport
states that at the centre of the Strategy (MTS) and other
Implementation Plan ‘is a range of strategies. 4
strategic and tangible implementation
actions for the GLA Group, partner 2.4 These planning and investment powers
organisations and delivery agencies are the main vehicles of implementing
covering all policy areas. The the Plan. As they are relevant across
implementation actions support and basically all policies, they are not
facilitate the implementation of the Plan’s specifically mentioned in Annex 1, which
policies. For each implementation action, summarises implementation actions for
information about responsible delivery the different policy areas.
bodies, a timescale for delivery and a
degree of certainty/ commitment are Working in partnership
provided..’
2.5 The Mayor cannot implement the Plan
2.2 The implementation actions are listed in alone. He will work with a range of
Annex 1, and this chapter aims to organisations to align priorities and
identify strategic and tangible ensure that the objectives and policies of
implementation actions across the topics the Plan are implemented. Partner
the London Plan addresses. The organisations include (not exhaustive):
following provides an overview of the
wide range of different types of  The GLA Group – Transport for
implementation mechanisms. London (TfL), the Metropolitan Police
Authority (MPA) and the London Fire
The Mayor’s planning powers and & Emergency Planning Authority
(LFEPA)
influence
 The boroughs within, and the local
2.3 The London Plan itself is a statutory planning authorities around, London
planning document with formal – and their representative
development plan status. 2 It is the main associations and partnerships at
vehicle for coordinating strategic local, sub-regional, London-wide and
decision-making on London’s county levels
development on a spatial basis. The  The private sector, including
Plan influences development decisions developers, infrastructure providers
primarily in the following ways: and business organisations. The
private sector makes a significant
 The London Plan itself forms part of contribution to implementation,
the development plan, which should particularly in opportunity and
be taken into account by boroughs in intensification areas. They are also
making planning decisions. responsible for two thirds of housing
3
Section 24, Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act
2
GLA Act 1999, Section 334, Planning and Compulsory 2004
4
Purchase Act 2004, Section 37(6) Section 334(4), Greater London Authority Act 1999
Page 9 of 112
output across London, and the office, organisations). He recognises the

retail and leisure developments, importance of development trusts, other
which are driving town centre community organisations and local
regeneration business partnerships and bodies in
 Government (CLG in particular) and helping to shape and develop
the European Union neighbourhoods, sometimes in ways that
 Statutory agencies such as the the public sector cannot.
Environment Agency, Natural
England, English Heritage and 2.8 In particular with regard to certain
Network Rail infrastructure (for transport, water, waste
 The voluntary and the community and energy) the Mayor also seeks to
sector, whose role will be influence the Government and the
strengthened, including for example infrastructure regulators and to work with
the London Forum of Civic and the infrastructure providers in London in
Amenity Societies order to ensure the timely delivery of
new infrastructure. However, the efficient
2.6 Working with a wide range of existing management of existing assets and
partnerships provides an efficient way of incentives to promote behavioural
involving stakeholders in complex change are also critical to reduce
issues. Important partnerships and resource and infrastructure needs. - See
umbrella organisations include for section 3 for more details on the different
example: types of infrastructure.
 Geographic: Local Strategic 2.9 This Implementation Plan highlights for

Partnerships, London Councils, sub- the different policy areas key partners
regional partnerships and town and partnerships that help the Mayor to
centre partnerships, Outer London deliver the Plan (see Annex 1). However,
Commission and county networks in due to the complexity of many policies,
the greater south-east of England not all relevant/interested bodies are
 Sectoral/thematic: London First, CBI, mentioned.
House Builders Federation, London
Biodiversity Partnership, London Supporting strategies and
Climate Change Partnership, London guidance
Access Forum, emerging London 2.10 The Mayor, the GLA Group and partners
Housing Board 5 and London at national, London-wide and borough
Enterprise Partnership level produce a wide range of strategies
on various topics. It is important that they
2.7 The Mayor also supports approaches to are aligned and reinforce each other. 6
planning, regeneration and development Several strategies have been identified
that harness the knowledge, that reinforce and support the
commitment and enthusiasm of local implementation of different policies in the
communities, enterprises and other Plan (see Annex 1). These include the
groups. He will encourage use of tools Mayor’s Housing, Transport and
such as Neighbourhood Plans, Economic Development Strategies.
Community Right to Built and community However, it is not considered necessary
land trusts Community Land Trust, and to duplicate the content of these
Business Improvement Districts, which documents in this Implementation Plan.
enable communities to shape their own
neighbourhoods through the 2.11 Many London Plan policies are also
management and development of land supported by Supplementary Planning
and other assets (including those Guidance (SPG) published by the
transferred from public sector
5 6
Replaced the Housing and Communities Agency in Section 41 (4) and (5), Greater London Authority Act
London 1999
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Mayor. These are included in Annex 1. population growth recorded by early data
They provide detail to help boroughs in from the 2011 census in mind.
reflecting the Plan’s policies through
their local plans. The following list Area-specific action plans and
provides an overview of the programme designations
of SPG production at the time of writing.
2.14 Mechanisms to promote development,
The indicative programme of planned improvements and regeneration in
SPGs and similar publications during specific areas of London include (not
2013 include (not exhaustive): exhaustive):
 London Planning Statement (to  Opportunity and Intensification Area

replace GOL Circular 1/2008) Planning Frameworks to support the
 Crossrail S106/CIL SPG development of strategic locations
with capacity for growth
 Safeguarded Wharves Review
 Strategic Industrial Locations (SIL),
 Planning for Hazardous Installations
Town Centres and Business
 Central Activity Zone SPG
Improvement Districts as strategic
 Town Centre SPG areas to generate synergies of
 Affordable Housing Toolkit activities
 Strategic Housing Land Availability  Area Strategies, Action Plans and
Assessment Masterplans with detailed proposals
 Understanding Place SPG for an area
 Accessible London SPG  Management Plans ensuring the
 Lifetime Neighbourhoods and maintenance and enhancement of
Neighbourhood Planning SPG assets
 Control of Dust / Emissions during  Policy designations ensuring that
Construction SPG certain conditions are applied for
 Sustainable Design and Construction development in the area covered.
SPG
2.15 Compulsory purchase powers may be
The following link used to acquire land in order to secure
http://www.london.gov.uk/priorities/planni development where this is appropriate.
ng/vision/supplementary-planning-
guidance takes you to the latest position 2.16 Annex 1 highlights for various policy
in terms of SPGs that are published – areas important area-specific action plans
final or in draft. This is also included in and designations that help the Mayor to
the current AMR – see paragraph 4.1. deliver the London Plan.
2.12 The SPGs often refer to case studies and Assessments and research
good practice. The Mayor’s London
Planning Awards also showcase and 2.17 The implementation of the Plan’s policies
promote annually such good practice. requires robust evidence. Assessments
and research studies are often
2.13 The Mayor keeps the London Plan under undertaken or supported by the GLA
continued revision to ensure it is as up-to- Group, boroughs, consultancies and
date as possible. He is currently research institutes. These can underpin
promoting Revised Early Minor the case for developers, boroughs and
Alterations to the Plan to take account of others to act in accordance with the
the National Planning Policy Framework, policies. That will often also inform the
changes to national policy on affordable evidence base of the boroughs’ local
housing and other developments. During plans in terms of infrastructure provision.
2013 he will start work on Further Annex 1 includes significant assessments
Alterations to roll the Plan forward to and pieces of research. The Mayor will be
2036, particularly with the strong discussing ways of working with boroughs
Page 11 of 112
and others to ensure the evidence Investment

needed for effective planning in London is
2.19 Investment schemes by the GLA Group,
gathered and disseminated in the most
effective way possible. The programme of by Government and by delivery agencies
research that the Mayor will conduct to such as infrastructure providers are the
most tangible and direct implementation
ensure the London Plan is kept up to date
mechanism. The private sector has also
(on demographic and economic trends,
a significant role in financing investment.
for example) is reflected in this document
Some schemes that are related to
and will inform future implementation of
the London Plan. individual policies are included in Annex
1. The delivery of strategic infrastructure
to accommodate the growth proposed in
2.18 The Mayor has announced his intention to
the London Plan is addressed in more
review the way in which strategic policies
detail in chapter 3 whilst generic funding
on housing need and supply are
developed to develop approaches that opportunities are covered in chapter 4.
are more effective, “bottom-up”,
2.20 The Mayor has taken on additional
participative and consensual. He will also
powers of implementation and delivery.
want to ensure that this approach takes
He has taken on the London housing
account of the emerging National
Planning Policy Framework. Discussions investment functions previously held by
have been held with boroughs and other the Home and Communities Agency.
Following the Localism Act 2011 he has
stakeholders, and further details will be
taken direct responsibility for the land
announced shortly.
and development functions of the former
London Development Agency, which
have been merged into the GLA. There
is the possibility of further policy and
institutional changes which may affect
future alterations of this document.
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CHAPTER 3
P R OV I S I O N
OF S T R AT E G I C
I N F R A S T R U CT U R E
The structure set out below illustrates a

CHAPTER THREE 3.3
comprehensive approach to the
PROVISION OF provision of strategic infrastructure to
support the growth proposed in the
STRATEGIC London Plan. The structure has been
applied to the different types of
INFRASTRUCTURE infrastructure.
3.1 Paragraph 8.20 of the London Plan a) Identify strategic infrastructure within
states that the Implementation Plan ‘also the following types of infrastructure:
addresses more specifically the strategic  Transport
infrastructure that is required to support  Water
the growth set out in the Plan.’ This  Energy
chapter in particular is also supported by  Telecommunications
the National Planning Policy Framework  Waste
(NPPF), which indicates that Local  Social Infrastructure
Planning authorities ‘should work with  Green Infrastructure
other authorities and providers to assess
the quality and capacity of transport, b) Identify for strategic infrastructure the
water supply, wastewater and its need to meet existing backlog and
treatment, energy (including heat), proposed growth by
telecommunications, utilities, health,  using data/research from GLA
social care, education flood risk and Group as well as from regulators,
coastal change management, and its infrastructure providers, sub-
ability to meet forecast demand regions and boroughs
(paragraph 162). Green infrastructure,  making transparent and realistic
which is also covered in this chapter, is assumptions about future
referred to separately in the NPPF and in efficiency savings, changes in
recognition of its climate change standards and behaviour
adaptation and its natural environment
role (see paragraphs 99 and 114 of the c) Identify infrastructure provision
NPPF). needed by 2031
 liaising with infrastructure
3.2 This chapter aims to provide more detail providers and sub-
on the strategic infrastructure required to regional/borough representatives
support the growth of London envisaged  prioritising and phasing them
in the London Plan (particularly housing).
Initially the focus is on a London-wide d) Identify infrastructure funding and
overview of infrastructure requirements. delivery for cost estimates (see
However, further work will be undertaken chapter 4 if non-specific) by
to look in more detail at Opportunity
 liaising with infrastructure
Areas, Areas of Intensification and other providers, sub-regional and
strategic areas in more detail. Strategic borough representatives
infrastructure is defined as infrastructure
 providing any costs available, e.g.
that is relevant across large parts of
unit costs, but highlight
London, provided on a network basis, or
assumptions
at least across boundaries, and is of a
 acknowledging uncertainties, risks
certain investment scale or where there
and barriers
is a known funding gap. This chapter
also has also the potential to support the
3.4 It has to be highlighted that the baseline
boroughs’ application of the Duty to
information for each type of
Cooperate introduced through the
infrastructure in line with the approach
Localism Act 2004.
set out above is still under development
and will improve over time with
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more/new information becoming 3.6 These trends will mean an increased

available. demand for infrastructure of all kinds in
Greater London; for that reason the
London Plan gives particular prominence
LONDON’S OVERALL to infrastructure planning through this
Implementation Plan that will provide a
INFRASTRUCTURE NEEDS sound framework for addressing the issue
at London-wide and more local levels.
3.5 In 2011 the Mayor made a high level
assessment of London’s overall need for
3.7 There are a number of source documents
infrastructure over the next twenty years,
for infrastructure needs in London
founded upon the projections about
including the National Infrastructure Plan
London’s future growth over the two
produced annually by HM Treasury and
decades to 2031 underpinning the
Infrastructure UK. Estimates of London’s
London Plan 7. These suggest that by
general infrastructure needs have also
2031:
been made by London First’s
Infrastructure Commission 8 and the Policy
 London’s population will be 8.82 Exchange. In addition, the Mayor’s
million – growth of 1.2 million over Transport Strategy looked at the likely
the period 2007-2031. By 2031, there need for transport investment beyond the
are also likely to be both more young TfL Business Plan 9 and work to inform
Londoners, and more older ones and preparation of this Implementation Plan
a 690,000 increase in the number of gives a high-level view on provision of
those of working age. Most recent strategic infrastructure.
population projections and the first
data from the 2011 Census suggest 3.8 There is no comprehensive and generally
rather more rapid population growth agreed definition of infrastructure. This is
than the London Plan. reflected in the fact that different
 This population growth is projected to assessments of London’s needs address
contribute to the formation of different forms of infrastructure. The
790,000 additional households. If London Plan (and this document) deals
total housing need from household with a range of different kinds of
growth is to be met, and the backlog infrastructure; London First gives a partial
of housing need addressed, there definition; the other documents mentioned
would need to be 34,900 additional above give a list of examples. These are
homes per annum. To meet this compared in Table 1, which shows that
additional need for housing, the the only common items are transport and
London Plan sets a target for flood defences.
provision of 322,100 additional
homes between 2011-2021. 3.9 One reason for the differences between
 As far as the economy is concerned, the approaches in these documents could
the Plan projections suggest an be that much of the economic
additional 776,000 jobs, with a infrastructure in the National
continued shift towards the service Infrastructure Plan is privately owned, but
sectors. It is likely that there will normally regulated, with investment the
continue to be particularly strong responsibility of the owners against the
employment growth in central and long-term customer funding. This is true
inner London. Most recent for energy, water and waste, and
projections suggest rather slower communications. Consequently these
jobs growth services would not normally need to be
8
London First, the Infrastructure Commission, World
class infrastructure for a world city, November 2010.
7 9
As part of the Mayoral CIL - Draft Charging Schedule, Mayor of London, the Mayor’s Transport Strategy,
August 2011 May 2010.
Page 15 of 112
funded through local authorities 10. The

lack of an agreed definition of
infrastructure makes attempting to assess
the infrastructure needed in London
difficult.
Table 1: Comparison of infrastructure

coverage
Source: Mayoral CIL – Draft Charging Schedule
National London First GLA Draft

Infrastruct CIL overview Infrastructure Implementa
ure Plan document Commission tion Plan
Transport Transport – Transport – Transport –
– road and road and rail road and rail road and rail
rail
Energy Energy Energy
Digital Telecoms Telecoms
communic
ation
Flood Flood Flood protection Flood
protection defences protection
Water and Water and Water and
waste sewerage, Waste
manageme waste
nt
Schools, Social
hospitals, infrastructure
health and
social care
facilities
Play areas, Green
parks and infrastructure
green
spaces,
cultural and
sports
facilities,
district
heating
schemes and
police
stations and
other
community
safety
facilities
10
The London First report contains a useful table
setting out the different ownerships and market
features/funding sources for different kinds of
infrastructure.
Page 16 of 112
3.10 The National Infrastructure Plan 2012 counted and funding sources are often
includes an infrastructure pipeline with not clearly identified. It will be necessary
over 550 projects/programmes worth to revisit borough data in the near future,
over £330 billion to 2015 and beyond. and the Mayor intends to work with
This is a UK wide figure and no regional boroughs and other stakeholders to find
breakdown is given, though there are ways to improve the presentation and
regional examples of infrastructure use of this information.
improvements. (Taking London as 15%
of the UK would give almost £50 billion). 3.13 All this said, these estimates are a
London First quotes a report by the think valuable basis for a “bottom-up”
tank Policy Exchange of £500 billion assessment of need to complement the
over the next decade for the UK as a “top-down” ones referred to earlier. For
whole, but do not provide a London this purpose, a number of assumptions
estimate. (Taking 15 per cent again, it have been made:
would be £75 billion). No breakdown or
prioritisation of investment need is made  The costs of transport schemes to be
by category of infrastructure in either funded predominantly by national
report. government, Transport for London or
Network Rail have been excluded.
3.11 The Mayor’s Transport Strategy These are included in the estimates
addresses costs and funding for given earlier, and more information
London’s transport system, including the about them will be given about these
national railway as well as the modes for later.
which the Mayor is responsible. It  Borough figures for education, health
quotes a figure of £4.8 billion a year for and leisure have been used as given,
the next five years and continuing although they often include
investment of £3.5 billion to £4.5 billion a assumptions about Government
year in the period up to 2031. funding which may no longer be valid
(because of the review of the Better
3.12 A further source of information about Schools for the Future programme,
London’s infrastructure needs is the core for example)
strategies and infrastructure delivery  Assumptions have been made about
plans drawn up by London borough funding of particular infrastructure
councils as part of their local (the Thames Tideway Tunnel being a
development frameworks. There are good example), which should be
limitations in using this information – not discounted.
all boroughs have assessed and
published their infrastructure On this basis, information from 24
requirements; those documents that boroughs has been used (over 70 per
have been produced have appeared at cent of the total).
different times and with different
assumptions about sources of potential 3.14 If this information is used to provide an
funding (before and after the results of average of borough estimates of need,
the 2010 Comprehensive Spending and this average is then used to provide
Review, for example). They look over a 33-borough estimate. This is shown in
different time periods, and often deal Table 2:
with widely differing types of
infrastructure (some focus on that for
which boroughs themselves have
responsibility, while others include that
provided by the Mayor and/or national
government). Infrastructure serving more
than one borough is sometimes double-
Page 17 of 112
Table 2: Borough-based estimates of of £75 billion may be a reasonable

infrastructure need (multi-year) medium-term one.
Type of 3.18 The second aspect of the issue is the
Estimate (£m)
infrastructure availability of resources. In 2010,
Transport 891 according to the Government’s Public
Education 4,851 Expenditure Statistical Analysis, capital
expenditure on transport in London by
Health 2,442 national and local government and public
Leisure 825 corporations in 2009-10 amounted to
£3.899 billion; with £1.56 billion for
Other 1,023
education and £882 million for health.
Total 10,032 Decisions on public spending are made
Source: Mayoral CIL – Draft Charging
on a three year basis, so it is not
Schedule possible to make a reliable estimate
across the whole period being
3.15 This estimate is generally in line with the considered. However, it is clear that in
details published by those London the short- to medium-term at least, public
boroughs which have published expenditure is likely to be constrained.
Community Infrastructure Levy Under the 2010 Spending Review,
proposals. Departmental Programme and
Administration Budgets are set to reduce
3.16 If these boroughs’ stated investment in real terms by 8.3% between 2010/11
needs are typical, then the total for all and 2014-15 (with reductions of 3.4 per
boroughs for the next five years would cent in Education, 21 per cent in
be in the £6 billion to £7.5 billion range. Transport, 51 per cent in Communities
This suggests that the £10 bn estimate and Local Government support for local
in paragraph 3.14 is a reasonable one. It authorities, and an increase of 1.3 per
also provides a basis for comparing total cent for Health). If capital expenditure is
borough needs with the strategic considered, the 2011 Budget announced
transport requirement of £24 billion. In that nationally, between 2010/11 and
both cases, Government will also have a 2015/16, education will see a £3.9 billion
role in supporting investment, whether in cut, health will see an increase of only
education or transport. It is recognised £100m and transport one of £400 million.
that grossing up from individual borough
figure has its limitations, and the Mayor 3.19 Across all these estimates, it is clear that
intends to keep the position under review transport infrastructure provided at
as more information becomes available national, London-wide and borough
as part of the London Plan levels is probably the largest single area
Implementation Plan process. (in terms of cost and investment) of
infrastructure that will be required.
3.17 In summary, it is possible to give an
overall assessment of London’s 3.20 Different forms of infrastructure are dealt
infrastructure needs by adding the with in more detail in the remainder of
borough figure of £10.032 billion and the this chapter. It illustrates that every type
£24bn estimate of required transport of strategic infrastructure requires a very
infrastructure to give an estimate of £34 different approach.
bn. If the longer-term estimates of
transport need are added (£56-72 billion
2015-2031), a total estimated figure of
£90-106 billion is obtained. Bearing in
mind that this figure covers a longer time
period than most of the estimates
considered here, the London First figure
Page 18 of 112
TRANSPORT 37 per cent over the same period. This

will require sustained investment in
public transport, walking and cycling, to
3.21 Information for transport infrastructure is
increase connectivity and capacity and
largely drawn from the Mayor’s
to improve attractiveness of these
Transport Strategy (MTS) 2010, the five
modes of travel.
Sub-regional Transport Plans prepared
by TfL, the boroughs and sub regional
3.25 In spite of committed improvements set
partnerships, the current TfL Business
out in the TfL Business Plan (to 2014/15)
Plan (to 2014/15), National Rail (NR)
and HLOS to 2014, crowding will remain
High Level Output Specification
on certain LU and NR lines 14 and on
(HLOS) 11 for Control Period 4 2009 to
certain radial corridors into London 15
2014 and TfL’s recent submission to
(Figures 1 and 2). Vehicle delay on the
Government for National Rail Control
road network, particularly in Inner
Period 5 2014 to 2019.
London and Outer London town centres,
is also forecast to increase 16 (Figure 3).
a) Strategic transport This has the potential to constrain
infrastructure growth and hinder delivery of the London
3.22 This includes routes and hubs of Plan.
international, national, regional and sub-
regional importance for passenger and
freight transport. Improvements to rail 12
services, bus services, river services,
cycling and walking, interchange, road
improvements and demand
management measures are considered
in numerous programmes being
undertaken by TfL, Network Rail and
other organisations.
b) Transport infrastructure need

3.23 Population and employment growth
projections that underpin the London
Plan would result in at least three million
more trips each day by 2031, from 24
million trips per day in 2007 to 27 million
trips per day in 2031.
3.24 To ensure this growth is accommodated

sustainably, the MTS 13 aims to increase
the mode share for public transport from
31 per cent to 34 per cent, cycling from 2
per cent to 5 per cent and walking from
24 per cent to 25 per cent, from 2006
levels by 2031. Conversely, it aims to
reduce the mode share of private
motorised transport from 43 per cent to
11
Government’s statement of the outputs it requires
from the National Rail network for the next five year
control period.
12 14
London Underground (LU), London Overground ibid, figure 20 (p 73) and figure 22 (p 75)
15
(LO), other National Rail (NR), DLR and Tramlink ibid, figure 32 (p121)
13 16
Mayor of London, The Mayor’s Transport Strategy, ibid, figure 26 (p85)
2010, figure 2 (page 36)
Page 19 of 112
Figure 1: Tube and DLR crowding, 2031
Source: MTS
Figure 2: Rail crowding, 2031
Source: MTS
Page 20 of 112
Figure 3: Highway congestion, average vehicle delay, 2031
Source: MTS
c) Transport infrastructure Thameslink upgrade (both due for

provision completion 2018-19) and the LU line
upgrades. These form the bulk of the
3.26 Table 6.1 of the London Plan 17 gives an MTS ‘reference case’ and will provide a
indicative list of transport schemes that substantial increase in rail capacity that
are needed to support projected growth is essential to accommodate short to
whilst meeting the Mayor’s wider medium term growth in London.
environmental, safety, quality of life and
accessibility objectives. Each scheme 3.28 Additional investment over and above
includes categories for costs (‘high’ committed schemes will be required. Key
category for schemes over £1 bn, schemes in the medium-longer term
medium for schemes between £100m include delivering a new north east to
and £1bn and low for schemes under south west rail link, also known as
£100m) and phasing (short term, before Crossrail 2, along an alignment similar to
2012, medium term, between 2013 and the safeguarded Chelsea-Hackney line
2020 and longer term, beyond 2020 to route, four tracking of the Lee Valley
2031). mainline, further train capacity increases
on key NR routes, development of key
3.27 The indicative list of schemes includes Strategic Interchanges, extensions to the
those that have funding committed in the Bakerloo and Northern lines, potential
TfL Business Plan and NR HLOS. extensions to the DLR and Tramlink
These schemes include Crossrail and networks, enhanced river crossings in
east London and continuation of
17
Alongside Mayor’s Transport Strategy, 2010, figure measures to better manage the road
86
Page 21 of 112
network, electric vehicle infrastructure Requirements of importance to other

provision, better streets, cycling and parts of London are set out in the
smarter travel programmes. The relevant sub-regional transport plans.
prioritisation of key schemes and
programmes for the longer term will be 3.32 Another aspect of London’s transport
subject to planning processes and infrastructure is its accessibility:
investigations of funding mechanisms Currently, approximately 40% of rail
and will be reflected in future updates of stations (including all Tram stops and
this Implementation Plan. DLR stations) within Greater London
offer step-free access between street
3.29 A new high speed line between London and platform. A number of major
and major cities in the Midlands and the improvements such as step-free access
North (HS2) is currently planned to be to platforms at Green Park, Clapham
open fully in the early 2030s; meeting Junction and Kings Cross St. Pancras
increasing passenger demand to and stations have been completed recently.
from its London terminus and any Approximately a further 50 stations have
intermediate stations is a challenge funding committed for provision of step-
which will need to be met by provision of free access, including 10 announced in
more public transport capacity. December 2011 through the Access for
All programme 18.
3.30 TfL is also beginning a major upgrade of
London’s roads which will start by d) Transport infrastructure funding
targeting congestion black-spots and and delivery
improving safety for all road users.
3.33 The 2010 Spending Review settlement
3.31 Sub-regional transport plans provide a
for TfL and Network Rail allows for
forum for discussing sub-regional
completion of essential short and
transport challenges and requirements.
medium term schemes such as
They are updated regularly. As an
Crossrail, Tube upgrades and
example the following list sets out
Thameslink upgrade. This level of
transport requirements of particular
investment is approximately £4.8 billion
importance to the East and South East
per year to 2018. A package of all
London:
currently proposed schemes beyond this
would require continuing annual
 Maximising the benefits of Crossrail investment of around £ 3.5bn to £ 4.5bn
including improving interchanges and 19
in the period to 2031. 20
access modes, e.g. to opportunity
areas, as well as consideration of 3.34 Inevitably, there is uncertainty over
different options for Crossrail 2 funding availability in the medium to long
 Stratford International – interchange term. Future levels of Government grant
between European and domestic will be dependent on the wider economic
services. As the plans for HS2 and political environment. Other main
progress, the proposed HS2-HS1 sources of funding, from fares revenue
connection should be designed to and borrowing are also influenced by
facilitate orbital high speed services wider economic factors. TfL’s latest draft
allowing connections between Business Plan for the period until 2020
Stratford and Old Oak Common, as
well as the regions 18
Further details are available in TfL, Taking forward
 Potential enhancements to the DLR the Mayor’s Transport Strategy Accessibility
network Implementation Plan, published March 2012, and the
 Additional river crossings in East MTS, including Figure 87 (Accessibility Implementation
London, to both enhance capacity Plan)
19
Further analysis is underway to determine precisely
and improve connectivity the scale of investment required.
20
Mayor of London, Mayor’s Transport Strategy, 2010,
p 315
Page 22 of 112
continues to address the key challenges WATER

facing London’s transport. TfL will
continue to work with the Department for 3.37 The information for water supply,
Transport and HM Treasury to making wastewater treatment and flood risk
the case for continued long-term management infrastructure is based on
investment in London’s transport key documents produced by the water
network to drive UK economic growth companies that serve London and the
and secure the best possible progress Environment Agency. Specific sources of
towards the outcomes set out in the information are referenced below.
MTS. The next Spending Review is due
in 2014.
WATER SUPPLY
3.35 The Chancellor’s Autumn Statement
2012 includes the news that Government a) Strategic water supply
has agreed a loan of up to £1bn that will infrastructure
allow the construction of an extension of
the Northern Line to the Battersea Power 3.38 The majority of London’s public water
Station site. Extending the Northern supply is abstracted from the rivers
Line is key to kick starting regeneration Thames and Lee and is stored in
of the Nine Elms area of south London, reservoirs located in west London and
which offers the significant potential for the Lee Valley. The rest of London's
new growth and development. It has also water is supplied from groundwater
been confirmed that the Government will sources. Thames Water's desalination
work with the Mayor’s Office and the plant at Beckton in East London can
London boroughs of Lambeth and provide additional water supply to
Wandsworth to create a zone in which around one million people per day in
the expected uplift in business rates, times of drought. Thames Water
alongside developer contributions, will supplies approximately 75 per cent of
enable the GLA to repay the London’s water. The other water
Government loan that funds the northern companies that supply London include
line extension. Sutton and East Surrey Water, Affinity
Water and Essex and Suffolk Water. The
3.36 Authorities are considering the use of water companies have a statutory duty
innovative funding mechanisms for major to develop and maintain efficient and
transport projects. As indicated in economical water supply systems. They
London Plan Policy 6.5, the Mayor has are responsible for managing the water
brought forward a charging schedule in supply network including the reservoirs,
accordance with the Community boreholes, pipes and water treatment
Infrastructure Levy (CIL) Regulations works which make up London’s water
2010 to enable him to use the CIL to supply infrastructure.
fund strategically important infrastructure
- initially for Crossrail. He started b) Water supply infrastructure
charging CIL in April 2012. need
3.39 We are facing increasing pressure on

water resources. London and the South
East have been classified as areas
under serious water stress 21. High
21
Environment Agency, Water for people and the
environment - water resources strategy for England and
Wales, 2009: http://publications.environment-
agency.gov.uk/PDF/GEHO0309BPKX-E-E.pdf. Note:
an update to the water stress methodology was under
consultation at the time of writing.
Page 23 of 112
population density combined with limited around 270 mega litres a day by 2031 23.
resources means that we need to This compares to an anticipated demand
carefully manage and plan the water of around 2500 mega litres a day before
resources in London. Water demand in any demand and leakage savings that
London is higher than the average for companies are able to make. The
England and Wales. During 2011/12 anticipated deficit figure includes definite
each Londoner used on average of 164 and likely sustainability reductions, but
litres of water a day compared to the reductions that are yet unknown are not
average of 145 litres per person per day included and could substantially add to
for England and Wales. this figure..
3.40 Due to climate change and requirements 3.42 Figure 4 shows the supply-demand
from legislation such as the Water balance in 2012 based on the current
Framework Directive there is currently WRMPs (2010-2035). Currently there is
some uncertainty over the amount of a small deficit in Sutton and East
water that will be available to supply Surrey’s East Surrey Water Resource
London in the future. Where water Zone (WRZ) and a larger deficit in the
abstraction may be causing Essex WRZ of Essex and Suffolk Water.
environmental damage it may be This means that customers face a
necessary to reduce or revoke a water greater chance of water restrictions in a
abstraction licence to protect the dry year.
environment. These cases are known as
sustainability reductions. Where
investigations have shown sustainability
reductions to be likely, the Environment
Agency has informed the water
companies and these reductions have
been included in the draft Water
Resources Management Plans
(WRMPs) for the period 2015-2040
which are under development.
3.41 Water companies have a duty to

maintain a secure water supply. Every
five years water companies produce
WRMPs which set out the current water
supply-demand balance and proposed
measures to address any supply
demand deficit. These measures include
specific resource development schemes
and demand management actions. The
WRMPs use population projections to
make sure that future proposed growth
in London is planned for. These plans
are needed because if no action was
taken to either increase supply or
manage demand, the water companies
supplying London would need to
manage a potential cumulative deficit of
23
Calculated from indicative Statements of Need
published on water company websites in advance of
consultation on new draft Water Resource Management
Plans (WRMPs) in early 2013.
Page 24 of 112
Figure 4: Water resources surplus – deficit forecasts
Source: Environment Agency
c) Water supply infrastructure capacity of the reservoir’s treatment

provision works at peak periods, by 5 Ml/d in
2012-13 and by a further 20 Ml/d in
3.43 The Government has an aspiration to 2017-18 (reflected in Figure 5). Further
reduce water consumption to 130 l/h/d detail about the company’s preferred
by 2030 for existing homes.. To achieve programme for London can be found in
a significant change in demand for water Sutton and East Surrey Water’s final
will require a change in people’s WRMP. 22
behaviour and involvement of multiple
stakeholders. Water efficient new homes
will drive down consumption, as will
metering of existing homes and
retrofitting of water efficient devices, for
example, through the RE:NEW
programme.
3.44 Thames Water’s preferred programme of

options to ensure security of supply in
London includes a variety of both
demand management and supply
schemes (see Table 3).
3.45 Sutton and East Surrey Water is

planning improvements to its Bough
Beech Reservoir which, although located
outside London, supports south
London’s water supply needs in a dry 22
year. The company is set to increase the Sutton and East Surrey Water’s final WRMP 2010:
http://www.waterplc.com/userfiles/file/Final_WRMP.pdf
Page 25 of 112
Table 3: Thames Water’s programme for London (2010 to 2035)

Programme Short term (2010- Medium term Long term (2020-
2015) (2015-2020) 2035)
Leakage 1,000km of mains 2,000km of mains
reduction 23 replacement replacement
Pressure Pressure
management management
Network Network
reconfiguration reconfiguration
Active leakage Active leakage
control control
Metering5 Compulsory targeted Compulsory targeted Compulsory targeted
metering to achieve metering to achieve metering to achieve
40% meter 60% meter 77% meter
penetration penetration penetration by 2025
for the London
Resource Zone
Water efficiency Enhanced water Enhanced water Enhanced water
efficiency efficiency efficiency
programme programme programme.
Resource Artificial Recharge,
development Kidbrooke (2020/21)
and South London
(SLARS) (2026/27)
Aquifer Storage and
Recovery, South
East London
(2021/22)
and Darent Valley
(2022 to 2026)
East Croydon and
Southwark
groundwater
resources (2028/29)
Hogsmill STW reuse
(2029/30
Deephams STW
reuse (2031/32)
Source: Thames Water, final WRMP(2010 – 2035)
23
The AMP5 leakage reduction and metering programmes listed above are currently proceeding at a reduced rate as
they have not to date received funding from OFWAT.
Page 26 of 112
3.47 Essex and Suffolk Water’s Essex WRZ completion in 2013 (the additional
supplies water to north east London resources provided will result in a
including Dagenham, this zone is surplus to 2026 and beyond, as shown in
currently in deficit. The company is Figure 5). An overview of the preferred
currently addressing this through the programme is provided as Table 4.
Abberton scheme, which is due for
Table 4: Essex and Suffolk Water’s preferred programme for London (2010 to 2035)
Programme Short term (2010- Medium term (2015- Long term (2020-
2015) 2020) 2035)
Essex and Suffolk Water (Essex WRZ)
Leakage 200km of mains 200km of mains
reduction replacement. replacement
Replacement of Replacement of 2,000
2,000 common common supply pipes
supply pipes in in Dagenham
Dagenham
Pressure Pressure
management management
Active leakage Active leakage control
control
Metering Change of occupier Compulsory metering
metering to achieve to achieve 81% meter
60% meter penetration for 2020
penetration and 89% for 2025)
Water Enhanced water Enhanced water Enhanced water
efficiency efficiency efficiency programme efficiency
programme programme.
Resource Abberton Scheme, None needed Possible need for
development increases water new water resource.
available by 64Ml/d.
Source: Essex and Suffolk Water, Final WRMP
3.48 Figure 5 below shows the supply- companies plan to manage supply and
demand balance in 2026, which takes demand highlighted above.
into account population growth
projections and the options water
Page 27 of 112
Figure 5: Water resources surplus – deficit forecasts
d) Water supply infrastructure WASTEWATER TREATMENT

funding and delivery
3.49 In parallel with their WRMPs, water a) Strategic wastewater
companies are required to produce infrastructure
business plans that set out how they will 3.50 Thames Water is the sole sewerage
fund the first five years of their plan. The undertaker for London. It is responsible
funding for investment in water supply for managing the sewage treatment
infrastructure is raised through charges works (STW) and the sewerage network
to water company customers. The price e.g. the pipes and pumping stations
that the companies can charge is which make up London’s wastewater
regulated by the Water Services infrastructure. Much of central London
Regulation Authority (Ofwat) through the has a combined drainage system, which
five-yearly business planning process 24. carries both surface and wastewater.
London’s sewage is treated at eight
major STW - Beckton, Crossness,
Mogden, Riverside and Long Reach that
discharge effluent to the tidal River
Thames and Hogsmill, Beddington and
Deephams that discharge into
freshwater tributaries of the Thames.
24
Thames Water’s Investment programme from 2010-
2015
http://www.thameswater.co.uk/cps/rde/xbcr/corp/our-
plans-for-2010-2015.pdf
Page 28 of 112
b) Wastewater infrastructure need increase in the frequency of pollution

incidents.
3.51 Wastewater infrastructure is essential to
sustain urban life. The Urban Waste 3.52 The quality of London’s water bodies
Water Treatment Directive (UWWTD) must be improved if they are to meet the
requires that urban waste water should
requirements of the European Water
be properly collected and treated. In
Framework Directive (WFD). None of
October 2012, a European Court of
London’s rivers are currently meeting
Justice judgement ruled in favour of the
good ecological status (see Figure 6). It
European Commission in a case brought is essential that strategic wastewater
against the UK Government that infrastructure is planned and provided in
London’s combined drainage system
a timely way to support existing and new
does not meet the obligations under this
development to maintain and improve
Directive. In some locations, as little as
water quality in London. There can be
2mm of rainfall can result in discharges severe consequences for the health of
of storm sewage to the Thames the aquatic environments upon which we
Tideway, with discharges occurring 50-
depend for safe drinking water,
60 times in a typical year. It is estimated
recreation, and wildlife if wastewater
that 39 million cubic metres of storm
infrastructure provision does not keep
sewage is discharged to the river in a pace with development. The
typical year, from the combined sewer Environment Agency’s ‘London
overflows (CSOs) and the tideway
Environmental Infrastructure Needs: A
sewage treatment works (STW). This
Strategic Study’ (LEINS), gives further
could rise to 70 cubic metres per year by
evidence on the need for planning of
2020 unless significant improvements
strategic wastewater infrastructure.
are implemented 25, but by 2015 this
figure should reduce to some 18 million
cubic metres due to the construction of
the Lee Tunnel. These discharges can
have a significant adverse effect on
dissolved oxygen levels, the ecology of
the river and may impact on the health of
river users 26. The need for strategic
wastewater infrastructure to address
these issues – in combination with the
promotion of sustainable drainage (see
also paragraph 3.67) is given in Thames
Water’s ‘Thames Tunnel Needs
Report’ 27 and the ‘Thames Tideway
Strategic Study’ 28. On a more local scale
if sewers are not maintained and
upgraded to support growth this can
result in CSOs operating in a way that
causes environmental harm and an
25
http://www.thameswater.co.uk/cps/rde/xbcr/corp/londo
n-tideway-improvements-the-case-for-the-thames-
tunnel.pdf
26
Environment Agency, State of the Environment for
London Report, June 2011:
http://data.london.gov.uk/documents/SOE-2011-
report.pdf
27
http://files.thamestunnelconsultation.co.uk/files/thame
stunnel/1-100-RG-PNC-00000-
900007%20Needs%20Report.pdf
28
http://www.thamestunnelconsultation.co.uk/consultatio
n-documents.aspx
Page 29 of 112
Figure 6: Ecological status/potential of river water bodies in Greater London under

WFD
b) Wastewater infrastructure pumping station, which is currently

provision the largest single source of storm
sewage to the river. This too is
3.53 The London Tideway Improvement under construction and is expected
Programme will help address the issues to be completed in 2015;
highlighted above and consists of three  The Thames Tideway Tunnel has
components: been the subject of extensive
consultation and engagement and
 Upgrades and/or capacity development consent will be sought
extensions to Crossness, Beckton, early in 2013. The Environment
Mogden, Long Reach and Riverside Agency evaluated 57 CSOs and
STW. These upgrades, which are identified 36 of these as
currently under construction, will unsatisfactory, of which 34 require
improve the quality of the effluent control through the Thames
and increase the amount of sewage Tideway Tunnel project. Of the
the sites can treat, so reducing the remaining two CSOs, one is being
frequency and size of storm controlled by the Lee Tunnel, and
discharges to the river. The one by a separate project at Wick
upgrades are due to be completed Lane. It should be completed by
in 2014 and should largely 2023 and will help to ensure that the
accommodate population growth Beckton and Crossness sewerage
until 2021; systems can provide flexibility and
 The Lee Tunnel, which together capacity for London's growing
with the extensions to the Beckton population.
STW, will largely eliminate the
overflows from the Abbey Mills
Page 30 of 112
3.54 As part of its Business Plan for 2010- sewage treatment works and to
2015 (AMP5) Thames Water is construct the Lee Tunnel. The cost of
developing and implementing a the Thames Tideway Tunnel is
proposal for a major upgrade of currently expected to be £4.1 billion, but
Deephams STW to provide sufficient the precise figure depends on a number
capacity to accommodate growth up of external factors. The upgrade to
to 2026. This project will not be Deephams STW is expected to cost
completed until the 2015-2020 period several hundred million pounds. There
(AMP6). The Deephams STW upgrade may also need to be additional
as well as the Thames Tideway Tunnel investment in local sewers and sewage
are specifically referred to in the treatment works to accommodate
National Planning Statement on Waste growth up to 2031. The Environment
Water, which was published in March Agency’s London Environmental
2012. Infrastructure Needs: A Strategic Study’
(LEINS) report estimated that an
3.55 To support the proposed housing additional £335 million may need to be
growth in London beyond 2021, invested in London’s sewage treatment
Thames Water may have to increase its works over this period to prevent
overall sewage treatment capacity to deterioration in water status and that
cope with an increased population of further investment will be needed to
around 740,000 by 2031 29. Some of improve London’s water quality.
London’s smaller treatment works,
away from the Thames Tideway, may 3.57 In reality, the cost of managing water
require some extra capacity before quality is expected to be even higher,
2021. Future provision after 2021 will as there are other costs that are not
be identified and planned for by included in the above figures. The
Thames Water through their future additional costs may include future
business plans. investment driven by measures in the
Thames River Basin Management Plan,
c) Wastewater infrastructure sewer network improvements, sewer
funding and delivery flood alleviation schemes, sewage
treatment work expansions to cope with
3.56 The funding for investment in greater effluent volume and
wastewater infrastructure is raised improvements to sewage sludge
through charges to water company disposal.
customers. Thames Water will seek
approval from the Water Services
Regulation Authority (OFWAT) to invest
in strategic growth schemes through FLOOD RISK MANAGEMENT
the five-yearly periodic review of water INFRASTRUCTURE
company prices 30. The next periodic
review will be in 2014. Under recent a) Strategic flood risk
changes to the periodic review process, management infrastructure
water companies have established new
3.58 London is at risk from flooding from a
Customer Challenge Groups (CCG),
number of sources including tidal,
which are consulted on business plan
fluvial, groundwater, surface water and
options. In the period 2010-2015,
sewer flooding. The Environment
Thames Water expects to invest some
Agency has a strategic overview role
£1.3 billion to upgrade five of London’s
for all forms of flooding, and an
operational role to manage flood risk
from rivers and the sea 31. Lead Local
29
Environment Agency, London Environmental
Infrastructure Needs: A Strategic Study (LEINS), 2010. Flood Authorities lead on the local
30
Thames Water’s Investment programme from 2010-
2015
31
http://www.thameswater.co.uk/cps/rde/xbcr/corp/our- Flood and Water Management Act 2010
plans-for-2010-2015.pdf http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2010/29/contents
Page 31 of 112
management of flooding from surface flooding due to the presence flood

water, ordinary watercourses and defences (Figure 7), such as the
groundwater. In London this role falls to Thames Barrier. Many homes and
the London boroughs. businesses that would otherwise be at
risk of flooding benefit from these
3.59 The Environment Agency has published
defences. The probability of flooding is
the Thames Catchment Flood
expected to increase into the future due
Management Plan (CFMP) 32, which
to climate change, with potentially high
sets out options for flood risk
consequences for undefended areas of
management within the non-tidal
the city.
Thames catchment. The final flood risk
management plan for the Thames
3.62 London’s greatest risk of flooding
Estuary, TE2100 33 was published in
comes from the River Thames. Much of
November 2012 following Government
London’s flood management efforts and
approval. The London boroughs are
resources are allocated to protecting
working together on the Drain London
the city from tidal flooding. As a result,
Forum to carry out their new role in
London benefits from a very high
understanding and managing flood risk
degree of protection against tidal
from surface water, ordinary
flooding i.e. it has less than a 0.1 per
watercourses and groundwater. Each
cent chance of tidal flooding in any
borough now has a Preliminary Flood
given year.
Risk Assessment, a Strategic Flood
Risk Assessment and a Surface Water
3.63 The Thames Barrier forms part of the
Management Plan.
tidal defences in London. It has been
3.60 The Regional Flood Risk Appraisal 34 raised over 100 times since it became
shows major development areas at risk operational in 1982. Just over two thirds
and illustrates how a wide range of of these have been since 2000. Climate
important utilities/services are affected change is altering the nature of our
by flood risk. It will be important to weather. This means that the number of
ensure that flood risk is suitably times the Thames Barrier is raised, to
managed for assets so that services will protect London from high tides and
continue to be provided under flood storm surges in the Thames Estuary
conditions. Its recommendations reflect and high river flows from the tributaries,
some necessary prioritisation of will increase as sea levels rise and the
actions. intensity and frequency of storms
increase.
b) Flood risk management
infrastructure need 3.64 In terms of fluvial flooding, none of the
River Thames tributaries enjoy the
3.61 There are approximately 536,000 same high level of protection and some
properties in areas at risk of flooding are completely undefended. The
from rivers and the sea in London. Of Thames Catchment Flood Risk
these 30,000 (6%) are in areas with a Management Plan (CFMP) sets out
significant risk of flooding 35, while 87% short, medium and long term strategies
are in areas with a low likelihood of and actions required to manage flood
risk on fluvial rivers in London.
32
Thames CFMP http://www.environment-
agency.gov.uk/research/planning/127387.aspx
33
TE2100 consultation http://www.environment-
agency.gov.uk/research/library/consultations/106100.as
px
34
http://static.london.gov.uk/mayor/strategies/sds/docs/r
egional-flood-risk09.pdf
35
Defined as having a greater than 1 in 75 chance of
flooding each year by the National Flood Risk
Assessment (NaFRA).
Page 32 of 112
Figure 7: The occurrence of Flood Zones across Greater London (areas benefiting
from flood defences are also shown)
3.65 We have a good understanding of flood storage and drainage measures to

flooding from rivers and tidal sources. mitigate surface water flood risk.
With the production of the Surface Water
Management Plans for each borough, c) Flood risk management
surface water and groundwater flooding infrastructure provision
is becoming better understood.
Boroughs are now starting to investigate 3.66 The most sustainable way of managing
the higher risk areas identified in the fluvial and tidal flood risk, particularly for
Surface Water Management Plans. The new development, is to locate it in areas
Drain London project is continuing to of lowest flood risk. However, where this
support boroughs in this role. The is not possible other ways to protect
Surface Water Management Plans will people and property from flooding need
represent key evidence for Local Flood to be found.
Risk Management Strategies which
London Boroughs have a duty to 3.67 Technical and economic constraints to
produce under the Flood and Water further reductions in flood risk in London,
Management Act 2010. Drain London is as well as changes to funding
currently implementing a £1.5 million mechanisms and flood risk management
programme of demonstration and practices mean reliance on “hard” flood
investigation projects including defences may not be viable in the future,
Community Flood Plans, green roofs, meaning that flood risk improvements
may need to be achieved through other
Page 33 of 112
means. In addition, the amount of spend on Environment Agency flood risk

development along the edge of management schemes in London is
watercourses means that options for expected to reach £14m this financial
structural solutions are limited in large year, with the majority of spend on the
parts of London. Thames Estuary. In addition, £3m of
local levy funding has been confirmed for
3.68 The Thames CFMP identifies projects in London for this financial year.
redevelopment as a key mechanism for Over the next ten years, the
managing flood risk in London. Many Environment Agency expects to spend
sites currently at risk of flooding will be about £300 million on maintaining and
redeveloped. Improving the layout and replacing the tidal defences along the
design of these redeveloped sites Thames Estuary.
provides a crucial opportunity to keep
people safe and reduce flood risk to 3.72 In May 2011, the Department for the
surrounding communities. Environment Food and Rural Affairs
(Defra) announced a new approach to
3.69 The Thames Estuary 2100 (TE2100) 36 funding flood risk management called
plan sets out actions for ensuring that ‘Flood and Coastal Resilience
London remains protected from tidal Partnership Funding’. The new approach
flooding for the next century. Within the has allowed a wider range of schemes to
period covered by the London Plan, be eligible for part funding from central
actions focus on the maintenance of and government, with more funding in the
improvements to the tidal defence form of contributions from beneficiaries
network. The TE2100 plan shows that e.g. communities and developers. There
the Thames Barrier will continue to is also a greater emphasis on funding for
provide a high level of protection until flood risk management schemes where
around 2070. the benefits are wider than flood risk
management, including improvements in
3.70 The Environment Agency’s Programme deprived areas and biodiversity benefits.
for Flood and Coastal Risk Management It is likely that most tidal schemes in
Schemes sets out the expected work central London currently proposed by the
programme to 2015/16. However, only Environment Agency will qualify for full
works for this financial year have been flood defence grant in aid. However,
confirmed. For 2013/14, projects within smaller schemes, including community-
London include major works within the led initiatives and measures proposed to
Thames Estuary and works on the address surface water flood risk, may
Salmons Brook which are expected to require more of a split between flood
benefit nearly 4,000 properties. defence grant in aid and other funding.
d) Flood risk management

infrastructure funding and delivery
3.71 The Environment Agency anticipates
committing £25m of spend on
maintaining and replacing the tidal
defences along the Thames Estuary
within the next financial year 2013/14,
with spend over the next five years
expected to reach £40m 37. Overall
36
http://environment-
agency.gov.uk/research/library/consultations/106100.as
px
37
Environment Agency’s Programme for Flood and http://www.environment-
Coastal Risk Management Schemes (South East) agency.gov.uk/research/planning/118129.aspx
Page 34 of 112
ENERGY supplying London, which generally

operate at lower pressure and to which
3.73 Information for energy infrastructure is the majority of consumers are
initially largely based on initial connected 40. Other key infrastructure
engagement with key energy companies includes the local transmission network
(UK Power Networks (UKPN) and and low pressure gasholders.
National Grid). In addition, the Mayor’s
Climate Change Mitigation and Energy 3.77 In terms of energy generation there are
Strategy (Delivering London’s Energy some power stations in London, which
Future), which commits London to are directly connected to National Grid’s
providing 25 % of its energy need high-voltage transmission network. At
through decentralised energy sources by present National Grid is not aware of any
2025, signals a shift in the traditional proposals to construct any additional
provision and consumption patterns. direct connection power stations in
London. However, in the light of CO2
a) Strategic energy infrastructure reduction targets and a range of
3.74 This includes both the distribution challenges and uncertainty surrounding
networks and the transmission the UK’s electricity supply, decentralised
infrastructure between the energy energy opportunities, feeding into the
generation and the Distribution Network DNO’s lower-voltage networks such as
Operators (DNOs) (in London: UKPN large-scale heat networks, Combined
and Scottish & Southern Energy Power Heat and Power (CHP) plants and
Distribution (SSEPD) for electricity and microgeneration such as photovoltaics
National Grid Gas and Southern Gas on individual buildings are rapidly
Networks 38 for gas). Figure 8 provides a gaining importance 41, as well as energy
wider overview of the from waste plants. The Mayor's Climate
companies/organisations currently Change and Energy Strategy and the
involved in the energy market. London Decentralised Energy Capacity
Study sets out how decentralised energy
3.75 For electricity National Grid owns and can and will be delivered across London.
operates the high-voltage 39 electricity
transmission system in England and b) Energy infrastructure need
Wales. Key transmission infrastructure 3.78 The London Energy and Greenhouse
includes the high-voltage power Gas Inventory (LEGGI) provides data for
lines/cables (which are either installed as greenhouse gas emissions and energy
overhead lines, in the ground with other consumption for London. According to
utilities or in deep tunnels constructed LEGGI greenhouse gas emissions
specifically for that purpose) and the generally increased during the 1990s
substations that reduce the voltage for followed by a stabilisation with significant
further distribution by the DNOs. The drops in 2004 and 2008. Into the future
DNOs develop and maintain their the Mayor supports a reduction in energy
network of cables and substations at demand through a range of energy
voltages from 132 kV to 230 volts efficiency initiatives including retrofitting
including the connections to the end and a decentralised energy
users. programme. 42
3.76 For gas National Grid owns and .

operates the high-pressure National
Transmission System (NTS), which
transports gas from terminals to Local
40
Distribution Zones (LDZ), including those The majority of customers are supplied from a below
7 bar distribution network.
41
Mayor of London, Delivering London’s Energy Future,
38
South of the River Thames excluding the Battersea October 2011, p. 78-81
42
to Lambeth area. Mayor of London, Delivering London’s Energy Future,
39
Upgrade to 400 kV currently underway. October 2011
Page 35 of 112
Figure 8: The energy market
Source: GLA
Page 36 of 112
3.79 However, electricity demand is – after a the above factors, particularly during
temporary decrease during the economic periods of severely cold weather 44.
downturn - forecast to return to a long-
run average increase of 1 to 4 % per 3.81 National Grid and Southern Gas also
year 43 in the medium term, and with facilitate the increasing entry of
sustained levels of population and renewable gas into the grid. Renewable
business growth the spare electricity gas is expected to become more
capacity in London’s 11 kV network is important in the future and is a way of
significantly diminishing. In particular in de-carbonising the gas grid. The
Central London and in Opportunity Areas Government is introducing a Renewable
such as Vauxhall, Nine Elms, Battersea Heat Incentive that is intended to assist
(VNEB), developers and businesses are in the development of the renewable gas
concerned about electricity infrastructure industry. As a result of the predicted
provision, and some development is at stabilisation in peak day demand no
least held up by negotiations to agree major ‘general’ reinforcement works are
necessary reinforcements to the currently expected within the LDZ.
distribution network. In the City, there However, local reinforcement may be
has also been a significant increase in required as part of future mains
demand for capacities exceeding 5 MW replacement strategies and to provide
to meet a particularly high IT use, and gas to new developments such as
UK Power Networks are constructing a Opportunity Areas, for example to serve
new 33 kV distribution network to meet their energy centres and associated gas-
these demands. It is expected that fired CHPs.
through engagement with National Grid,
UKPN and SSEPD a comprehensive 3.82 Much of National Grids North London’s
and spatial overview of areas with old metallic gas mains have now been
potential future capacity shortfalls (if no replaced, with over 60% of all mains in
new substations are provided) is the city now polyethylene. Although the
included in the next version of this current replacement programme is
document. currently under review with the HSE,
replacement of the old metallic mains will
3.80 Gas is currently the most significant continue, In Outer London the focus will
source of energy in the UK; excluding be on replacing significant lengths of
the transport sector it provides the smaller low pressure pipes however the
majority of the energy used in London, city centre has a high proportion of very
directly or by fuelling electricity large diameter old Victorian medium
generators. National Grid’s 2011 gas pressure mains and any future
consumption forecast indicates that total replacement of these will require careful
annual gas demand will decrease by 7.6 planning and close engagement with
% by 2020, with gas usage in North other service providers and stakeholders
London expected to drop from 57 TWh in to ensure opportunities and synergies
2011 to 53 TWh by 2020. A number of are fully explored.
factors are contributing to this decline
including the anticipated state of the 3.83 There are around a dozen active low-
economy, affordability and increased pressure gasholder sites in London. It is
utilisation efficiency and new likely that all of these will be
technologies such as Smart Metering. decommissioned during this decade
Peak day demand is expected to remain resulting in brownfield land being
relatively stable or experience a modest released for development. The Mayor is
reduction, as this is less influenced by considering the preparation of planning
guidance for hazardous installations in
2013 that will also cover gas holders.
43
Increase in electrical appliances in
households/businesses, also potential increasing need
44
for cooling in summer due to climate change National Grid, UK Future Energy Scenarios, 2011
Page 37 of 112
3.84 An additional national challenge from the design of National Grid’s substations
Transmission and Distribution depends on the location and specific
Companies’ perspective will be the less requirements but a gas insulated
predictable and less controllable nature substation can typically occupy an area
of some of the renewable sources of up to 250m x100m with a height of
across the UK such as large-scale wind below 15 m.
power45 and how the network can
accommodate such additional 3.87 UK Power Networks plans to invest in
generation. However, these issues have electricity distribution infrastructure in
to be addressed to facilitate the London spending approx. £600m in the
implementation of the Mayor’s five year regulatory period to March
decentralised energy target. 2015. This investment involves
establishing a number of new main
3.85 Whilst different from infrastructure needs substations where electricity is
addressed above, the infrastructure transformed from 132 kV to 11 kV, and
opportunities of decentralised energy this, in turn requires the installation of
provision in particular through medium new 132 kV cables. Such substations,
and large-scale heat networks fed which typically require a footprint in
initially by CHP generation and sources excess of 1000m2 and a minimum
of waste heat should be highlighted. The headroom of 10m, require a construction
largest renewables opportunity within period of about two years although this
London is in the wide-scale deployment may increase for a complex site. UKPN
of small ad medium-scale renewable is also developing a new 33 kV network
heat and power technologies, particular to supply new loads greater than 5MVA
photovoltaics. It is projected that in the vicinity of the City. It is often not
renewables could supply more than possible to install 132 kV cables using
10,000 GWh of energy or 12 % of “open cut” techniques, and hence UKPN
London’s total energy supply and is currently constructing a deep tunnel
decentralised energy as a whole in from New Cross to The City. This forms
excess of 25% of London’s energy part of an overall reinforcement strategy
needs. However, there are a range of and will increase both capacity and
barriers to the realisation of the resilience in The City. UKPN has
decentralised energy opportunities recently completed a major project to
including barriers to investment in heat install six new transformers and
and electricity infrastructure and the associated switchgear at Bankside
regulatory framework. 46 substation, and is currently constructing
new 132 kV/11 kV substations at Osborn
c) Energy infrastructure provision Street and Limeburner Lane, as well as
uprating Moreton Street substation in
3.86 National Grid’s London Cable Tunnels
Pimlico to 132 kV. It is expected that
programme worth approximately £ 1 bn
further details about infrastructure
is underway. Its Phase 1 (completion by investments plans covering the next
2015) will provide a new tunnel route Business Plan period 2015 to 2023 will
from Willesden to Hackney and from
be included in the next version of this
Wimbledon to Kensal Green. At the latter
document, which will also include details
and at Finsbury Park new substations
relating to the Scottish and Southern
will be built subsequently for the
Energy Power Distribution network in
purposes, respectively, of providing west London.
traction supplies to the Crossrail project
and to support current and forecasted
3.88 In respect of gas, the following maps
demand in Central London. The size and
(Figures 9 and 10) show National Grid’s
45
and Southern Gas’ main Local
National Grid Transmission, RIIO-T1 Business Plan, Distribution System (brown/green) and
July 2011
46
the offtakes from the National
October 2011, p. 82-84 Transmission Systems.
Page 38 of 112
Figure 9: National Grid’s North Thames Local Distribution Zone
Source: National Grid, Long Term Development Plan
Figure 10: Southern Gas’ South East Local Distribution Zone (extract)
Source: Southern Gas, Long Term Development Statement
Page 39 of 112
3.89 It is expected that the information about the Mayor’s target is in the order of £ 5 –
specific significant investment schemes £ 7 billion over the next 15 years. 48
included in National Grid’s and Southern
Gas’ Business Plans that have been d) Energy infrastructure funding
submitted to the regulator Ofgem will be and delivery
included in the next version of this
document 47. 3.92 Funding for investment in the electricity
and gas infrastructure is raised through
3.90 To achieve the Mayor’s decentralised transportation and new connection
energy target the development of charges, which are paid to the network
decentralised heating and cooling operators for transmission through the
networks as well as large-scale heat and networks. The price that the companies
electricity transmission networks is can charge is regulated by Ofgem. They
essential. The London Heat Map helps set the maximum amount of revenue
to identify key locations for decentralised which the operators can take through
energy opportunities. A number of charges they levy on users of their
potential heat networks have been networks to cover their costs and earn
identified and mapped out, together with them a return in line with agreed
their potential heat sources and sources expectations. Ofgem’s upcoming price
of heat demand and these include in control reviews reflect the a new
particular the Opportunity Areas. A regulatory framework (the so-called RIIO
number of CHP plants have already model 49) which is intended to put more
been identified and policy drivers emphasis on incentives to drive the
promote them, in particular for major innovation needed to deliver a
developments. These are the following sustainable energy network at value for
CHP-led district energy schemes: money to existing and future consumers.
Olympic Park and Stratford City, Citigen, It also highlights greater opportunities to
the Pimlico District Heating Undertaking influence Ofgem and network company
(PDHU), Barkantine Heat and Power, decision-making. 50
Whitehall District Heating Scheme, the
Bunhill Energy Centre, King’s Cross 3.93 National Grid has submitted revised draft
Central and the University College Electricity and Gas Transmission RIIO-
London and Bloomsbury CHP. T1 Business Plans for 2013 – 2021 to
Ofgem in spring 2012. Demand
3.91 The Mayor’s Decentralised Energy forecasts from the DNOs have been
Programme Delivery Unit (DEPDU) taken into account. For electricity the
provides services to help others develop plan set out National Grid’s strategy for
and bring to market their decentralised infrastructure modernisation and new
energy schemes. The Mayor contributes connections and includes expenditure of
to the delivery of exemplar decentralised £ 21.9 bn (nominal) between 2013 and
energy projects such as the London 2021. Over the £14bn capital
Thames Gateway Heat Network or the expenditure programme roughly 60 %
Upper Lee Valley Energy Network, which will be spent on new connections and 40
are geared towards unlocking barriers to % on replacing existing assets largely
investment by the private sector. The built in the 1950s/1960s (above figures
cost of infrastructure for such large-scale are national). For gas there will be the
projects tends to exceed £ 100 million. need to connect new and expanding
The total investment required to achieve
48
Mayor of London, Delivering London’s Energy
Future, October 2011, p. 99
47 49
National Grid, Gas Distribution Business Plan Revenue = Incentives + Innovation + Output
50
submission for 2013 – 2021, Nov 2011, can be view at: Ofgem, RIIO: A new way to regulate energy
http://www.talkingnetworksngd.com/ networks, October 2010
Page 40 of 112
sources of gas (e.g bio-gas from forward planning orientated distribution

waste 51) and provide new gas offtakes. of costs and risk. He and the boroughs
may also consider using the planning
3.94 For gas distribution National Grid and system (including the use of CIL and
Southern Gas have submitted their section 106 as appropriate) to fund and
revised draft RIIO-GD1 Business Plans enable energy networks and renewable
to Ofgem in spring 2012. National Grid’s energy technologies and infrastructure.
submission amounts to £ 13.6 bn There is further potential for funding
(nominal) over the next eight years on its through Allowable Solutions 52 as part of
four gas distribution networks. the requirements for new development to
be zero carbon – residential 2016 and
3.95 For electricity distribution the current non-residential 2019.
price review period goes until 2015 and
the formal preparation for the following 3.98 The following specific issue illustrates
period (RIIO-ED1) from 2015 to 2023 is the Mayor’s concerns further: A new
well underway. UKPN is engaging with distribution substation may cost a DNO
customers and stakeholders on the approx £ 15 million, and costs would
requirements for their RIIO-ED1 normally be recovered from a developer
business plan with particular emphasis whose development may exceed the
on the underlying planning assumptions available network capacity within an
and the key output measures that they area. A developer may face in such a
might be assessed against. situation a major cost for a new piece of
electricity infrastructure that could go
3.96 The regulatory regime requires that well beyond his needs and which may
customers be protected from companies significantly affect the economics of the
spending irresponsibly to build the value scheme. DNOs may view this situation
of their asset base. However, this can differently: For a major new
have the effect of constraining development, the demand created may
investment until it is unambiguously exceed the capacity available within the
required. This situation is further local network. The regulatory framework
compounded by the complexity of requires the developer to pay for the
development in London. provision of the additional capacity which
is required for their sole-use. Whilst the
3.97 The constraint of anticipatory investment distribution company will pay for any
in infrastructure (i.e. ahead of need) additional reinforcement in the area, as it
raises questions about the incentive for is in the common good, and the
the DNOs to plan more comprehensively developer will be compensated for any
and for the long-term the infrastructure capacity created which is over and
required to accommodate further growth above their needs, the developer may
and business needs, although the still be faced by a substantial upfront
London Plan provides robust evidence to cost 53. He may also have to integrate the
underpin its growth figures. Planning infrastructure (e.g. a new substation) into
with longer-term timescales could his development site. This piecemeal
potentially also be more cost effective way that developers contribute to the
and prevent delays as they currently provision of electricity infrastructure
occur when new infrastructure is potentially puts a risk on the viability or
required. The Mayor will consider
exploring the promotion of potential 52
This is a mechanism to give developers an
improvements to the way electricity
economical way of compensating for the CO2
infrastructure is provided and ensuring a emissions reductions (to achieve 'zero carbon') that are
difficult to achieve through normal design and
construction (i.e. carbon compliance).
51 53
The London Waste and Recycling Board is looking to The so-called ‘second-comer’ rules ensure that the
support London waste-based anaerobic digestion developer will gain a credit for future connections
biogas to grid projects that would inject gas into and/or some compensation from other developers who
London’s gas grid. take up spare capacity in the new infrastructure.
Page 41 of 112
delivery of developments or leads to a customers. The Mayor seeks to

reduction of developer contributions that influence the Government on its
can be made for affordable housing or programmes that support decentralised
sustainable transport provision. energy. Other incentives exist that will
support the deployment of decentralised
3.99 In order to address the issues set out energy including Renewables Obligation,
above the Mayor hosted an Electricity Feed in Tariff, Renewable Heat Incentive
Summit in November 2012 at which a and Climate Change Levy. 55 The Mayor
High-level Working Group was launched has also secured around £3 million in
that should facilitate closer cooperation European Local Energy Assistance
between key stakeholders to promote (ELENA) funding from the European
sustainable levels of investment in the Investment Bank to support the
delivery of London’s electricity commercialisation of large scale
infrastructure when and where required. decentralised energy projects. This
The two key components of this are funding is supporting a team of experts
network accessibility and network to take potential decentralised energy
competitiveness. Stakeholders have projects from concept through to
reacted positively to the establishment of investment grade proposals.
the Working Group and further details
about its work will be included in the next 3.101 Under the new regulatory regime,
version of this document. The Mayor decentralised energy offers the DNOs
may also consider helping to identify the opportunity to off-set network
land for required new substations, tunnel investment by supporting the network at
head houses and other energy peak times. There is also the opportunity
infrastructure and possibly facilitating to intelligently integrate the decentralised
coordination of new cable routes with energy supply chain from production to
other infrastructure providers in the light consumption using so called Smart
of concerns of road works causing Technology 56.
congestion. This could be underpinned
by an appropriate London Plan policy 3.102 UKPN’s Low Carbon London programme
dealing with land for energy is exploring how the electricity
infrastructure. distribution network should change to
support the delivery of the London’s
3.100 To support the Mayor’s decentralised carbon reduction target. It aims to do this
energy target public money needs to be by installing smart meters in the Mayor’s
invested initially to mitigate underlying Low Carbon Zones and Green
risks and to create opportunities for Enterprise District. monitoring electric
private investment and to develop vehicle use, trialling demand response
markets in the decentralised energy contracts with industrial and commercial
sector. DEPDU will provide guidance to customers in the City of London and the
Boroughs on business models. The Green Enterprise District, establishing a
Energy Service Company (ESCO) is a Low Carbon London Learning
common model for the delivery of small- Laboratory at Imperial College London.
scale decentralised energy schemes.
The Government’s Green Investment
Bank proposals will also provide an
important opportunity to develop energy
infrastructure 54. The principle could be
that the bank would fund an entire
investment and returns are made
according to the rate of connecting new
55
54
The principle could be that the bank would fund an October 2011, p. 73 and 85
56
entire investment and returns are made according to GLA research is underway to look at the benefits and
the rate of connecting new customers. how this could work in London.
Page 42 of 112
TELECOMMUNICATIONS 3.105 The use of the internet for domestic use

is also increasing rapidly with the
3.106 Information for telecommunications increasing popularity of online buying
infrastructure is initially largely based on and selling, home working and online
input from British Telecom (BT) and their marketing as contributing factors. The
six-monthly rolling infrastructure work growing demand for bandwidth is driven
program. Information from the regulator in the residential sector largely by
Ofcom and from BT’s competitors with a innovation in the entertainment sector
significant share of London’s market is (HD TV, etc). The Olympic Games in
expected to be included in the next 2012 gave a boost to the demand in
version of this document. particular for instant internet access
anywhere in London requiring a further
a) Strategic telecommunications roll out of wireless coverage. BT had a
infrastructure target of 500,000 Wifi Hotspots in
3.103 This includes the availability of fast London by the time of the Olympic
broadband 57 and ethernet connections Games. Future targets are being
as well as Wi-Fi Hotspots. The required identified and the potential significance
physical infrastructure includes data of 4G network rollout across London as
centre and street cabinets as well as the well.
copper, fibre and ethernet connections.
Wi-Fi equipment can be included in 3.106 In 2011, 19 million (77 %) of households
residential and business premises but in Great Britain had an Internet
also in pay phones, bus stops and connection. Access barriers for the
lampposts. remaining 5.7 million include the high
cost of equipment and the lack of skills
to use the internet. However, for over
b) Telecommunications
half of those without a connection it is a
infrastructure need deliberate choice. 61
3.104 Telecommunications is a fast-growing
sector, and software companies are 3.107 Data centres represent important
particularly thriving in London compared telecommunications equipment for many
with other European cities 58, reflecting large businesses in London. To ensure
London’s global city role as a finance complete resilience for un-interrupted
and creative capital. An economic service the distance to the data centre
evidence base for the Mayor’s Digital should not exceed 22 miles.
London initiative has been produced 59. It
has been identified that ICT companies c) Telecommunications
concentrate mainly in the CAZ but also infrastructure provision
for example in the Docklands and
Greenwich (back offices). Moreover, a 3.108 Policy 4.11 of the London Plan promotes
digital hub is fast developing in East the expansion of modern
London. The area has experienced telecommunications infrastructure and
700% growth over the past three aims to address e-exclusion.
years 60. The survival of these companies
is dependent upon fast 3.109 According to BT almost everywhere in
telecommunications infrastructure – London high-speed broadband (up to 62
without this London’s digital economy 24 Mbit/s) is available. The roll out of
will not be globally competitive. super-fast broadband (up to 110 Mbit/s)
is under development and the coverage
57
of 2.6 million premises in London was
Dial-up internet is hardly used any more.
58
London as a whole is home to 22,000 ICT and
61
software companies - more than three times the Office for National Statistics, Statistical Bulletin,
amount of its nearest European competitor, Madrid. Internet Access - Households and
59
http://www.london.gov.uk/publication/londons-digital- Individuals, August 2011
62
economy The speed decreases with the distance from the
60
London & Partners data exchange or street cabinet.
Page 43 of 112
targeted by March 2012. It requires a connections are technically possible but

fibre connection directly to the premises potentially more expensive to provide,
or at least to a street cabinet. BT include individual areas within the north
provides the first for new development of London as well as areas in Bexley,
areas if the developer informs them at an Lambeth, south Bromley and south
early stage. For large business services Croydon.
BT provides an ethernet connection (up
to 10 Gbit/s). The maps on the following 3.110 It should be noted that the information
page (Figures 11 and 12) show BT’s provided for BT’s coverage requires
super-fast and ethernet deployment. further updating and should be
Areas where currently no super-fast complemented with information from its
broadband is planned include mainly competitors with a significant share of
remote areas in north-east Hillingdon, London’s market such as Virgin Media.
Brent and south Croydon as well as the Such information is expected to be
City of London and other business included in the next version of this
centres. These areas mainly cater for document.
large businesses through the provision
of ethernet connections but less well for 3.111 As telecommunications infrastructure
the relatively few residential customers equipment becomes smaller through
and SMEs. In terms of ethernet innovation, over time the size and
deployment the majority of London can number of the exchanges required is
be connected. The ‘white’ areas, where likely to decrease.
Figure 11: Super-fast broadband deployment in London
Source: BT
Page 44 of 112
Figure 12: Ethernet deployment in London
Source: BT
d) Telecommunications customer needs and the fast pace of

infrastructure funding and delivery innovation in this sector the rolling
investment program only covers six
3.112 The Government has established an months into the future. It is possible that
urban broadband fund that will create already within a few years new
‘super-connected cities’ across the UK. bandwidth technologies will be available.
The cities will receive support from the This is likely to also require very regular
fund over the next three years. The GLA reviews of this section of the
has secured for London £ 25 million from Implementation Plan.
DCMS and will match this with other
public and private funds in particular to 3.114 In terms of any current supply gaps
meet the digital connectivity needs of identified there are mainly economic but
London's businesses. It is expected that few technical barriers for filling these
through the delivery of this project further gaps. Residential development is the
spatial data about telecommunication economic driver for telecommunications
needs of different parts of London may investment.
become available.
3.115 A technical constraint to provision is the
3.113 Investment and funding of complexity of underground works in the
telecommunications infrastructure are light of underground infrastructure for
regulated by Ofcom. In the light of the other types of infrastructure (gas,
focus on responding flexibly to individual
Page 45 of 112
electricity, transport, water) and potential WASTE

conflicts of required construction works
with surface transport. A coordinated 3.117 Information for waste infrastructure is
approach is necessary to address these largely drawn from the Mayor’s Municipal
complexities and to identify potential Waste Management Strategy (MWMS)
synergies. and supporting documents, and the
Mayor’s Business Waste Strategy for
3.116 The provision of data centres and street London (BWS), all published in
cabinets may be constraint by the November 2011 63. Work undertaken by
availability of electricity as potentially in the London Waste and Recycling Board
the centre of London (see section on (LWARB) 64 is also reflected.
electricity infrastructure). In some parts
of London difficulties have been 3.118 For the purposes of this Implementation
experienced between boroughs and Plan, London’s waste arisings (ie waste
service providers over the siting of street generated in London) is categorised into
cabinets and other infrastructure. This three streams:
may be an issue for further consideration  Local Authority Controlled Waste
if it impedes implementation of essential (LACW) (previously known as
infrastructure. municipal solid waste (MSW)) –
waste collected by London’s waste
authorities, principally from
households, but also an element
from commercial organisations
 commercial and industrial (C/I) waste
 construction, demolition and
excavation (CDE) waste
The London Plan focuses mostly on
MSW and C/I waste, as these are the
waste streams which national planning
policy requires planning authorities to
address through their plans, identifying
appropriate waste management
capacity.
3.119The problems of providing reliable

estimates of waste data are long
standing and well-known. While the
quality of MSW data is accepted, with
authorities making regular returns to
DEFRA's Waste Data Flow, there is no
equivalent for C&I waste. The
Environment Agency provides C&I waste
treatment data for licensed sites through
its waste interrogator tool. However,
what may be a significant proportion of
C&I waste is managed by sites exempt
from the need for a licence from the
Environment Agency, so the quantum
and origins of the waste these sites
63
http://www.london.gov.uk/publication/londons-
wasted-resource-mayors-municipal-waste-
management-strategy
64
http://www.lwarb.gov.uk/
Page 46 of 112
handle cannot be precisely quantified.

The imprecision of C&I data is a national
one but as London is the largest
commercial centre in the country this
problem is exacerbated. CD&E
estimates are based on survey data
undertaken in 2003.
a) Strategic waste infrastructure

3.120 The strategic waste infrastructure
addressed in this section of the
Implementation Plan is that which is
required to manage London’s waste
arisings within London by 2031 in line
with London Plan waste policies– chiefly,
material reclamation facilities (MRFs),
composting and anaerobic digestion
facilities, pre-treatment facilities and
thermal treatment facilities.
b) Waste infrastructure need

3.121 In 2008, London generated a total of 20
million tonnes (mt) of waste, comprising
approximately 4 mt of LACW, 6.5 mt of
C/I waste and 9.5mt of CDE waste 65.
The London Plan estimates London’s
MSW and C/I waste arisings (the key
waste streams for planning purposes) at
10.7 mt for 2011, rising to 11.7 mt in
2031 of which 53% is currently managed
in London for the purposes of meeting
waste apportionment, with the remainder
exported, chiefly to landfill beyond the
Greater London area.
3.122 Figure 13 shows the waste management

methods used in London for each of the
three main waste streams 66. Overall,
61% of London’s waste is reused,
recycled or composted, but it has to be
said that this figure is skewed by the
very large proportion (82%) of CDE
waste which is managed in this way.
Reuse, recycling and composting
accounts for 53% of C/I waste, and only
30% of LACW, although this waste
makes up the lowest proportion of waste
arising overall.
65
The Mayor’s Business Waste Strategy for London,
November 2011, page 24
66
Ibid, Figure 2, page 25
Page 47 of 112
Figure 13: Breakdown of London’s waste management methods 2009/10
100%
6% Other
3% Landfill
90% 18%
24% Incineration
25% Recycling
80% 36%
70%
17%
8%
60%
6%
50%
31%
40% 82%
30% 61%
53%
20%
30%
10%
0%
Total CDE C&I LACW
Source: MWMS & BWS
3.123 The Mayor’s key London Plan policy through a spatial redistribution process
objectives for waste, as set out in Policy known as waste apportionment.
5.16 Waste Self-Sufficiency, are to:
3.124 London Plan Table 5.3 shows the
 minimise waste tonnages of apportioned LACW and C/I
 increase reuse, recycling and waste boroughs are expected to manage
composting, and to through the plan period. The amounts
 maximise London’s waste self- rise over time – not because waste
sufficiency – i.e. to reduce waste generated is expected to increase
exported to landfill outside London, dramatically, but because an increasing
by managing over the plan period (to proportion of waste will be managed
2031) as much of London’s waste within London as waste exports to
within London as is practicable. neighbouring regions decline and the
capital nears waste self-sufficiency.
To make sure this happens, Policy 5.17
Waste Capacity requires boroughs to c) Waste infrastructure provision
allocate land for waste to provide
enough capacity to deal with the 3.125 In order to achieve the Mayor’s objective
amounts of waste allocated to them of waste self-sufficiency, London will
Page 48 of 112
need to develop infrastructure capacity 3.130 This level of investment will be met
to manage at least an additional 8.5 mt primarily through commercial funds It is
of MSW and C/I waste within its evident through LWARB’s project
boundaries by 2031. portfolio that the waste industry is keen
to help fill London’s waste management
3. 126 To develop this infrastructure, LWARB’s capacity gap, but significant additional
funds alone will not be sufficient. Given investment is necessary from banks and
the extent of the capacity gap and the other financial institutions to fill the
capital cost associated with waste market. Whilst the UK Green Investment
management infrastructure Bank is very active in the PFI/PPP
development, LWARB’s fund is only space, LWARB’s financial involvement in
capable of supporting partial fulfilment of merchant projects has been
the ‘gap’ requirements. LWARB demonstrated to help leverage private
therefore takes a targeted approach to funding to the extent that such projects
the use of its funding to make sure the become viable. It is essential that
identified capacity gaps are narrowed as LWARB continues to receive funding
much as possible, supporting scale from the government beyond 2015 to
projects and thereby reducing the overall develop projects currently in the pipeline,
capacity gap. to give certainty to the market, and to
leverage in additional funding for further
3.127 To date, LWARB has committed to projects. There are currently a number of
making loans to six infrastructure funds to leverage investment from, which
projects totalling £18.3 million – see could contribute to developing waste
Table 5. These projects will deliver a management infrastructure in London,
total of 428,000 tonnes of additional including the London Green Fund (£186
waste management capacity, for local million).
authority collected waste and C/I
waste 67. 3.131 These substantial costs could be
partially offset, however, by savings
3.128 As pointed out earlier, London currently achieved through the successful
deals with a proportion of its waste by implementation of the full range of
exporting it to other regions, mostly to Mayoral waste policies – for example:
landfill. The London Plan sets stringent,
but achievable, targets for the capital's  Managing London’s LACW in the
waste authorities to progressively most optimal way through reuse,
increase internal waste management recycling and renewable energy
capacity so that the exported component generation could save London waste
decreases over time. The Mayor is authorities up to £90 million per year.
working with waste authorities in  Preparing London to manage all its
neighbouring regions to monitor and plan waste (including C/I and CDE waste)
for this transition towards self sufficiency, in the most carbon efficient and
particularly against the background of economically beneficial way could
progressive exhaustion of landfill generate approximately 1260 green-
capacity outside London. collar jobs and contribute £52 million
d) Waste infrastructure funding of direct Gross Value Added (GVA)
to the economy each year to 2025.
and delivery
3.129 It is estimated that the total infrastructure
investment required for London’s waste
management needs could have capital
costs in the region of £2bn and annual
operational costs of £150 million.
67
Ibid, pages 60 and 117
Page 49 of 112
 Table 5 LWARB-funded and committed waste infrastructure projects 2008-11

 Capacity
 Project  Project (tonnes  Status of
 Location
Sponsor types per project
year)
 Anaerobic  Funding
 Confidential  44,395  Greenwich
digestion committed
 Barking
 Anaerobic and
 TEG Group  49,000  Contracted
digestion Dagenha
m
 Thermal
 Biossence  130,000  Havering  Contracted
treatment
 Plastics
 Funding
 GreenTech Reprocessin  25,000  Enfield
committed
g
 Orchid
 Funding
Environmen  MBT/MHT  160,000  Bexley
committed
tal Limited
 Plastics
 Funding
 Confidential Reprocessin  20,000  Greenwich
Committed
g
 Source: LWARB
 Energy generated from London’s SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE

municipal waste, after maximising
recycling, could contribute £92 3.132 Information for social infrastructure is
million of savings to London’s £4 initially largely based on GLA research to
billion electricity bill and take £24 build on relevant London Plan policies
million off London’s £2.5 billion gas and the Housing SPG.
bill 68.
a) Strategic social infrastructure
3.133 This focuses initially on education, health
and social care, sport, policing and
emergency facilities as strategic social
infrastructure but social infrastructure
also covers a wide range of other
facilities such as community, cultural,
play and recreation facilities and places
of worship, and many other local uses
and activities which contribute to
Londoners’ quality of life. Provision for
these facilities should be addressed at
the local level.
68
The Mayor’s Municipal Waste Management Strategy,
November 2011, page 95
Page 50 of 112
EDUCATION
a) Education infrastructure need
Primary and secondary education
3.134 GLA demographic projections show the

total numbers of primary age children
are set to rise by 20.7 per cent by 2021.
In addition, the numbers of children
seeking secondary school places is
expected to rise greatly, with the number
of eleven-year olds up 22.4 per cent by
2021. This means the minimum total
demand for places by children resident
in London between 2011 and 2021 will
require 4,900 additional primary classes
and 2,800 additional secondary classes
.
across London 69
3.135 The GLA currently runs a pan-London

school roll projections service for
boroughs. Opportunities to expand the
service so it covers all boroughs and
gives a more strategic picture of school
places in the capital will be explored in
2013. The Mayor will work closely with
boroughs and the Department for
Education (DfE) on identifying areas of
need.
Higher Education
3.136 GLA’s Data Management and Analysis

Group’s Briefing on projected demand
for places at Higher Education
Institutions in London 70 demonstrates
that on current trends, total full-time
undergraduate numbers are projected to
increase by 67,313 (31%) between
2009-2010 and 2021-22. Total full-time
post-graduate numbers are projected to
increase by 97,910 (131%) over the
same period.
69
This does not take account of some spare capacity
within some schools nor take account of London’s
higher mobility of children across borough boundaries
70
Mayor of London. Projected Demand for Places at
Higher Education Institutions in London, Intelligence
update 13-2011.
http://data.london.gov.uk/datastore/package/projected-
demand-places-higher-education-institutions-london
Page 51 of 112
Table 6: Actual and projected demand for full-time undergraduate places at London
HEIs
UK domiciled ‘Other EU’ ‘Non-EU’ Total full-time

full-time domiciled full- domiciled full- under-
under- time under- time under- graduates
graduates graduates graduates
Actual (2009-
175260 15405 26680 217355
10)
Projected
222212 15728 54148 284668
(2021-22)
% increase 27 2 103 31
Source: Students in Higher Education Institutions 2009/10, Higher Education Statistics Agency
Table 7: Actual and projected demand for full-time postgraduate places at London HEIs
‘Other EU’ ‘Non-EU’ Total full-time

UK domiciled post-
domiciled full- domiciled full-
full-time post- graduates
time post- time post-
graduates
graduates graduates
Actual (2009-
30990 11355 32365 74725
10)
Projected
51839 24065 78807 172632
(2021-22)
% increase 67 112 143 131
Source: Students in Higher Education Institutions 2009/10, Higher Education Statistics Agency
3.137 Tables 6 and 7 show that on current before they can accept new
trends, the rate of increase is projected international students and restricting
to be higher among overseas students applicants to study one course only)
(particularly non-EU) than among
The supply of student accommodation in
domestic students. However, it is
London and the affordability of rents are
important to note that the Government
key considerations for students and
proposals below will affect future
factors in the choice of the institution and
demand for places from students and
the overall attractiveness of HEIs in
these are not factored into the above
London. Strategic planning is essential if
projections:
the projected demand for new bed
spaces in student accommodation is to
 Change to tuition fees for domestic be met.
students and more specifically
London
 Immigration policy to address non-
economic routes of migration into the
UK (the introduction of higher English
language requirements for incoming
students, limitations to the amount of
international students education
providers can accept, standards that
education providers need to meet
Page 52 of 112
b) Education infrastructure 3.142 Since 2010-11, all universities and

provision colleges have been subject to limits
placed on the number of undergraduate
students they can recruit, known as
Primary and secondary education student number controls. From 2012-13,
the Government asked Higher Education
3.138 Itis clear that London is facing a growing Funding Council for England (HEFCE) to
crisis in school places. London Councils implement a core margin policy whereby
forecasts a serious shortage of both institutions offering lower tuition fees
primary and secondary school places in could bid for additional student places
the next four years of 90,000 by from a margin made available through a
2015/2016 71 based on available capacity reduction in the number of places
in May 2011. available at all institutions. Furthermore,
the Government introduced its high-
3.139 Free Schools can play an important role grades policy – in 2012-13 students with
in helping to provide more good quality AAB at A level or other exempted
places where there is a shortage, but qualifications were excluded from the
also in those areas where there is no student number control limit. In 2013-14
shortage but parents feel the quality of it is likely this will extend to ABB. These
provision is not good enough. London is policies could affect the capacity of
currently home to 26 open Free Schools. universities and colleges in London to
recruit students, expand or contract
3.140 As the strategic planning authority and provision differentially. HEFCE continues
regeneration and housing agency for to monitor developments nationally.
London, with access to data about
school places, the Mayor intends to set 3.143 The future role of local educational
up a ‘New Schools for London’ unit in the authorities is presently unclear. Future
GLA to help address the shortage of provision for primary and secondary
school places in London and support the schools will have to be investigated
development of Free Schools. The further in the light of the emerging
Mayor has also committed to auditing changes.
the GLA group estate for 10 buildings or
sites for purchase by the DfE for Free c) Education infrastructure
School developments. funding and delivery
Higher education Primary and secondary education

3.141 By far the largest concentration of higher
education in the UK is in London. 3.144 Funding for all schools in the UK is
London counts 41 publicly funded Higher undergoing reform. London’s schools will
Education Institutions and a total of receive nearly £6.5 billion via the
427,785 students and 99,290 members Dedicated Schools Grant (revenue
of staff. Private institutions have no legal stream) in 2012-13, with a further £225
requirement to produce figures on their million of funding being provided via the
status. However it is estimated that 10% Pupil Premium targeted at the 375,000
of students attend 488 private sector most deprived pupils in the capital.
institutions in London (private providers London boroughs will receive £414
and other higher education centres) million in core capital funding, and this
amounting to 122,000 students. was supplemented in April 2012 by an
additional £307 million for school places.
71
This is calculated by London Councils as a shortage 3.145 In 2011 the Government allocated an
of 78,923 primary school places and 12,227 secondary extra £260 million to the capital to
school places across London, between 2011/12- address the serious shortage of places
2015/16. They estimate total cost of meeting such a needed in primary schools in the next
shortfall as £2.3bn by 2015.
Page 53 of 112
four years. The 2012 Autumn Statement Parliament. This will include new
with £1 billion to expand ‘good’ schools specialist maths Free Schools for 16-
and build 100 new Free Schools and 18 year olds, supported by strong
academies (national figures). London university maths departments and
authorities can use the capital funding academics; and
they receive from the DfE to establish  invest an additional £600 million to
new schools, with a statutory support those local authorities with
presumption that these should be the greatest demographic pressures
Academies or Free Schools. Free – the majority of which are in
School groups can also access capital London. This funding is enough to
funding through the Free School deliver an additional 40,000 school
application process run by the DfE. Yet places.
many are struggling to find suitable sites
in their area of choice. 3.149 Planning obligations can be secured to
ensure delivery of new facilities and
services (see London Plan Policy 8.2). A
Higher education
number of boroughs are also bringing
3.146 Higher education in London is funded by forward proposals to use CIL for this
Higher Education Funding Council for purpose. Further investigations will be
England (HEFCE). HEFCE recurrent carried out on funding opportunities
funding allocated to universities and associated to higher education and
directly-funded colleges in London primary and secondary facilities.
totalled £1,386 million in 2011-12.
HEFCE’s grant is reducing to reflect the
higher proportion of funding available to
institutions through increased tuition fee
income from 2012-13 – the first year with
students paying fees of up to £9000 per
year. Total national HEFCE grant
available for 2012-13 is £5,311 million
(with £3,213 million for teaching)
compared to £6,507 million (£4,339
million for teaching) in 2011-12. This will
affect all London institutions
differentially, though most will see cash
reductions in their funding from HEFCE.
3.147 In April 2009 London Councils published

estimates that by 2014 London could
have a shortfall of more than 18,200
reception class places, with 14,700 five
year olds being taught in temporary
classrooms 72
3.148 In respect of primary and secondary

education, the Government will:
 invest an extra £600 million to fund

100 additional Free Schools which
are all-ability state-funded schools
set up in response to parental
demand by the end of this
72
Do the Maths: tackling shortages of primary school
places in London. London Councils, April 2009.
Page 54 of 112
HEALTH Productivity and Prevention (QIPP) plans

as part of national initiative to improve
the quality of care and deliver efficiency
a) Health infrastructure need savings. QIPP priorities include providing
3.150 In July 2010 the Government published services closer to home, reducing
its White Paper ‘Equity and Excellence: avoidable admissions and re-admissions
Liberating the NHS’ setting out plans to to hospitals, reducing length of stay and
restructure the NHS. The Health and implementing new pathways for urgent
Social Care Act will bring about the care. Health improvement and
transfer of responsibility for prevention initiatives and programmes
commissioning most healthcare services will also deliver significant cost savings
to consortia of GPs, known as clinical to the NHS.
commissioning groups, and the
establishment of an NHS Commissioning 3.152 The regeneration of individual areas will
Board for commissioning primary care require a comprehensive assessment of
services and specialist acute services. In health and wider social infrastructure
addition, the Primary Care Trusts’ (PCT) requirements in accordance with the
public health function will transfer to local methodology in paragraph 3.88 of the
authorities. The strategic health authority Plan, including site opportunities and
NHS London and the 31 London PCTs options for integrated provision of
will be abolished and the ambition is for services. Housing development in the
the new clinical commissioning groups to Opportunity Areas and Areas of
be the statutory commissioning bodies Intensification will place significant
from April 2013. pressure on existing health services and
many of the areas have limited or no
3.151 In advance of this, PCTs have arranged existing health provision. Therefore, new
themselves into six clusters to reduce primary healthcare facilities will be
management and operating costs and to required to cater for the new population.
support the development of GP Across London it is estimated that the
commissioning in London. The clusters following primary care health services
have produced Quality, Innovation, will be required:
Table 8: Broad health requirements

Broad Broad
Broad health requirements requirements requirements
(low) (high)
Number of Whole Time
158 235
Equivalent (WTE) GPs
Primary and community care
26,070 38,775
space (m2)
Source: The London Strategic Housing Land Availability Assessment and Housing Capacity Study (SHLAA/HCS) and
the HUDU Model. The ‘low’ and ‘high’ requirements relate to different net population growth scenarios.
3.153 The planning of new facilities will take shifting care closer to home and out of
account of local commissioning priorities hospitals, including the early detection
which in turn are influenced by current and treatment of long-term conditions
and future health needs and demand for will place greater pressure on primary
services. London continues to and community care. Local decision
experience significant population growth making will also seek to integrate
and an increasingly ageing and services across primary and secondary
ethnically diverse population. Increased care and social care organisations.
demand for services, coupled with Health and wellbeing boards and their
Page 55 of 112
partners undertake and contribute to the the focus on estate modernisation and
Joint Strategic Needs Assessment and efficiency that this level of new build
Joint Health and Wellbeing Strategy that development will continue. However,
inform GP commissioning plans and local authority and private sector
support the integration of delivery. regeneration and development schemes
offer an opportunity to deliver new
3.154 No infrastructure requirements for facilities and partially fill a funding gap
secondary care are provided at this through s106/CIL.
stage as further work is needed to
assess the implications of QIPP plans, c) Health infrastructure funding
hospital reconfiguration plans and and delivery
reviews of mental healthcare services.
Individual hospital sites will also be 3.159 The Spending Review 2010 has reduced
subject to rationalisation as different NHS capital funding by 17%, with the
institutions take out clinic and bed expectation that NHS organisations will
capacity. achieve £20 billion savings through
quality and productivity improvements by
b) Health infrastructure provision 2014. The Operating Framework for the
NHS in England states that there will be
3.155 Currently health estate planning is driven no automatic capital allocations for
by PCT clusters who are developing PCTs, with necessary funding being
estate strategies. Making better use of granted on a case-by-case basis. The
the NHS estate in London is a key priority for capital funding will be on
element of QIPP with a focus on maintenance and essential smaller
providing greater access to services and improvement schemes. It is likely that
improving the quality and efficiency of capital funding for new build schemes
the estate. New premises should be able will be tightly constrained. Also,
to deliver sufficient capacity to meet the additional demand for healthcare
needs of existing and future patients and services generated by rapid population
deliver care closer to home, which will increases and transient populations will
include investment in out-of-hospital generate significant revenue costs which
services. are not immediately picked-up in PCT
allocations.
3.156 Specialist hospital services are being
centralised and community health 3.160 Based on estimated housing capacity
services have been transferred to and population increase on large sites in
hospital trusts. Plans are underway to the designated Opportunity Areas and
reconfigure hospital services in north Areas of Intensification from, it is
east London, in north London and in estimated that broad health
south east London. infrastructure costs will be around £ 1 –
1.5 bn. 73 This figure includes both
3.157 The NHS estate in London (valued at primary and secondary capital and
current use at approx £6 billion) is revenue costs.
complex, comprising some 2,000 sites
operated by many different
organisations, many of whom are
undergoing major reorganisation. The
ownership and management of the PCT
estate is changing. Some properties
have been transferred to community
service providers, whilst PCTs retain the
residual estate for the time being.
73
3.158 During 2010/11, 21 new primary care London Strategic Housing Land Availability
centres were opened. It is unlikely given Assessment and Housing Capacity Study
(SHLAA/HCS) and the HUDU Model
Page 56 of 112
SPORT Artificial grass pitches

3.164 Across London the five sub regions are
a) Sport infrastructure need projected to generate a demand for just
3.161 Swimming pools, sports halls and under 269 pitches by 2021. This total
artificial grass pitches are most important demand compares with a London total
in supporting community sports supply across the five sub regions in
participation. They are also the most 2021 of 138 pitches, available for
important facilities in terms of local community use. This means that total
authority investment. More detailed demand exceeds total supply by just
information on projected community over 130 pitches.
demand and projected supply by 2021 of
swimming pools, sports halls and b) Sport infrastructure provision
artificial grass pitches can be found in Swimming pools
the Mayor’s technical report on strategic
sports facilities in London. 74 The 3.165 London has 273 swimming pool sites 75
essential contribution parks, open of which 177 sites are public and 96
spaces and playing fields make for sites are commercial sites. Public
informal play and recreation is swimming in public pools represents
recognised in paragraph 3.184. 64.8% of the total swimming pool stock
Specifically on playing fields research is in London. The highest supply of
being considered, also to identify data swimming pool sites is in the South sub-
about additional requirements. region, with 74 sites and 27% of the total
swimming pool capacity across London.
Swimming pools Pools in London are close to capacity
(pools are regarded as being close to full
3.162 At a London wide level, demand and when they are at 70% of their theoretical
supply for swimming pools are broadly in capacity).
balance and will be in 2021. However,
there are some variations or 'hot spots' Sports halls
within each sub region. The central, east
and north sub-regions have the greater 3.166 London counts 436 sports halls sites and
supply deficit of swimming pools. In a total of 603 individual main halls. The
these areas, there is a need for East sub-region has 34% or some 149
additional swimming pool provision or a sites of the London total sites. The
change in the management of existing South sub-region has 24% of the total
swimming pools to increase access. London supply of sports halls with 106
sites. By 2021, 91% of the sports hall
Sports halls capacity will be used across London.
3.163 London’s population growth is projected Artificial grass pitches

to generate a demand for 2,486
badminton courts in 2021.The total 3.167 London has a total supply of 158 artificial
capacity or sports hall supply across grass pitch sites of which 151 sites are
London is 1,795 badminton courts, public and 7 sites are commercial
available for community use courts. artificial grass pitches. The East sub-
Across London total demand exceeds region has the highest number of
total supply by some 690 badminton artificial grass pitch sites with 50 sites
courts. and 31% of the total London supply. By
2021, London’s 158 artificial grass
pitches sites will be at capacity.
74
An evidence base for sports facilities in London – the
basis for strategic sports facilities planning across
London using Sport England’s Facility Planning Model.
David Payne, August 2010.
75
http://www.london.gov.uk/who-runs- ibid. http://www.london.gov.uk/who-runs-
london/mayor/publications/planning london/mayor/publications/planning
Page 57 of 112
Figure 16: Unmet demand for swimming pools in London 2021
Source: Sport England
3.168 The sport facility stock in London Table 9: Unit costs for key community
changes on a regular basis with new sports facilities
sites opening and some sites closing.
The Mayor’s technical report on Sports Facility Facility Costs
Facilities in London 76 is both used by the Type Details
GLA (Mayor’s Capital Legacy Fund) and
Sport England via their investment Pools 25m pool
£3,120,000 77
programmes to inform their decision (5 lane)
making processes in relation to the
capital grants that they allocate in Sports hall 1 court - 4 £800,000 -
London. This helps to ensure that the court £2,685,000
investment is targeted to have the
Artificial
maximum impact. The data from the £690,000 -
grass
technical report is also used by National £1,185,000
pitches
Governing Bodies as part of the
production of their National Facility
Strategies which delineate the priorities Source: Sport England
for facilities for those sports in London
3.169 For community sports facilities, Table 9

provides unit costs for individual key
facilities.
77
http://www.sportengland.org/facilities__planning/plannin
76
Ibid. http://www.london.gov.uk/who-runs- g_tools_and_guidance/planning_kitbag/facilities_costs.
london/mayor/publications/planning aspx
Page 58 of 112
c) Sport infrastructure funding  Working within increasingly difficult

and delivery financial constraints and ensuring
optimising the use of our assets.
3.170 For sport facilities, Sport England invests
National Lottery and Exchequer
b) Policing infrastructure provision
funding 78 (around £225 million a year) to
help grow participation in grassroots 3.173 It is important that the diverse nature of
sport and create opportunities for people policing needs as a result of
to excel at their chosen sport. Although development and intensification can be
these funding pots contribute met. Policing needs vary on a borough-
significantly to the overall investment in by-borough basis and are influenced not
sports facilities, others funding sources only by population numbers but also by
such as the London Marathon Trust, the demographics, accessibility and
Lottery grants secured by amenity specialist operational need. The
societies or Friends’ groups to make identification of strategic policing
improvement in facilities, are important requirements allows a holistic approach
to deliver the funding necessary to to the provision of policing facilities and
secure all of London’s sporting needs. the MPS have identified the following
facilities (Table 10) will be required,
POLICING together with details of funding
arrangements.
a) Policing infrastructure need
3.171 The Metropolitan Police Service (MPS) 3.174 The MPS also has to ensure
and the Mayor’s Office for Policing and communications coverage through roll-
Crime (MOPAC) are committed to out of its Airwave network. This means
delivering a more efficient, effective and ensuring provision is made for the
locally focused service with modern necessary infrastructure to be
facilities. The Metropolitan Police 'Estate incorporated in new development. The
Strategy 2010 - 2014' sets out how this Mayor is considering providing guidance
will be achieved. It maintains the about how this might best be done.
principles to modernise and maximise
the Metropolitan Police Estate. An
element of modernisation is a
requirement for ‘strategic’ policing
facilities, with a pan-London role.
3.172 The Estate Strategy highlights the

following as key challenges facing the
estate:
 Responding to the speed of change

and increasingly dynamic nature of
policing.
 Having the right buildings; of the right
size; in the right place.
 Being able to able to accommodate
new policing operations at short
notice.
 Accommodating new functions into
existing buildings without disrupting
current operations.
 Working with a range of other public
sector partners.
78
http://www.sportengland.org/funding.aspx
Page 59 of 112
c) Policing infrastructure funding

and delivery
3.175 Please see Table 10.
Table 10: Requirements for strategic

policing facilities
Infrastructure/ Short term (2010- Medium term Long term (2020-

Delivery 2015) (2015-2020) 2035)
Custody Provision i 35 units total
provision to 2017
Strategic 5 units
Deployment
Facilities5
Pan-London 4 units
Training Facilities
Specialist Undetermined
Operational
Training Facilities
Regional Ware- 4 units
housing Facilities
Page 60 of 112
Facility Type Facility Details Total Costs

(Committed)
Custody To increase capacity to meet

Provision ii policing needs and resilience to
Prison and Courts Service
To provide modern, fit for purpose

custody accommodation for iii
£105m (£45m)
detainees and staff
Backup and public meeting facilities

also incorporated to meet legal
requirements of the Police and
Criminal Evidence Act
Strategic To meet the strategic and

Deployment international crime prevention role,
Facilities5 including counter-terrorism, £45m (£18m)
diplomatic protection and UK
security
Pan-London Provision of officer training facilities,

Training Facilities widely located, principally for £14m (£7m)
borough-based policing activity
Specialist Provision for various specialised

Operational policing operation, including firearms Unknown Unknown
Training Facilities and Forensics
Regional Ware- Accommodation for backup

£28m (£7m)
housing Facilities operations
Source: Cgms
Page 61 of 112
EMERGENCY SERVICES: incidents has increased and the risks

faced are more significant. The LFB
FIRE STATIONS regularly review the different
a) Fire services infrastructure need requirements they have for their vehicles
and their staffing arrangements that give
3.176 The London Fire Brigade (LFB) operate the greatest flexibility in providing cover
113 fire stations across London and resilience.
(including 1 river station) and 169
pumping appliances (fire engines)
b) Fire services infrastructure
located at those stations. The location of
271 vehicles enables them to provide provision
additional support when required at 3.179 The London Fire Brigade (LFB) are a
major incidents while maintaining cover London-wide service and they locate
across London for day-to-day demand. their fleet of emergency response
In preparing how to deliver an vehicles where they can offer the best
emergency fire and rescue service to protection to London as a whole. Local
London the LFB are mindful of how fire stations can provide people with
London will change over the coming emergency cover. However, it is often
years. There are however no direct links that vehicles come from a number of
between the population size of London surrounding stations. The LFB aims to
and the number of emergency incidents reach most emergency incidents in less
the LFB attend 79. than six minutes.
3.177 New buildings, whether homes or 3.180 The LFB’s Asset Management Plan
business premises, will be built to a describes the intentions for the location
modern standard and many will have fire and regeneration of fire stations in
protection measures incorporated. There London. This is based on modelling work
is a relationship between the risk of fire which has identified the best locations
and deprivation, but improving living for fire stations (and the number of
standards which new homes will bring, vehicles they need to accommodate)
and greater public awareness of the and a detailed review of the LFB’s
causes and risks of fire should see a property estate.
reduction in the number of incidents. It is
expected that London will continue to 3.181 The 2009 Asset Management Plan
see an overall reduction in the number of identified 30 priorities for property
incidents attended by the London Fire improvement. Of these, 19 priorities are
Brigade up to 2030. currently addressed – 9 replacement fire
stations as part of a Private Finance
3.178 The LFB looks at when and where Initiative (PFI) project (Dagenham,
incidents have happened in the past to Dockhead, Leytonstone, Old Kent Road,
determine the future demand for their Orpington, Mitcham, Plaistow, Purley
emergency response service. The LFB and Shadwell), Harold Hill (construction
have detailed incident records going completed) and Walthamstow
back to 2000 and are able to use such (construction underway), and a new site
data to accurately model and plan for the to replace West Norwood fire station
future. Over the past decade the LFB (subject to planning permission). 3
have been successful in reducing the stations are awaiting potential
number of emergency incidents they development proposals as part of the
have to attend (through their community LFB’s Corporate Property Project
and regulatory safety work). This (Lambeth, Kentish Town and
however does not directly lead to a Clerkenwell) and 4 stations have been
reduction in the number of staff or included in the Capital Programme
vehicles they need as the complexity of (Deptford, Holloway, Plumstead and
East Ham) for either rebuild or
79 refurbishment.
Fourth London Safety Plan 2010/2013
Page 62 of 112
c) Fire services infrastructure infrastructure. Together they provide a

funding and delivery green infrastructure strategy for London,
providing guidance and a spatial
3.182 The 9 replacement fire stations are framework for London-wide green
funded through £57.4m of PFI credits infrastructure and promoting partnership
secured in 2006. The level of capital working across 11 established Green
investment required to address essential Grid area groups within London and
estate works is £141m over the next 10 beyond via Green Arc Partnerships.
years and is summarised as follows:
Maintenance improvement work a) Strategic green infrastructure
identified from a condition surveys is
£87m. Assuming 20% of the works 3.184 The definition of green infrastructure is a
identified will be funded from revenue, multi-functional interdependent network
the indicative financial requirement to of open and green spaces and green
address the backlog is estimated at features (eg green roofs). It includes the
£70m: Blue Ribbon Network (the network of
London’s waterways) but excludes the
 £49.3m for improved functionality hard surfaced public realm. Its multi-
and condition at Plumstead, functionality is a key characteristic of
Woolwich, West Norwood, Brixton, green infrastructure: Green infrastructure
New Cross, East Ham, Heathrow can be beneficial for and/or have
and Hendon fire stations; synergies with mitigation/adaptation to
 £21.7m for committed works included climate change, biodiversity, landscape,
in the Capital Programme for heritage, water management, recreation
2011/12 and beyond. and tourism, transport, health and
education, and food production
These costs assume that the PFI
programme proceeds and is based on 3.85 Trees and woodlands are an important
temporary fire stations not being element of green infrastructure in
required and any alternative site London. In recognition of the benefits of
purchases will be matched by disposal of good management of this resource as an
existing sites. Responding to this total ‘urban forest’, supplementary guidance
expenditure of £141m requires an on- has been published to foster a more
going capital programme (supported by integrated approach to long term
borrowing) together with the receipt management of this affair.
anticipated in 2013/14 from the sale of 8
Albert Embankment (the former HQ
building). 3.186 To help drive forward the implementation
of green infrastructure, the Mayor has
set targets of an additional two million
trees over the whole of London by
2025 81, and an increase in the amount of
GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE surface greened in the Central Activities
3.183 London’s green infrastructure is Zone by at least 5% by 2030.
identified through the All London Green
Grid Supplementary Planning Guidance b) Green infrastructure need
(ALGG SPG) 80 and a series of ALGG
Area Frameworks. The ALGG SPG 3.187 The London Strategic Parks report 82
provides an overview of strategic green identified areas of deficiency for London
infrastructure opportunities for each in both Regional and Metropolitan Parks
area. The Area Frameworks describe and identified the need to encourage the
area objectives and the projects and development of networks of open spaces
initiatives that will deliver London’s green to meet strategic open space
81
Mayor of London, London Plan 2011, p. 239
80 82
The ALGG SPG is available for download at http://www.london.gov.uk/archive/mayor/planning/park
http://www.london.gov.uk/publications s/index.jsp
Page 63 of 112
requirements, and promote cross- ensure better recreational/tourism

borough coordination in implementing values.
proposals for new or improved Regional  The creation, restoration and
and Metropolitan Parks. improved management of green
infrastructure to ensure better
3.188 Borough Open Space Strategies provide ecological, landscape, climate
the evidence base for identifying local change adaptation and sustainable
needs and provision. The London Plan food production outcomes.
sets out in Table 7.2 benchmarks for  The integration of green
access to public open space to assist infrastructure into development and
boroughs in setting local standards in regeneration schemes, promoting
their Open Space Strategies. Figures 17 quality of life.
and 18 illustrate deficiencies in public
open space and access to nature. 3.192 There are opportunities of specific
strategic importance and/or a specific
3.189 In central London, in particular, green nature that have been identified through
infrastructure has been identified as a the ALGG process (e.g. schemes that
key mechanism for addressing issues of require significant physical
overheating and surface water flooding. investment/funding). For example, one of
It is expected that green roofs will be the the key pieces of strategic green
main mechanism for meeting this target. infrastructure so far identified is the
Wandle Valley Regional Park. The
3.190 Improving the quality of green boroughs of Wandsworth, Croydon,
infrastructure is a key issue. In recent Sutton and Merton have developed with
years there has been significant new the Mayor and other key partners such
investment in the look and feel of parks as the Environment Agency, the Wandle
and green spaces across London. The Forum and the National Trust, a
ALGG aims to ensure these governance framework for the regional
investments, and future investments, park.
also enhance the functionality of the
spaces to demonstrate that continued 3.193 Green infrastructure continues across
investment and maintenance delivers a the boundaries of London to the areas
wide range of environmental, social and beyond and in London’s urban fringe.
economic benefits, and is therefore a The Green Arc partnership of
key to delivering sustainable neighbouring counties, in particular in
development. North East London, with the GLA and
key stakeholders such as the City of
c) Green infrastructure provision London and Natural England, are
3.191 As part of the ALGG 11 Green Grid seeking to further develop ways of
Areas have been established (Figure working to create a well-connected and
19). Key types of opportunities accessible countryside around London.
recognising the range of functions of The Lee Valley Regional Park, Epping
green infrastructure across the different Forest and the Forestry Commission at
areas include: Thames Chase Community Forest are
especially significant areas for London.
 The delivery of new strategic parks
and open spaces and connections
between them, promoting a range of
benefits, including health and well-
being.
 The improvement of facilities,
attractions (including heritage and
landscape features), views and
routes for walking and cycling to
Page 64 of 112
Figure 17: Open space deficiency plan
Source: ALGG SPG
Figure 18: Access to nature
Source: ALGG SPG
Page 65 of 112
Figure 19: Green Grid Governance Areas
Source: ALGG SPG
Page 66 of 112
c) Green infrastructure funding 3.197 The Mayor is far from alone in providing
and delivery support for green infrastructure across
London. Stakeholder programmes that
3.194The precursor to the ALGG was the East are helping to deliver the ALGG include:
London Green Grid. Many of the projects Heritage Lottery Fund’s Parks for People
identified in this sub region received as well as Landscape Partnerships
funding through the Government’s funds; the Environment Agency’s river
Thames Gateway Parklands initiative. In restoration programme; and funding
the current economic climate it is unlikely secured by a wide range of third sector
that similar levels of resource will be organisations to deliver a wide range of
available directly from the public purse nature conservation, food-growing and
for the expanded ALGG. tree-planting projects.
3.195However, alternative funding streams 3.198 The supplementary guidance on
and new ways of resourcing green preparing tree and woodland strategies,
infrastructure are being explored as part advocates the incorporation of the
of the ongoing development of the green valuation of these assets as a
infrastructure concept. Quantifying the mechanism for identify their full value to
costs and benefits of investing in green communities. In London the Capital
infrastructure is one of the key objectives Asset Valuation for Amenity Trees
of the Government’s recently launched (CAVAT) 84 is followed by TfL and a
83
Green Infrastructure Partnership . This number of boroughs, and the i-tree 85
will highlight the multi-functional nature methodology has also been used. It is
of green infrastructure, which means the hoped to extend the use of i-tree across
opportunity to be provided and London.
resourced as a component of, or
complementary to, other infrastructure 3.199 Developer contributions are of high
and services such as flood and water importance to the funding of green
management, transport and public infrastructure: London Plan Policy 5.10
health. requires major developments within the
CAZ to contribute to green infrastructure
3.196 Mayor’s direct delivery programme for towards the Mayor’s target and Policy
the ALGG is via his London’s Great 2.18 requires developments in deficiency
Outdoors initiative and includes the areas for Regional or Metropolitan Parks
Mayor’s Street Trees initiative and his to contribute appropriate elements of
Pocket Parks fund. It also includes: the green infrastructure. Boroughs may also
former Help a London Park programme; consider the inclusion of green
the ‘Big Green’ fund, which will support a infrastructure investment into a local
number of exemplary strategic scale Community Infrastructure Fund (CIL).
projects or clusters of projects; other
green space enhancements delivered 3.200 The Opportunity Areas and large-scale
through Transport for London’s public regeneration schemes provide specific
realm programme; the Outer London opportunities for the integration of green
Fund and the Mayor’s Regeneration infrastructure from the outset.
Fund. These have and will continue to
enable Londoners to gain access better 3.201 A key issue for green infrastructure is the
quality spaces; increasing opportunities cost of maintenance as well as the
for coming together, relaxing and original capital expenditure. The London
playing; for healthy living, food growing Parks and Green Spaces Forum and the
and a little more contact with nature. London Benchmarking Group have
developed an annual benchmarking
84
CAVAT - Capital Asset Valuation for Amenity Trees.
83
http://www.defra.gov.uk/environment/natural/green- 2010. London Tree Officers Association
85
infrastructure/ Green Benefits in Victoria, Victoria BID June 2012
Page 67 of 112
survey to monitor and compare the costs

of managing parks and green spaces.
Figures are generally collected on a
borough basis with a breakdown of
different types of maintenance regime.
Data for 2011/2012 is currently being
collected.
3.202 Increasingly, park “friends” groups and

other community groups are helping to
provide volunteers to assist in the
maintenance of green spaces. The
London Parks and Green Spaces Forum
has helped to establish a Friends
Network to share best practice. It is likely
that volunteers will become a more
significant resource for green spaces in
the future.
3.203 Innovative thinking and new approaches

to the ways green spaces are designed
and managed can make a significant
contribution to implementing green
infrastructure at little or no extra cost.
However, lack of appropriate design,
management and operational skills is a
limiting factor in optimising the benefits
provided by a green infrastructure.
Page 68 of 112
CHAPTER 4
FU N DI NG
OP P O R T U N I T I E S
The Government has brought

CHAPTER FOUR forward legislation that will enable
FUNDING TIF projects to take place, with two
possible options with TIF areas being
OPPORTUNITIES part of the overall retained business
rate system or as possible separate
areas. The Mayor has strongly
supported the latter option. The
Government have also committed to
4.1 Some funding opportunities are generic,
examine whether the Mayor and
applying across different types of
partner authorities could borrow
infrastructure and many implementation
against CIL income and Enterprise
activities.
Zones, such as in the Royal Docks,
provide a source of business rate
4.2 Beyond continued ‘mainstream’ funding
income to the London Enterprise
from Central Government, the Mayor’s
Partnership for 25 years which could
and the boroughs’ capital programmes,
also potentially form a basis for
only the most relevant and/or innovative
borrowing to fund infrastructure.
funding mechanisms that the Mayor
intends to pursue are covered and
include:  Accelerated Development Zones
The Accelerated Development Zone
concept is based on that of TIF and
 Planning Obligations
is designed to allow local authorities
Whilst the CIL could become the
in defined areas to capture
principal means of funding
incremental value in the form of tax
infrastructure, it is likely that planning
revenue generated from new
obligations will continue to have an
development. In order to do this,
important role with regard to
local government requires the power
affordable housing, items that are not
to retain long-term local tax revenues
infrastructure and site-specific
generated from development, such
requirements. As set out in Policy
as business rates, allowing funds to
8.2, the Mayor will provide guidance
be raised for investments, through
for boroughs and other partners on
securitisation of those revenues. 86
the preparation of frameworks for
negotiations on planning obligations
in DPDs, reflecting his strategic  EU Capital Grants
priorities including affordable Building on the successful application
housing, transport, climate change, for waste management funding
learning and skills, healthcare, child through the JESSICA programme 87,
care facilities and small shops. opportunities to apply for similar
However, the Mayor does recognise funding for other significant
the need for realism about the extent infrastructure projects could be
to which development can bear the considered.
costs of providing infrastructure,
particularly in the conditions likely to  Incentivisation Schemes
exist in the early years of the Plan The New Homes Bonus was
period. introduced in 2011; the scheme
incentivises housing delivery by
 Tax Increment Funding (TIF)
This is an innovative funding 86
LG Futures, Enabling capital investment by London
mechanism deploying projected local government, 2010, p 76
future tax gains of infrastructure and 87
Joint European Support for Sustainable Investment in
other improvements (in terms of City Areas – an initiative of the EU Commission, in
additional business rates) to an area conjunction with the European Investment Bank, to
promote sustainable investment, growth and jobs
to finance the infrastructure itself.
Page 70 of 112
providing local authorities with The potential for their application

funding equal to the national average to support the implementation of
for the council tax band on each the Plan and the required
additional property and paid for the infrastructure has to be
following six years as unringfenced investigated further.
grant. The bonus is also paid on
empty properties brought back into 4.3 At least the early part of the period
use and includes an additional £350 covered by the London Plan is likely to
for each affordable home. - The see significant constraints on public
Government is also working on expenditure, with fewer resources
business rate reforms to encourage available for infrastructure and other
economic development. It is provision needed to support the growth
legislating to grant billing authorities identified in the London Plan. However,
(i.e. London boroughs) additional the London Plan does not dependent
powers to offer discounts on upon a particular level of short-term
business rates to promote economic public spending, and there is the
development. It has also announced flexibility to revisit the phasing of
proposals for local authorities to required expenditure and to deliver the
retain all or part of their growth in policies in ways that minimise public
business rates yield. These initiatives money. This can be addressed in future
will be introduced by April 2013. iterations of the Implementation Plan.
 Other potentially relevant funding 4.4 The Mayor is seeking greater financial
opportunities include: independence and aims to influence
Government on its review of local
o local government bonds Government finance that started in
(which were used by TfL to summer 2011. In particular he would like
finance £600m of investment to see changes to the criteria for funding
in the Tube system between allocation recognising the generation of
2004-2006) outputs and tax income, which are
o the Private Finance Initiative significantly higher in London than in all
(subject to a robust other parts of the country. Currently it is
evaluation to ensure value for only based on expenditure need. This is
money and government also of importance as the density of
support) development in London creates an
o encouraging local added imperative for investment
government pension funds to because the downside risks of
invest in delivering breakdown are so much greater in a
infrastructure projects large, crowded, city than elsewhere in
o placing local authority assets the country. 88 The London Finance
into special purpose vehicles Commission has been set up by the
(e.g. local housing companies Mayor to look at new ways of devolving
or urban regeneration funding to London. Comprising a number
companies) to promote of experts, the Commission will examine
investment in partnership with the potential for greater devolution of
private developers both taxation and the control of
o Other central and local funds resources (capital and revenue) to
which could be used to improve the tax and public spending
support infrastructure. arrangements for London. It will report to
the Mayor in Spring 2013.
88
GLA Economics, Public Spending Priorities in
London, 2010
Page 71 of 112
CHAPTER 5
C O N C LU S I O N S
AN D LO O K I N G
AH E A D
the funding is available to support the

CHAPTER FIVE growth of London’s economy.
CONCLUSIONS AND Water
LOOKING AHEAD 5.4 Significant investment is
underway/planned to improve London's
water quality - wastewater treatment
Conclusions works upgrades, the Thames and the
Lee Tunnel. Further investment will be
5.1 Overall this Implementation Plan required to accommodate growth until
provides a clear overview of 2031. The water companies WRMPs
implementation mechanisms across all provide an overview of required water
the policies of the Plan. It highlights the supply infrastructure for the medium
need for cooperation with a wide range term. In terms of flood risk, the
of partners, and already during the Environment Agency's Thames Estuary
preparation of this draft, it has served as 2100 project sets out the long-term
a platform for discussions between strategy for flood risk management on
stakeholders. In the light of the potential the tidal Thames and was published in
changes in public funding an even November 2012 following Government
greater focus on the effective sign-off. Investigations into particularly
management of existing assets and high surface water flood risk areas
saving of natural resources is required. across London are also underway and
Timescales and ways of implementation supported by the Drain London project.
may also have to be reconsidered.
Energy
5.2 In terms of strategic infrastructure this
Implementation Plan also provides a 5.5 Spare electricity capacity in London is
robust baseline. However, a lot of further significantly diminishing and there are
work is required to establish potential constraints to longer-term investment.
deficits in provision over the long-term The establishment of a High-level
and how they could be addressed. Working Group - as part of the Mayoral
Available information varies significantly initiative on electricity - seeks to facilitate
between different types of strategic closer cooperation between key
infrastructure. On this basis the following stakeholders to promote sustainable
initial conclusions can be drawn for the levels of investment in the delivery of
different types of strategic infrastructure: London’s electricity infrastructure when
and where required. In terms of London's
Transport gas infrastructure significant investment
is taking place to replace aging pipes.
5.3 Amongst other schemes, Crossrail, the Scottish & Southern Energy
Northern and Sub-Surface lines Power Distribution and Southern Gas
upgrades and the Thameslink upgrade Distribution still have to be approached
will be delivered in the short to medium to get a more comprehensive overview
term, providing a substantial increase in of electricity and gas provision.
rail capacity and reliability. TfL is also Decentralised energy opportunities
beginning a major upgrade of London’s should be realised in the light of the
roads which will start by targeting Mayor’s carbon reduction targets.
congestion black-spots and improving
safety for all road users. TfL’s latest draft Telecommunications
Business Plan for the period until 2020
continues to address the key challenges 5.6 London's global competitiveness
facing London’s transport. TfL will depends on fast-growing
continue to work with the Department for telecommunications infrastructure.
Transport and HM Treasury to ensure Super-fast broadband is being rolled out
across London in the short term and this
Page 73 of 112
is supported by Government funding. It Londonwide level. However, there are

will have to be ensured that required some variations or 'hot spots' within each
investment is also taking place in areas sub region. Coordination and
with comparatively few residential prioritisation of investments will be
customers. BT's key competitors in essential. The modernisation of the
London still have to be approached to police estate including ‘strategic’ policing
get a more comprehensive overview of facilities will help respond to the
broadband provision. challenges of the dynamic nature of the
sector. As regards to fire stations, it is
Waste expected that London will continue to
see an overall reduction in the number of
5.7 The London Plan’s aspiration to incidents up to 2030.
minimise the export of waste by
managing the equivalent of 100% of the
Green Infrastructure
capital’s waste within its boundaries as is
practicable by 2031 is challenging but 5.9 The All London Green Grid SPG
achievable. The GLA and the London provides an overview of strategic green
Waste and Recycling Board (LWARB) infrastructure need and provision in
have made a good start in estimating the London. For green infrastructure it is
required capacity and cost of dealing particularly important that synergies with
with municipal waste management, and the provision of other infrastructure and
channelling financial support to key services are sought.
infrastructure. More work needs to be
done to fully capture and address the 5.10 Underground infrastructure raises
infrastructure requirements of specific cross-cutting issues: This
commercial/industrial and construction, includes surface road transport
demolition and excavation waste. disruption caused by underground works
for water, energy, telecommunications
Social Infrastructure infrastructure and the complexities but
also potential synergies between
5.8 Planning of new social infrastructure
underground infrastructure for transport,
facilities in London is complex with a
water, energy, telecommunications
service delivery landscape constantly infrastructure.
changing and different types of social
infrastructure facing different challenges:
London is facing a severe shortage of Looking ahead
school places and Free Schools can play 5.11 Beyond its function as an overview and
an important role in addressing this baseline of implementation actions and
shortage. Demand for places at higher strategic infrastructure over time the
education institutions in London are Implementation Plan should become a
projected to increase; however change tool to help coordinate and promote the
to tuition fees for domestic students and delivery of these implementation actions
more specifically London and and strategic infrastructure requirements
immigration policy to address non- across London.
economic routes of migration into the UK
are not factored in those projections. 5.12 The strategic infrastructure part could for
Increasing demand for healthcare example inform the Mayor’s response to
services, coupled with shifting care related borough planning documents
closer to home and out of hospitals, will including Core Strategies, Infrastructure
place greater pressure on primary and Delivery Plans (IDPs) and CIL Charging
community care. Local assessments of Schedules. It could also help ensuring
needs and Joint Health and Wellbeing that land for strategic infrastructure at is
Strategies will inform GP commissioning allocated at the local level.
plans and support the integration of
delivery. Demand and supply for sports
facilities are broadly in balance at the
Page 74 of 112
5.13 The Implementation Group will over whilst the sub-groups will continue to
time establish its role in supporting the communicate virtually as and when
revisions of the Implementation Plan. It new data/information for a specific
will also be a useful forum to share type of infrastructure are emerging.
expertise and enable cooperation  The Mayor is planning to undertake
between its members and beyond. This further work and mapping the
could be important in the light of the strategic infrastructure required to
demonstrated complexity of deliver the optimum level of
implementation planning and the lack of Opportunity Areas and Areas of
capacity of public sector planning staff in Intensification. Only for a few
this area. The group may also help to Opportunity Areas (draft) Planning
identify aspects that are of importance in Frameworks have been produced
policy terms and should be considered that address strategic infrastructure
for the next London Plan review. Work requirements in detail. The work on
on a comprehensive Further Alterations the VNEB OAPF is exemplary in this
document is expected to start during respect and similar studies have
2013. been prepared for the Olympic
Legacy SPG and White City. This
5.14 There is a clear link between the and the infrastructure need and
Implementation Plan and the Annual provision for other emerging OAPFs
Monitoring Report (AMR). Whilst the should be informed by the VNEB
latter looks at past performances to example and this Implementation
identify trends, the Implementation Plan Plan and vice versa to ensure some
is focusing on current and future actions degree of consistency and over time
to facilitate policy implementation and to build up an overview of the
improvements. However, the regular cumulative infrastructure
updating of the Implementation Plan requirements of these growth areas.
provides a monitoring mechanism in  The Mayor is considering to promote
itself indicating if the identified actions a common London approach to the
are carried out and adding further action production of IDPs and CIL Charging
to support policies and strategic Schedules in close cooperation with
infrastructure required. A lack of the London boroughs. This would
implementation mechanisms for certain also facilitate their application of the
policies or infrastructure requirements Duty to Cooperate. In terms of CIL
could also be identified linking this further guidance could include the
Implementation Plan similarly to the infrastructure to be covered, common
AMR back to the review of policy. The timescales (short, medium and long-
AMR will continue to be published terms), a common approach to cost
annually at the end of February whilst estimates and information about
the Implementation Plan will be updated funding sources.
every summer. This will allow them to
inform each other where appropriate. 5.16 The Mayor is also keen to facilitate the
co-ordination of underground
5.15 The following specific issues lie ahead infrastructure works to minimise
for the further development and next disruption on residents and road users. In
iteration of the Implementation Plan: September 2011, he introduced his
‘Roadworks Pledge’, which set out the
 There is the opportunity to discuss standards Londoners should expect to
updates and additions with see adhered to at all works sites in the
stakeholder groups. capital. He recently agreed a
 The Implementation Group will meet strengthened Roadworks Code of
once or twice per year, as the Conduct, setting out joint targets for
differences between the various improving the management of roadworks
types of infrastructure would not and reducing traffic disruption. The
warrant more frequent meetings, London Permit Scheme for Roadworks is
Page 75 of 112
also being introduced across London by

April 2013.
5.17 In addition, in June 2012, the Mayor

introduced the country’s first Lane Rental
Scheme, whereby utilities and TfL are
charged for undertaking works on the
busiest parts of the road network at the
busiest times. The Lane Rental Scheme
is expected to drive a real change in the
way works are planned and undertaken,
encouraging the use of innovative
working techniques and materials that will
enable works promoters to work outside 5.18 Any suggestions or questions about the
of peak times, or more quickly, to reduce Implementation Plan should be sent to
their exposure to lane rental charges,
and, therefore, the disruption their works Jörn Peters,
cause road users. A TfL/DfT jointly- Senior Strategic Planner
funded research project, looking at Development & Environment
innovative roadworks techniques and GREATER LONDON AUTHORITY
materials, has already identified a number City Hall
of measures that could be employed The Queens Walk
across London to significantly reduce the London SE1 2AA
scale and length of works taking place,
including the use of quick drying concrete E-mail: [email protected]
and road plates to allow roads to be re-
opened to traffic far sooner or at peak
times.
Page 76 of 112
ANNEX 1
S U M M A RY O F K EY
I M P LM E N TAT I O N
ACT I O N S
provided. It has to be highlighted that the

ANNEX 1 certainty specified for an individual
SUMMARY OF KEY action does not represent a prioritisation.
Instead it indicates if there is a strong
IMPLEMENTATION commitment by the key deliverers or if
the action depends on specified
ACTIONS circumstances. Each action only appears
once - within the most relevant policy
A1.1 Annex 1 provides an overview of area - to avoid duplication. However,
strategic and tangible implementation every policy an action supports is
actions per policy area (sub-divided mentioned.
policy chapters) for the GLA group and
key stakeholders. These actions support A1.2 Similar to the main document Annex 1 is
and facilitate the implementation of the work in progress. The actions listed for
Plan’s policies. They are based on a the different policy areas are not
comprehensive overview of the comprehensive and not for all policies
implementation dimension of all policies implementation actions have been
of the London Plan. For each identified yet. In some cases broader
implementation action, information about overarching policies (such as 1.1, 3.1,
responsible delivery bodies, a timescale 4.1, 6.1 and 7.24) are delivered through
for delivery and a degree of certainty are other, more specific, policies.
Page 78 of 112
action implementation action action type London key deliverers timescale certainty for
no Plan 2010 2013 post on- notes key deliverers
policies to to 2018 going
supported 2012 2018
LONDON'S PLACES
The London Context
PL.1 Eurocities - cooperation Partnership 2.1 London Europe Office, other Strong
with other major cities in Eurocities commitment
Europe to promote urban
policies
PL.2 C40 Leadership Group - Partnership 2.1 GLA, leaders of participating world Strong
sharing good practice on cities commitment

addressing climate
change with other world
cities
PL.3 European Funding Investment 2.1 GLA, London Councils Current ERDF Dependent on
Programmes - promoting funding period until Government
and assessing London's 2013; London’s share decision /
Page 79 of 107
involvement; possible role for next programming guidance

for London as a Managing period 2014-20 to be
Authority during next allocated in 2013,
programming period alongside with the
funding priorities
PL.4 Review future of Partnership 2.2 GLA and local authorities in East The Mayor has Dependent on
Interregional Form (IRF) and South East of England consulted (Autumn discussions with
- align approaches within 2012) on options for partners in the
wider South East and constructive cross- East/South East
lobby for strategic boundary working in
investment the light of the duty to
co-operate
PL.5 Strategic partnerships - Partnership 2.3, 2.5 Sub-regional partnerships including The Mayor has Dependent on
support development of Thames Gateway London consulted (Autumn local
Growth Areas and Partnership, North London Strategic 2012) on options for commitment
Corridors and cross- Alliance, South London Partnership, constructive cross-
boundary working on West London Partnership and boundary working in
specific issues (e.g. on bordering counties the light of the duty to
delivery mechanisms) co-operate
Places in London
supported 2012 2018
PL.6 Olympics Legacy SPG – Strategy / 2.4 GLA Published July 2012 Strong
provide a framework for guidance commitment
the development of the
legacy area, includes
specific chapter on
implementation
PL.7 Olympics Legacy Action plan / 2.4 Olympic Park Legacy Company Leading to individual Strong
Communities Scheme - designations working with GLA, boroughs, applications from late commitment
to inform submission of developers 2012 onwards

individual planning
applications
PL.8 Cooperation Partnership 2.6, 2.7, Outer London Commission, 2nd Report – Strong
within/beyond Outer 2.8 boroughs, GLA, developers published Autumn commitment but
London - to promote 2012 dependent on
distinct opportunities and local
Page 80 of 107
transport requirements commitment

PL.9 Cooperation within Inner Partnership 2.9 Boroughs, GLA, developers Dependent on
London - to address local
deprivation and improve commitment
distinct environments
PL.10 Central Activities Zone Strategy / 2.10, 2.11, GLA, developers 2013/14 Strong
(CAZ) SPG - coordinate guidance 2.12, 4.3 commitment
strategic policies across
borough boundaries
supported 2012 2018
PL.11 Opportunity Area Action plan / 2.13, 7.9 GLA, boroughs, TfL, local 2 OAPFs are Dependent on
Planning Frameworks designations communities, developers complete (Olympic local
(OAPF) and Legacy and Vauxhall commitment
Intensification Area Nine Elms Battersea)
Planning Frameworks and 7 are underway
(IAPF) provide strategic
framework for
development, co-ordinate
investment decisions of

key partners, using
amongst other things
heritage assets and funds
in place shaping.
Further detail on their
specific implementation
Page 81 of 107
requirements to be
explored further
PL.12 Regeneration Schemes - Investment 2.14, 2.9 Boroughs, GLA Group, Strategic Dependent on
include integrated spatial Partnerships, HCA, developers individual
policies and initiatives that circumstances
bring together
regeneration,
development and
transport proposals with
improvements in learning
and skills, health, safety,
employment, environment
and housing implemented
through locally-based
plans and strategies,
particularly in inner
London
PL.13 Compulsory Purchase Action plan / 2.14, 2.15, GLA Group, boroughs Dependent on
Orders - in particular to designations 7.26 individual
enable for example circumstances
regeneration, town centre
renewal, wharf re-
activation
supported 2012 2018
Functional Areas within London
PL.14 Town Centre SPG – give Strategy / 2.15, 2.16, GLA, developers 2013 Strong
detailed guidance for guidance 4.2, 4.5- commitment
policies in relation to town 4.9
centre land uses (retail,
leisure, culture, tourism,
offices, housing, social
infrastructure and mixed

use development)
Further detail on their
specific implementation
requirements to be
explored further
PL.15 London wide town Research / 2.15, 4.6, GLA group, boroughs 2013, update every 4 Strong
centre health check - assessment 4.7, 4.9 years commitment
Page 82 of 107
provide a ‘snapshot’ of the

health of over 200 of
London’s town centres
using a selection of
strategic health check
indicators and illustrate
how these have changed
over time
PL.16 Borough town centre Research / 2.15, 4.7, Boroughs Strong
health checks - aims to assessment 4.9 commitment
monitor the vitality and
viability of town centres
and provides detailed
analysis of the town
centres within individual
boroughs
PL.17 Provision of Investment 2.15 Boroughs (and in cooperation with Dependent on
Shopmobility schemes - charities, BIDS and Town Centre individual
improve access to goods Managers), local shopping centres circumstances
and services for older and and retailers, the National
disabled Londoners Federation of Shopmobility UK
supported 2012 2018
PL.18 Business Improvement Action plan / 2.14, 2.15 Boroughs, Design for London, Dependent on
Districts (BIDs) - levy designations London and national BIDs Advisory local
payment and other services, commitment
voluntary contributions to
support and encourage
town centre management
and regeneration
PL.19 Identification of Action plan / 2.6, 2.7, Outer London Commission, GLA, Strong
Strategic Outer London designations 2.8, 2.16 boroughs, sub-regional partnerships commitment

Development Centres
(SOLDCs) and guidance
- for areas with one or
more strategic economic
functions of greater than
sub-regional importance,
Page 83 of 107
also informing Town

Centres SPG
PL.20 The Big Green Fund – Investment 2.18, 5.10 GLA, All London Green Grid Launched Dec 2012, Strong
supporting strategic Partnerships ongoing to March commitment
greenspace projects 2015
nominated by All London
Green Grid Partnerships
PL.21 All London Green Grid Strategy / 2.18 GLA, boroughs Published March Strong
SPG - to offer London- guidance 2012 commitment
wide guidance on Area
Frameworks to develop
local priority projects
PL.22 Area Frameworks - Action plan / 2.18 Boroughs, GLA, Design for London Published Dec 2012 Strong
overview of projects in the designations - working with Environment Agency, commitment
area such as Wandle TfL, Groundwork London, All
Valley Regional Park, London Green Grid Partnerships
being developed as part of
All London Green Grid
supported 2012 2018
PL.23 Regional Parks - Investment 2.18 LB Wandsworth, Croydon, Sutton, Ongoing – interim Dependent on
addressing deficiencies, Merton, Environment Agency, CEO appointed in resources
especially the Wandle Groundwork London, LPGSF, TfL, Nov 2011
Valley Regional Park National Trust, Wandle Forum,
South London Partnership
PL.24 Green Arc - to create and Action plan / 2.18 GLA, boroughs, Natural England, Dependent on
protect recreational designations surrounding county councils, Lee resources
landscape of well Valley Regional Park Authority
protected and accessible

countryside in the urban
fringe around London.
Links with All London
Green Grid project
LONDON'S PEOPLE
Page 84 of 107
Equalities
PE.1 Implement Economic Strategy / 4.12 GLA Group and other London Dependent on
Development Strategy - guidance stakeholders resources
support Londoners to
enter and sustain
employment
PE.2 Improve cooperation Partnership 3.2 GLA, NHS London Dependent on
between GLA and NHS better
London - to reduce health partnership
inequalities and improve working
the health of all
Londoners.
PE.3 Health Impact Research / 3.2 GLA, boroughs, developers Dependent on
Assessment (HIA) - for assessment resources and
major applications and on local
OAPFs and review commitment
progress
supported 2012 2018
PE.4 Implement Health Strategy / 3.2 GLA Strong
Inequalities Strategy guidance commitment
and its action plan - by
setting up plans and
actions that contribute to
Objective Five: Healthy
Places
PE.5 Update Best Practice Strategy / 3.2 London Councils, GLA, Hudu 2012 Dependent on
Guide on Planning for guidance resources

Health in London - to
give greater emphasis to
health inequalities and to
better support and
improve planning
decisions
Page 85 of 107
Housing
PE.6 Strategic Housing Land Research / 3.3 Boroughs, developers and 2013/14 Strong
Availability Assessment assessment landowners commitment
PE.7 Local Annual Monitoring Research / 3.3 Boroughs Annually Statutory
Reports - updating local assessment requirement
housing trajectories
PE.8 Housing SPG - guidance Strategy / 3.3, 3.4. GLA Published Nov 2012 Strong
on delivering increased guidance 3.5, 3.7, commitment
housing output including 3.8. 3.10,
guidance on housing 3.12, 3.13,
design, affordability and 3.16 -3.19,
social infrastructure 7.4
requirements
PE.9 Density Matrix - guidance Strategy / 3.4 Boroughs 2014 Dependent on
for boroughs - can be guidance local
refined in light of local commitment
circumstances regarding
transport capacities, local
character, infrastructure
needs and provision for
play and open space
supported 2012 2018
PE.10 London Housing Design Strategy / 3.5 GLA, HCA 2010 Strong
Guide - at the core of the guidance commitment
guide are new minimum
space standards, also
advocates improvements
in the development and
procurement process so
that design remains
valued from vision to

delivery
PE.11 Shaping Strategy / 3.6 GLA Published Sept 2012 Strong
Neighbourhoods - guidance commitment
Children and young
people's play and
recreation SPG -
Page 86 of 107
guidance to boroughs on
providing for the play and
recreation needs of
children and young people
and the use of benchmark
standards in the
preparation of Play
Strategies
PE.12 Play Strategies - Strategy / 3.6 Boroughs Ongoing as part of Dependent on
strategies to identify play guidance Local Plans resources
space requirements and
mechanisms for ensuring
access to high quality play
spaces and facilities
PE.13 Planning Framework - Strategy / 3.7 Developers Strong
for sites over 5 hectares guidance commitment
or capable of
accommodating 500
dwellings
PE.14 Update London wide Research / 3.8, 3.12 GLA 2014 Strong
Strategic Housing assessment commitment
Market Assessment
supported 2012 2018
PE.15 Sub regional Strategic Research / 3.8, 3.12 Boroughs, sub regional partners, Completed 2011/12 Strong
Housing Market assessment GLA commitment
Assessments - to identify
housing requirements
PE.16 Update Best Practice Strategy / 3.8 GLA 2010/11 Dependent on
Guide on Wheelchair guidance resources
Accessible Housing - for
boroughs and developers.
Advice to be incorporated

into Annex 2.2 of Housing
SPG
PE.17 Programming of Investment 3.15 Boroughs, GLA, RSLs, HCA Spring 2011 Strong
bringing vacant London, CLG, developers commitment
properties back into use
- part of Mayor's Housing
Page 87 of 107
Strategy - investment
through the Targeted
Funding Stream from HCA
London to boroughs
PE.18 Local Annual Housing Strategy / 3.15 CLG, boroughs, GLA Annually Dependent on
Improvement guidance local
Programme (HIP) - commitment
improvement programme
for all local authority
homes to the Decent
Homes Standard, purpose
to inform local housing
strategies, allows
comparisons across the
region and monitor central
government developments
Affordable housing
PE.19 Economic viability Research / 3.12 Boroughs, GLA During local plan Strong
assessment of assessment preparation commitment
affordable housing - to
inform local targets
supported 2012 2018
PE.20 Update to affordable Strategy / 3.13 GLA, HCA 2013 Strong
housing toolkit - to assist guidance commitment
in appraising the viability
of schemes
PE.21 Affordable housing Research / 3.13 Developers On submission of Strong
toolkit assessments - assessment applications commitment
toolkit is designed to
indicate the financial
viability of developments

in order to act as a
starting point to
negotiating Section 106
agreements
PE.22 HCA London Investment Investment 3.13 HCA London, developers, boroughs 2015/16 Dependent on
Programme - for resources
Page 88 of 107
affordable housing
PE.23 Mayor's Housing Strategy / 3.13 GLA 2013 Strong
Strategy - includes guidance commitment
commitment to delivery
affordable homes
PE.24 Thresholds in Local Strategy / 3.14 Boroughs, GLA Strong
Development guidance commitment
Frameworks - for
affordable housing
Social infrastructure
PE.25 Extend proposed Strategy / 3.16, 3.17 GLA, Hudu, boroughs, NLSA 2013 Dependent on
guidance Shaping guidance resources
Neighbourhoods -
Lifetime
Neighbourhoods and
Neighbourhood
Planning SPGs - social
infrastructure
requirements - especially
at the sub-regional and
Londonwide level
supported 2012 2018
PE.26 MPA/MPS Estate Strategy / 3.16 MPA/MPS 2013 Strong
Strategy - provide the guidance commitment
strategic framework for
the management of their
estates
PE.27 Partnership working for Partnership 3.17 GLA, NHS London, boroughs, Dependent on
new health facilities - PCTs, Hudu Government
coordination of planning decision /
and needs guidance

PE.28 London Academic Partnership 3.8, 3.18 GLA, boroughs, London HEIs, 2013 Strong
Forum - address a wide developers, entrepreneurs commitment
range of issues which
bear on London’s
economic sector and its
relationship with the
Page 89 of 107
capital
PE.29 Londonwide Sports Strategy / 3.2, 3.19 GLA, boroughs, Sport England Dependent on
Facilities Strategy - guidance resources
building on completed
analysis
LONDON'S ECONOMY
Employment land
EC.1 London Office Policy Research / 4.2 GLA Regularly – latest Strong
Review - regular assessment update published commitment
monitoring of the London Sept 2012
Office Market
EC.2 London Office Review Research / 4.2 GLA Regularly Strong
Panel (LORP) - review of assessment commitment
office market, trends and
prospects with expert
panel
supported 2012 2018
EC.3 Industrial demand study Research / 2.17, 4.4 GLA, TfL, boroughs, property 2011 Strong
- to complement supply assessment agents commitment
side study and provide
update of industrial land
release benchmarks and
borough categorisations
EC.4 Land for Industry, Strategy / 2.17, 4.4, GLA Published Sept 2012 Strong
Employment and guidance 6.2, 7.26, commitment
Transport SPG - 5.17, 5.14

guidance on investment
and land management for
industrial land as well as
land for transport and
utilities, and revised
benchmarks for release to
Page 90 of 107
other uses
Tourism and culture
EC.5 Tourism marketing and Partnership 4.5 London & Partners, tourism and Dependent on
promotion – London & regeneration partnerships, Tourism resources
Partners to work with local for All
networks to develop and
promote outer London
tourism products
EC.6 Green Tourism Scheme Strategy / 4.5 Green Business UK, business Dependent on
- certification scheme to guidance operators, Visit London, individual
improve tourism circumstances
businesses' environmental
performance and local
supplier networks
EC.7 Hotel Demand Study – Research / 4.5 GLA 2013 Strong
inform policy and assessment commitment
guidance on visitor
accommodation related
issues
supported 2012 2018
EC.8 Accessible Hotels in Research / 4.5 GLA, boroughs, hotel operators and 2011/12 Strong
London Study - advice to assessment developers commitment
boroughs and developers
on the provision of
wheelchair accessible
hotel bedrooms. Advice
to be incorporated into
Town Centres SPG as
appendix C.

EC.9 Local evidence base for Research / 4.6 Boroughs, developers Dependent on
night-time economy - assessment resources
understand nature and
scale of local night-time
activities to improve
planning and
Page 91 of 107
management
EC.10 Identify sites for Cultural Action plan / 4.6 Boroughs, GLA, London & Partners, Ongoing through Dependent on
Quarters - designate designations cultural agencies, tourism and local plans local
places to accommodate regeneration partnerships, Sport commitment
new arts, cultural and England
leisure activities as the
basis for exploring the
potential for leisure offers
of wider importance
Retail and emerging economic sectors
EC.11 Strategic retail needs Research / 4.7 GLA Every 4-5 years Strong
assessment - London assessment commitment
wide retail needs study to
inform strategic retail
planning
EC.12 Local retail needs Research / 4.7 Boroughs Ongoing through Strong
assessment - detailed assessment local plans commitment
retail needs study to
inform retail planning
policies in LDFs and Town
Centre Strategies
supported 2012 2018
EC.13 London's retail street Research / 4.8 GLA 2010 Strong
market study - provides a assessment commitment
spatial and economic
analysis of London's retail
street markets and
presents key trends
affecting sector
EC.14 Explore Green Action plan / 4.10 GLA, boroughs, developers OAPFs are underway Strong
Enterprise Districts - designations commitment

(London Riverside/Upper
Lea) - through Opportunity
Area Planning
Frameworks
LONDON'S RESPONSE TO CLIMATE CHANGE
Page 92 of 107
Climate change mitigation

CC.1 Delivering London’s Strategy / 5.1, 5.4, GLA, TfL, boroughs, business Published October Strong
Energy Future: the guidance 5.5, 5.7, sector 2011 commitment
Mayor’s climate change 5.8, 5.9,
mitigation and energy 5.10, 5.11
strategy - programmes to
achieve the Mayor's 60%
CO2 reduction target by
2025
CC.2 C-Change project - Partnership 2.1, 5.1 GLA, Groundwork London, Strong
Interreg-funded international project partners commitment
cooperation with cities in
North West Europe to
address climate change
issues
supported 2012 2018
CC.3 Negotiation with Partnership 5.2 to 5.7 Developers, GLA, boroughs, DCLG, All housing zero Strong
developers to achieve DECC carbon by 2016 and commitment
zero-carbon non-domestic
developments – with development by 2019
interim targets to achieve
a 25% improvement on
the Building Regulations
for 2010-2013 and 40%
for 2013-2016 in both new

build residential and non-
domestic buildings
CC.4 Sustainable Design and Strategy / 5.1 to GLA, boroughs 2013 Strong
Construction SPG – guidance 5.15, 5.17, commitment
guidance setting out 7.14, 7.15
improved environmental
Page 93 of 107
performance of new
buildings
CC.5 Mayor's retrofit Action plan / 3.15, 5.1, GLA Dependent on
programmes – designations 5.4, 5.7 resources
RE:CONNECT, RE:FIT
and RE:NEW - improve
environmental
performance of identified
areas, existing public
sector buildings, existing
homes: RE:CONNECT:
10 low carbon zones,
each of which has signed-
up to deliver a 20.12%
reduction in CO2
emissions by 2012,
RE:NEW: 1.2 million
homes by 2015, RE:FIT:
40 % of public sector floor
space retrofitted by 2025
supported 2012 2018
CC.6 Decentralised Energy Strategy / 5.5, 5.6 GLA, boroughs, developers, energy Dependent on
Programme Delivery guidance / providers individual
Unit - supporting the partnership projects
commercialisation of
large-scale decentralised
energy projects by offering
commercial and legal
advice and helping to
secure the investment

needed to deliver large
scale projects
CC.7 London Hydrogen Action plan / 5.8 GLA Dependent on
Partnerships Action designations resources
Plan - to facilitate the
development of the
Page 94 of 107
hydrogen market through

support for transport and
stationary fuel cell
applications
Climate change adaptation
CC.8 Managing risks and Strategy / 5.9 to 5.15 GLA Published October Strong
increasing resilience: guidance 2011 commitment
the Mayor’s climate
change adaptation
strategy – address
flooding, drought and
overheating
CC.9 LUCID project - Research / 5.9 Wide partnership, led by University 2011 Strong
modelling interaction assessment College London commitment
between London's land
cover and urban heat
island
CC.10 Urban Greening Research / 2.18, 5.10, GLA, Greenspace Information for Dependent on
Initiative - includes assessment 5.11, 5.13 Greater London (GIGL), Forestry resources
Mayor's initiatives on Commission, DEFRA
10,000 street trees and
green roofs
supported 2012 2018
CC.11 Regional Flood Risk Strategy / 5.12 GLA, Environment Agency, Next update 2013 Strong
Appraisal - maintain up- guidance boroughs commitment
to-date with key flood risk
issues/areas
CC.12 Thames Estuary 2100 Strategy / 5.12 Environment Agency, boroughs, 2010 (Thames Strong
and Catchment Flood guidance landowners CFMP), 2012 commitment
Management Plans (TE2100) - reviews
Implementation - as necessary
implement long-term flood

risk management policies
CC.13 Cooperation with Partnership 5.12 GLA, LFEPA, boroughs Dependent on
Emergency Planning - better
improve understanding of partnership
safety of developments working
CC.14 Surface Water Research / 5.10, 5.11, Drain London Partners, boroughs, Completion 2012 Strong
Page 95 of 107
Management Plan - assessment 5.12, 5.13 GLA, Environment Agency, Thames commitment
address flooding from Water, TfL, London Councils
surface water and
borough requirement to
produce Preliminary Flood
Risk Assessments, Maps
of Flood Risk Areas and
Flood Hazard Maps.
CC.15 Thames Tideway Sewer Investment 5.14 Thames Water By 2015 (Lee Tunnel) Strong
Tunnels - prevent sewer and 2023 (Thames commitment
overflow Tunnel)
CC.16 Wastewater Treatments Investment 5.14 Thames Water 5 completed by 2014, Strong
Works Upgrades - Deephams by 2020 commitment
improve capacity and
performance
CC.17 River Basin Strategy / 5.14, 7.28 Environment Agency working with 2013/14 (covering Dependent on
Management Plan - guidance key sectors on action plan 2015-2022) resources
improve water
environment
supported 2012 2018
CC.18 Water Resource Investment 5.15, 5.3 Water Companies 2013/14 (covering Strong
Management Plans - 2015-2040) - review commitment
address how to meet every 5 years
future potable water
demand
CC.19 Measures to achieve Research / 5.15, 5.3 London Water Group, GLA, Dependent on
and maintain Water assessment Environment Agency resources
Neutrality - reduce water
demand

CC.20 Securing London’s Strategy / 5.12, 5.13, GLA in partnership with key Published October Dependent on
Water Future: the guidance 5.14, 5.15 stakeholders 2011 resources
Mayor’s Water Strategy -
improve water demand
supply planning process;
reduce water
Page 96 of 107
demand/use; tackle water

poverty; surface water
flooding; drainage; and
energy from waste water
CC.21 Victorian Mains Investment 5.15 Thames Water Dependent on
Replacement resources
Programme - leakage
reduction
Waste and minerals
CC.22 The London Waste Map - Research / 5.16, 5.17, London Waste and Recycling Board Published Autumn Strong
GIS mapping of London's assessment 5.18, 5.19 (LWARB) 2010 commitment
existing licensed waste
management sites
CC.23 Funding London's waste Investment 5.8, 5.16, London Waste and Recycling Board Funding until 2015 Dependent on
management 5.17 (LWARB) resources
infrastructure - funding
for large scale projects to
address shortfall in waste
treatment capacity
supported 2012 2018
CC.24 The Mayor's Municipal Strategy / 5.16, 5.17 GLA, boroughs Published November Statutory
Waste Management guidance 2011 requirement
Strategy - the Mayor's
polices and proposals for
the management of
London's municipal waste
(household and business
waste collected by local
authorities)

CC.25 The Mayor’s Business Strategy / 5.16, 5.17, GLA, businesses Published November Strong
Waste Strategy - for guidance 5.18, 5.19 2011 commitment
commercial & industrial
and construction,
demolition & excavation
waste collected by waste
Page 97 of 107
operators under private

contracts with businesses
CC.26 Waste Development Strategy / 5.16, 5.17 Boroughs, some jointly via area Statutory
Plan Documents - guidance waste authorities requirement
policies and sites for
waste management at
borough level
CC.27 Site Waste Management Strategy / 5.18 Developers Statutory
Plans - sustainable waste guidance requirement
management and disposal
at site level
CC.28 Licensing of Strategy / 5.16, 5.19 Environment Agency through Statutory
commercial/ industrial, guidance regulation requirement
municipal, construction,
demolition and
excavation waste sites
CC.29 Hazardous Waste Strategy / 5.19 GLA, Environment Agency Strong
Strategy – to identify the guidance commitment
need for and gaps in
hazardous waste
management capacity
supported 2012 2018
CC.30 London Aggregates Partnership 5.20 Mayor/GLA, boroughs, aggregates Government funding Dependent on
Working Party (LAWP) - industry, developers ceased in April 2011 Government
advice to Mayor, boroughs decision /
and government on guidance /
minerals planning in resources
London
CC.31 London Brownfield Land Strategy / 5.21 Environment Agency, GLA, Strong
Forum – to help guide guidance boroughs, industry commitment
London boroughs and depending on

industry to strategically resources
assess and deliver
brownfield land clean up
(remediation)
CC.32 Hazardous Installations Strategy / 5.22 GLA 2013 Dependent on
SPG – guidance on the guidance resources
Page 98 of 107
process to follow to
determine development
proposals potentially
affected by hazardous
installations
LONDON'S TRANSPORT
Transport capacity and connectivity
TR.1 The Mayor's Transport Strategy / 5.8, 6.1, TfL, GLA Summer 2010 - Statutory
Strategy - the transport guidance 6.11 regular review requirement
component of the Mayor's
strategic policy framework
TR.2 Sub-regional Transport Strategy / 6.1, 2.5, TfL, sub-regional partnerships, Regular updates Strong
Plans - five year plans, guidance 6.4 boroughs commitment
translate MTS into sub-
regional priorities
TR.2A Local Implementation Strategy / 6.2, 6.9, Boroughs Statutory
Plans - delivering the guidance 6.10, 6.11, requirement
MTS through borough 6.12, 7.14
initiatives
supported 2012 2018
TR.3 Negotiation with Partnership 6.2 Boroughs, developers, TfL Dependent on
developers - to safeguard resources
land for transport
schemes
TR.4 Transport Assessments Research / 6.3 Developers, boroughs, TfL Statutory
- in line with Best Practice assessment requirement
Guidance
TR.5 Travel Plans - in line with Action plan / 6.3 Developers, boroughs, TfL Statutory
Guidance for Workplace designations requirement

and Residential Travel
Planning
TR.6 Olympic Legacy Action plan / 6.3, 2.4 TfL, GLA, boroughs, Olympic Park Published March Strong
Transport Action Plan – designations Legacy Company, developers 2012 commitment
to maximise the
effectiveness of Olympics
Page 99 of 107
transport investments,
includes behavioural
change, effective
operational planning as
well as provision of new
infrastructure
Public transport
TR.7 Major public transport Investment 6.4, 2.8 TfL, Government, train operating See Table 6.1 Dependent on
schemes - listed in Table companies (TOCs), funding through resources
6.3 of London Plan, DfT, Network Rail and TfL
including connectivity of
outer London
TR.8 Crossrail s106/CIL SPG - Strategy / 6.5, 8.2, Mayor/TfL in consultation with 2013 Strong
provides guidance on guidance 8.3 boroughs and developers commitment
funding and replaces SPG
from 2010
TR.9 Bus/tram schemes - Investment 6.7 TfL, boroughs, funding through TfL Varies - see Table Dependent on
listed in Table 6.3 London 6.1 - buses ongoing, resources
Plan - including bus trams post 2020
network development
supported 2012 2018
TR.10 Feasibility study on Research / 6.8 TfL, boroughs, developers Completed in 2012 Strong
coach hubs - to reduce assessment commitment
travel from/to Victoria
Coach Station
Cycling and walking
TR.11 Cycling Schemes - listed Investment 6.9, 4.5 TfL, boroughs, funding through TfL Varies - see Table Dependent on
in Table 6.1 of London 6.1 – Superhighways resources
Plan - including expansion until at least 2015

of Cycle Hire scheme and
Cycle Superhighways
trials
TR.12 Walking schemes - Investment 6.10, 4.5 TfL, boroughs, funding through TfL Varies - see Table Dependent on
listed in Table 6.3 of 6.1 resources
London Plan - including
initiatives such as 'Better
Page 100 of 107
Street', '10,000 Street

Trees' and 'Legible
London'
Road traffic and parking
TR.14 Road schemes - listed in Investment 6.12 TfL Varies - see Table Dependent on
Table 6.3 of London Plan. 6.1 resources
TR.15 Parking standards - Strategy / 6.13 Boroughs, developers Strong
defined number of spaces guidance commitment
for land uses
TR.16 Public Transport Strategy / 6.13 TfL Strong
Accessibility Levels - guidance commitment
public transport access
mapping facility
Freight
TR.17 Best Practice Freight Strategy / 6.14, 6.3, TfL, boroughs Published August Dependent on
Planning Guidance - guidance 7.26 2007 resources
includes Construction
Logistics Plans and
Delivery & Servicing Plans
– in line with MTS and
London Freight Plan
supported 2012 2018
LONDON'S LIVING PLACES AND SPACES
High-quality built environment
PS.1 Shaping Strategy / 7.1, 7.3, GLA 2013 Dependent on
Neighbourhoods – guidance 7.4, 7.5, resources
Understanding Place 7.7
SPG - provides guidance
to boroughs, developers
and communities on

understanding the
character of their areas
and how it can inform a
strategy for the future
PS.2 Shaping Strategy / 7.1, 3.1, GLA 2013 Dependent on
Neighbourhoods – guidance 3.2, 3.16- resources
Page 101 of 107
Lifetime 3.19
Neighbourhoods and
Neighbourhood
Planning SPG - to
provide guidance on the
implementation of the LTN
principles
PS.2 Characterisation Studies Research / 7.1, 7.3, Boroughs, developers 2015 Dependent on
- evidence to underpin assessment 7.4, 7.5, technical
amongst others local 7.7 expertise / data
neighbourhood strategies
and decisions on
appropriate balance
between security and
permeability in different
areas
PS.3 Local Infrastructure Strategy / 3.1, 7.1 Boroughs, social and physical Dependent on
Plans - setting out new guidance infrastructure providers technical
infrastructure priorities to expertise / data
meet needs of existing
and new communities
supported 2012 2018
PS.4 Accessible London SPG Strategy / 7.2 GLA, boroughs, developers, Access 2013 Strong
- update - provides guidance Forums, deaf and disabled people's commitment
guidance to boroughs on organisations (DDPOs)
implementing the
principles of inclusive
design and achieving an
inclusive environment.
Advice to form part of the
Shaping Neighbourhoods

SPG
Heritage
PS.5 World Heritage Site Action plan / 7.8, 7.10 WHS Steering Groups, GLA, 2013 Dependent on
Management Plans - designations relevant boroughs, Historic Royal individual
provides guidance to Palaces, English Heritage circumstances
manage development to
Page 102 of 107
ensure the protection of its

Outstanding Universal
Value
PS.6 World Heritage Sites - Action plan / 7.8, 7.10 GLA, English Heritage Published March Strong
Defining Settings SPG - designations 2012 Commitment
Guidance for boroughs
and others to help define
the settings of WHS to
comply with government
guidance
PS.7 London View Strategy / 7.8, 7.11 GLA, English Heritage Published March Strong
Management Framework guidance 2012 Commitment
SPG - provide guidance
for the protection and
enhancement of strategic
views across London
supported 2012 2018
PS.8 Conservation Area Action plan / 7.8 Boroughs, English Heritage Ongoing Dependent on
Management Plans - designations resources
provides guidance for the
protections and
management of areas of
special architectural or
historic interest
PS.9 Heritage Designations - Strategy / 7.8 Boroughs, English Heritage Ongoing Strong
listed buildings, historic guidance commitment

parks and gardens, TPOs,
memorials, schedule
ancient monuments
Safety, air and noise pollution
PS.10 London Strategic Strategy / 7.13 London Resilience Partnership Strong
Emergency Plan - Sets guidance commitment
Page 103 of 107
out the strategic regional

response of the agencies
that make up the London
Resilience Partnership to
incidents requiring multi-
agency co-ordination on a
pan-London basis
PS.11 Control of dust and Strategy / 7.14 GLA, London Councils 2013 Strong
emissions during guidance commitment
construction SPG -
provide guidance on
implementation re dust
and emissions
PS.12 Mayor's Air Quality Strategy / 7.14 GLA 2010 Strong
Strategy - provides guidance commitment
guidance on air quality
neutral development and
offsetting mechanism
supported 2012 2018
PS.13 Borough Supplementary Strategy / 7.14 Boroughs Dependent on
Planning Documents guidance local
(SPDs) - to embed air commitment
quality issues in planning
processes and transport
schemes
PS.14 Quiet areas and areas of Action plan / 7.15 Boroughs, Government By 2015 Dependent on
relative tranquillity - designations local
identification and commitment

incorporation in local open
space strategies and
informing local transport
programmes
Open and natural environment
PS.15 Policy Designations for Designations 7.16, 7.17 Boroughs Strong
Page 104 of 107
Green Belt and commitment

Metropolitan Open Land
(MOL) - implementation
through borough local
plans
PS.16 Mayor's Manifesto for Action plan / 2.18, 6.10, GLA Projects ongoing to Strong
Public Space 'London's designations 7.5, 7.18, 2015 commitment
Great Outdoors' - 7.19, 7.21,
including practical steps 7.28
towards the provision of
'Better Streets' and 'Better
Green and Water Spaces'
PS.17 Open Space Strategies - Research / 2.18, 3.6, Boroughs, GLA, London Parks and 2013 Strong
audit and needs assessment 7.18 Green Space Forum (LPGSF) commitment
assessments to identify
open space deficiencies
and mechanisms for
improving access to high
quality open space,
including play spaces;
links to All London Green
Grid area frameworks
supported 2012 2018
PS.17 Pocket Parks Investment 2.18, 7.18 Boroughs, GLA, other greenspace Ongoing to March
Investment Fund – managers, community groups 2015
supporting
creation/improvement of
100 pocket parks through
competitive process
PS.18 'Sowing the Seeds' Strategy / 3.6, 7.18, London Sustainable Development Strong
report' - Support the guidance 7.19 Commission, GLA commitment
report's planning

related recommendations
PS.19 Sites of Importance for Action plan / 7.19 London Wildlife Board, GLA, Strong
Nature Conservation - designations boroughs, Natural England commitment
identify, review and
monitor Biodiversity Action
Plan targets
Page 105 of 107
PS.20 Habitat Regulation Research / 7.19 GLA, boroughs, Natural England, Statutory
Assessments - for assessment developers requirement
appropriate Opportunity
Area Planning
Frameworks (OAPFs) and
Areas of Intensification
(AoIs)
PS.21 Foundation SPG – site Action plan / 7.20 London Geodiversity Partnership - SPG: Published
designation and evidence, designations led by Natural England, with GLA, March 2012, GAP:
Geodiversity Action boroughs, British Geology Society Until 2013
Plan to assist in
understanding and
protection of designated
sites
PS.22 Mayor's Trees initiative Investment 5.9, 7.21 GLA, Forestry Commission Ongoing to 2015 Strong
– increasing street tree commitment
cover
PS.23 Regional Forestry Strategy / 7.21 Forestry Commission By 2015 Dependent on
Framework - revision to guidance resources
reflect recent Mayoral
priorities for street trees
supported 2012 2018
PS.24 Trees and Woodlands Strategy / 7.21 GLA, Forestry Commission Published July 2012 Dependent on
SPG - guidance on guidance resources
preparation of Borough
Tree strategies
PS.25 Implementation of Food Strategy / 7.22 GLA, London Food Board, boroughs Ongoing to 2012 Strong
Strategy - revision of guidance commitment
implementation plan
PS.26 Capital Growth - financial Investment 7.22 GLA, boroughs providing sites for 2,012 new growing Dependent on
support and advice voluntary groups spaces by 2012 individual

towards food growing circumstances
spaces
PS.27 Survey of current burial Research / 7.23 GLA March 2011 - every 5 Dependent on
space provision - to help assessment years resources
protect existing burial
spaces and promote new
Page 106 of 107
provision
Blue Ribbon Network
PS.28 Implement River Piers Strategy / 7.25 TfL, River Service Concordat Strong
Plan - provide additional guidance Group, boroughs, developers, Port commitment
piers where required to of London Authority
support river passenger
transport
PS.29 Investment in cruise Investment 7.25 Developers, boroughs, GLA, Port of 1 planning permission Strong
liner requirements - to London Authority granted in 2011 commitment
provide improved cruise
liner facilities
PS.30 Safeguarded Wharves Strategy / 7.26 GLA, TfL, Port of London Authority, Completion of review Strong
Review – water freight guidance Canal and Rivers Trust by early 2013, commitment
demand forecast and reviews every 5 years
current capacity estimate,
assessment of all
safeguarded sites and
recommendation of
revised set of safeguarded
wharves to Government to
initiate required changes
to Safeguarding Directions
supported 2012 2018
PS.31 Investment in re- Investment 7.26 GLA, TfL, Port of London Authority, 3 by 2015 Dependent on
activating wharves - cargo operators, boroughs resources
bring currently vacant /
unused wharves into
operation for river freight
PS.32 Enjoying Water project - Research / 7.27 Environment Agency, boroughs Completion in 2011, Dependent on
regional study in London assessment annual reviews resources
and the South East to
explore need and

opportunities for water
related recreation
PS.33 Investment in boatyard Investment 7.27 GLA, Port of London Authority, river Need for at least one Dependent on
in London - identify, transport operators additional facility resources
promote and potentially
develop bespoke boatyard
Page 107 of 107
facilities in London to
address shortfall
PS.34 Maintain London Rivers Action plan / 7.28 Environment Agency, boroughs Dependent on
Action Plan - interactive designations resources
database of opportunities
for restoration projects
PS.35 Development/update of Action plan / 7.28, 7.29 Boroughs, existing partnerships Dependent on
Thames Strategies - designations (Hampton-Kew, Kew-Chelsea, East) local
tools to ensure commitment
coordinated action related
to the river and inform
local policy
IMPLEMENTATION, MONITORING AND REVIEW
MR.1 London Plan Strategy / 8.1, 8.4 GLA, Implementation Group Published Jan 2013, Strong
Implementation Plan guidance updated annually commitment
during summer
supported 2012 2018
MR.2 Annual Monitoring Research / 3.3, 4.2, Boroughs, GLA, LDD using borough Annually in early Statutory
Report (AMR) - includes assessment 8.1, 8.4 returns spring requirement
monitoring performance
against KPIs, housing
targets, office market
benchmarking and other
issues
MR.3 Implement Mayoral CIL Strategy / 8.3, 6.5 Mayor, Transport for London, Review of the Strong
in conjunction with London guidance boroughs and other London Mayor's CIL in 2014, commitment

boroughs - publish stakeholders then every 2 years
guidance for boroughs
and others on application
of the CIL.
MR.4 Guidance on the Strategy / 8.2, 8.3 GLA Dependent on
preparation of guidance Government
Page 108 of 107
frameworks for decision /

negotiations on guidance
planning obligations -
reflecting Mayor’s
strategic priorities, also
intention to develop with
the boroughs a voluntary
system of pooling
contributions
ANNEX 2
AC R O N Y M S A N D
AB B R E V I AT I O N S
ANNEX 2:
ACRONYMS AND
ABBREVIATIONS
AMR Annual Monitoring Report
ALGG All London Green Grid
BAP Biodiversity Action Plan
BID Business Improvement District
BPG Best Practice Guidance
CAZ Central Activities Zone
CBI Confederation of British Industry
CCMES Climate Change Mitigation and Energy Strategy (GLA)
CDE Construction, Demolition and Excavation [waste]
CHP Combined Heat and Power
C/I Commercial and Industrial [waste]
CIL Community Infrastructure Levy
CLG Communities and Local Government
CSR Comprehensive Spending Review
DDPO Deaf and Disabled Peoples' Organisation
DE Decentralised Energy
DECC Department for Energy and Climate Change
DEPDU Decentralised Energy Programme Delivery Unit
DLR Docklands Light Railway
DNO Distribution Network Operator
DPD Development Plan Document
EiP Examination in Public
ERDF European Regional Development Fund
ESCO Energy Service Company
GIGL Greenspace Information for Greater London
GOL Government Office for London
HCA Housing and Communities Agency
HEI Higher Education Institution
HIA Health Impact Assessment
HIP Housing Improvement Programme
HRA Habitats Regulation Assessment
HSE Health and Safety Executive
HUDU Healthy Urban Development Unit (NHS)
IAPF Intensification Area Planning Framework
IDP Infrastructure Delivery Plan
IRF Inter-regional Forum
Page 110 of 112

LAWP London Aggregates Working Party

LB London Borough
LEGGI London Energy and Greenhouse Gas Inventory
LEINS London’s Environmental Infrastructure Needs Study (Environment Agency)
LEP Local Enterprise Partnership
LFEPA London Fire & Emergency Planning Authority
LFB London Fire Brigade
LIP Local Implementation Plan
LUCID Application to the Intelligent Development of Cities
LWARB London Waste and Recycling Board
MOL Metropolitan Open Land
MPA Metropolitan Police Authority
MPS Metropolitan Police Service
MSW Municipal Solid Waste
MTS Mayor's Transport Strategy
NPPF National Planning Policy Framework
OAPF Opportunity Area Planning Framework
ODA Olympic Delivery Authority
OFWAT Water Services Regulation Authority
OPLC Olympic Park Legacy Company
PADHI Planning Advice for Development Near Hazardous Installations
PCT Primary Care Trust
PLA Port of London Authority
PPS Planning Policy Statement
RSL Registered Social Landlords
SIL Strategic Industrial Location
SOLDC Strategic Outer London Development Centre
SPD Supplementary Planning Document (Boroughs)
SPG Supplementary Planning Guidance
STW Sewage Treatment Works
TE2100 Thames Estuary 2100 project
TIF Tax Increment Finance
TOC Train Operating Company
VNEB Vauxhall, Nine Elms, Battersea
WHS World Heritage Site
WRMP Water Resource Management Plan
WRZ Water Resource Zone
Page 111 of 112

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LON D ON P LAN

LONDON PLAN 2011

Copies of this report are available from

2 IMPLEMENTATION ACTIONS FOR THE LONDON PLAN 8

3 PROVISION OF STRATEGIC INFRASTRUCTURE 13

LONDON’S OVERALL INFRASTRUCTURE NEEDS 15

5 CONCLUSIONS AND LOOKING AHEAD 72

ANNEX 1 SUMMARY OF KEY IMPLEMENTATION ACTIONS 77

ANNEX 2 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS 109

Planning Policy Framework, which

1.3 The Implementation Plan is intended to: “The Mayor produces an

1.4 The importance of these issues is 1

b) assist in providing the Mayor with  Opportunity Area/Intensification Area

1.12 The Implementation Group is chaired

1.13 As the current focus is on strategic

London Plan Implementation

 Supplementary Planning Guidance

 Borough development plan

output across London, and the office, organisations). He recognises the

 Geographic: Local Strategic 2.9 This Implementation Plan highlights for

 London Planning Statement (to  Opportunity and Intensification Area

and others to ensure the evidence Investment

The structure set out below illustrates a

more/new information becoming 3.6 These trends will mean an increased

funded through local authorities 10. The

Table 1: Comparison of infrastructure

Source: Mayoral CIL – Draft Charging Schedule

National London First GLA Draft

Table 2: Borough-based estimates of of £75 billion may be a reasonable

TRANSPORT 37 per cent over the same period. This

b) Transport infrastructure need

3.24 To ensure this growth is accommodated

Figure 1: Tube and DLR crowding, 2031

Figure 2: Rail crowding, 2031

Figure 3: Highway congestion, average vehicle delay, 2031

c) Transport infrastructure Thameslink upgrade (both due for

network, electric vehicle infrastructure Requirements of importance to other

continues to address the key challenges WATER

3.39 We are facing increasing pressure on

3.41 Water companies have a duty to

Figure 4: Water resources surplus – deficit forecasts

Source: Environment Agency

c) Water supply infrastructure capacity of the reservoir’s treatment

3.44 Thames Water’s preferred programme of

3.45 Sutton and East Surrey Water is

Table 3: Thames Water’s programme for London (2010 to 2035)

Source: Thames Water, final WRMP(2010 – 2035)

Figure 5: Water resources surplus – deficit forecasts

Source: Environment Agency

d) Water supply infrastructure WASTEWATER TREATMENT

b) Wastewater infrastructure need increase in the frequency of pollution

Figure 6: Ecological status/potential of river water bodies in Greater London under

Source: Environment Agency

b) Wastewater infrastructure pumping station, which is currently

management of flooding from surface flooding due to the presence flood

Source: Environment Agency

3.65 We have a good understanding of flood storage and drainage measures to

means. In addition, the amount of spend on Environment Agency flood risk

d) Flood risk management