8 VI June 2020

http://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2020.6357
 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.429
Volume 8 Issue VI June 2020- Available at www.ijraset.com

IOT based Crop Monitoring System

R. Laxmi Prasanna1, Sanjay Dubey2
1
PG Student, Padmasri Dr. B.V Raju Institute of technology, Narsapur, Medak.
2
Professor, Padmasri Dr. B.V Raju Institute of technology, Narsapur, Medak.

Abstract: The main backbone of India is Agriculture. There are many aspects that influence the yield of the crop. The major
aspects that impact are soil moisture, weather conditions and proper maintenance and fencing to the field. If the fencing is not
done properly, the probability of the field getting attacked by animal is more. In order to avoid the above situation, we are
implementing PIR sensor for detection of movements and accordingly there would be a buzzer sound when the movement is
detected. Along with this, we monitor the soil moisture level by which motor get on and off accordingly. There are few
circumstances in which the crop gets hold of fire when it is ripe totally. To overcome this dangerous situation, we have
implemented flame sensor along with GSM module to send alert message to the respective person when the crop gets hold of fire.
Keywords: Scientech IOT gateway, PIR, Soil moisture, Fire Sensor, GSM module.

I. INTRODUCTION
In INDIA, the farming is done in old methods. Most of the farming and agriculture activities are done based on predictions which
does not give the expected output. Due to this, the farmers will have to bear more losses and sometimes they take away their lives
by suicide. To increase the growth of crops many factors should be monitored such as soil moisture and fencing and these cannot be
ignored.
In order to avoid the loss in agriculture sector, we come up with an idea of IOT based crop monitoring system. This system provides
an easy way of monitoring the crop which is easily affordable for every farmer and avoids hazardous situation because there is
probability for a person to get shock while operating the motor. In overall sense, we strive to reduce the risk of losing the crop from
hands and avert loss of life.

II. EXISTED METHOD

Aneith Kumar [1] proposes an Automatic Irrigation and Fire Detection System. This paper is mainly focused on water problem and
fire accident in the agriculture land. Three types of sensors they are soil moisture sensor, Humidity and Fire detection sensor. Each
sensor takes into account the different parameters of the soil.
The whole sensor circuits are interfaced with microcontroller MSP430.
Vikhram. B [2] proposed the Animal Detection System in Farm areas. The main aim of this project is to protect the crops from
damaged caused by animal as well as divert the animal without any harm. Animal Detection System is used to detect the presence of
animal and offer a warning. In this project we are used PIR and ultrasonic sensors to detect the movement of the animal and send
signal to the controller. It diverts the animal by providing sound and signal further, this signal is transmitted to GSM and which
gives an alert to farmers.
Rameshbabu.R [3] proposed Smart Crop Protection System with Image Capture over IOT. The main aim of this project is to protect
the crop from damage caused by animals. The camera continuously monitors the fields. If any animal is found, it provides the real-
time image of the field over the internet.
Which can be viewed by using web browser on devices like computer mobile and also it alerts the surrounding people through the
buzzer sound. The whole sensor circuits are interfaced with raspberry pi.
S.Srinath [4] proposed GSM based Automatic Irrigation Control System. This system is smart irrigation techniques using internet of
things (IOT). In this system sensors are placed in the agriculture field, measures the soil moisture value, water level in the tank and
well-water through mobile data communication network. The web servers use intelligent software to analyze the data and act
according to the result obtained to perform desired action.
Devendra. S [5] proposed Automated Irrigation System using Wireless Sensor Network. The system supports water management
decision, used for monitoring the whole system using GSM module. The system continuously monitors the water level in the tank
and provide accurate amount of water required for plant or crop. The system checks the temperature and humidity of soil to retain
the nutrient composition of the soil managed for growth of plant.

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 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.429
Volume 8 Issue VI June 2020- Available at www.ijraset.com

III. PROPOSED METHOD

In the proposed system, IOT based crop monitoring system is done where sensors are used to collect all the information in the
agriculture field. In our proposed work, three sensors are used such as soil moisture, PIR and Flame sensor. The three sensors are
connected to the IOT gateway. Also, the data is stored in the cloud by using IOT server. This project mainly works on serial
communication between arduino nano and raspberry pi. The below diagram shows the IOT based crop monitoring system.

Fig: IOT based crop protection system

A. IOT Gateway

Fig: IOT Gateway

Scientech which is an Industrial sensor Gateway with powerful OS embedded Linux/Windows in it and it also supports wireless
Zigbee, Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), 6LoWPAN & IEEE 802.15.4 MAC to communicate with Sensors Network and other end
reliable communication channels Wi-Fi, Ethernet, GSM to connect the cloud and it can also be used as stand-alone private cloud
server by running MQTT Broker and local Database with small feature and rich Web servers. Arduino nano, Raspberry pi 3B+ and
GSM are present in the IOT Gateway. It runs directly on 230V AC, so no need to add any regulator circuit to the system. There are
multiple options by which you can communicate with the gateway, such as Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, GSM, and Ethernet. The gateway has
external connectors available for Ethernet, USB, HDMI output, and Sensors. There are Five Connectors available for sensors in the
gateway and each connector is name uniquely in alphabetical manner they are A, B, C, D, E. 8 Analog Inputs, 7 Digital
Inputs/Output pins are available for sensor connections. The pin connection is also shown in below Table.

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 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.429
Volume 8 Issue VI June 2020- Available at www.ijraset.com

Fig: Pin connection

B. PIR Sensor

Fig: PIR sensor

Passive Infrared Sensor (PIR) is an electronic sensor that is used to measures infrared light radiating from objects in its field of
view. It is a motion detector. PIR sensor is used to detect the movement of animals are present in the crop. If any animal is detected,
it produces the buzzer sound without any harm to the animals. The PIR sensor detection range around 20feet (6 meters) and the
detection angle should be 120 degrees. The frequency range of buzzer sound should be 15-22 kHz.

Fig: Hearing Range

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 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.429
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C. Soil Moisture Sensor

Fig: Soil moisture sensor

Soil moisture sensor is one of the important parameters used in automatic irrigation systems in the current scenario. The soil
moisture sensors are usually placed in the soil below the crops. The sensor is used to measure the moisture level of the soil. When
the soil is having low moisture level, the module output is at high level (motor is on), else the output is at low level (motor is off).

D. Flame Sensor

Fig: Flame Sensor

Flame sensor is used to detecting heat. When there is a presence of high temperatures, the device gets activated and gives the
appropriated output. The output may be either buzzer sound or it will send the message signal to the farmer by using GSM module.
Flame sensor is used to detect the source of the wavelength in the range of 760nm-1100nm and the detection angle should be 60
degrees.
IV. FLOW DIAGRAM

Fig: flow chart

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 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.429
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1) STAGE1 Assign analog pin A2 to soil moisture sensor. Assign digital pin D4 to PIR and Assign digital pin D2 to flame sensor.
2) STAGE 2 define and initialize all sensor value to 0 i.e. int Sensor Value=0
3) STAGE 3 Read SensorPin and store value in Sensorvalue variable
4) STAGE 4 if sensor value is greater than 65, the motor is off. If the sensor value is less than 65, the motor is on
5) STAGE5 if the sensor value is high, buzzer will be on. If the sensor value is less, buzzer will be off.
6) STAGE6 if the sensor value is high, the message will be sent to the user by using GSM module. If the sensor value is less, the
message will not send to the user.
7) STAGE7 serial communicate between arduino nano and raspberry pi by using serial port
8) STAGE8 if any trace back error is occurred in the python shell again go to the arduino code and change the program and the
process is continuous. If there is no trace back error in the python shell, the data is stored in the cloud.

V. RESULT

Fig: Prototype of our project

Fig: the output is shown in serial monitor and mobile phone.

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 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.429
Volume 8 Issue VI June 2020- Available at www.ijraset.com

VI. FUTURE SCOPE

The future scope of this project could be including the camera for more secured for the crop by using image processing and the data
is send to the cloud, and also use mobile application and voice speaker. This would make the predicting and analysing processes
more accurate. It also includes making different data mining algorithms suitable for data analysis in agriculture.

VII. CONCLUSION
The main objective for creating this IOT based crop monitoring system is to make it more Innovative, user friendly and cost
effective than the existing systems. Measuring three parameters namely soil moisture, PIR and fire. The primary applications for this
project are for farmers and gardeners who do not have enough time to yield. This project will help farmers in protecting their yield.
The famers are facing major problems in their agriculture fields, because they have no proper idea about when the current situation.
The PIR sensor used to protect the field from animals and birds. PIR sensor is used to sense the animals and it gives the sound, So
that wild animals will not enter into the farm. It will run away. Moisture sensor is used to sense the moisture level of the plant/crop.
If the moisture level is found to be below the threshold level, and it produce the water through the motor. fir sensor is used to sense
the fire, when the fire is detected, The GSM module sends information to the farmer to know about the field condition. The farmers
can able to monitor the field conditions from anywhere.IOT builder helps in real time sampling of soil, PIR and fire and hence the
data acquired can be further used for analysing the crop. We have also taken many readings of the soil, PIR and fire for various days
at different times of the day. Data on the cloud also helps the agriculturists in improving the yield.

REFERENCES
[1] AneithKumar.S.B, S.MaryPraveena. “An Embedded Based Automatic Irrigation and Fire Detection System”, International Journal of Trend in Research and
Development, Volume 3(6), ISSN: 2394-9333, pp: 256-259.
[2] Vikhram.B, Revathi.B, Shanmugapriya.R, Sowmiya.S, Pragadeeswaran.G. “Animal Detection System in Farm Areas”, International Journal of Advanced
Research in Computer and Communication Engineering, ISO 3297:2007 certified, Vol. 6, Issue 3, March 2017, pp: 587-591.
[3] Dugyala Karthik, R. Ramesh Babu “Smart Crop Protection System with Image Capture over IOT” International Journal of Advanced Information Science and
Technology (IJAIST) ISSN: 2319:2682 Vol.6, No.11, November 2017.
[4] Pavithra D.M. S. Srinath “GSM based Automatic Irrigation Control System “for Efficient use of Resources and crop Planning by using an Android Mobile
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[5] Yogesh G. Gawali, Devendra S. Chaudhari, Hitendra C. Chaudhari “Automated Irrigation System using Wireless Sensor Network” International Journal of
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