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Lecture No 7

This document discusses ignition systems, including conventional (battery) ignition systems and magneto ignition systems. The conventional system uses a battery to power the ignition coil primary winding, while the magneto system replaces the coil with a generator to produce voltage without a battery. The key components of a conventional system are the ignition coil, distributor, breaker points, condenser, and spark plug. When the points open and close, the collapsing magnetic field generates high voltage in the secondary coil to create a spark at the plug. Magneto systems do not require a battery but produce poorer sparks at low speeds, making engine starting more difficult.

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114 views3 pages

Lecture No 7

This document discusses ignition systems, including conventional (battery) ignition systems and magneto ignition systems. The conventional system uses a battery to power the ignition coil primary winding, while the magneto system replaces the coil with a generator to produce voltage without a battery. The key components of a conventional system are the ignition coil, distributor, breaker points, condenser, and spark plug. When the points open and close, the collapsing magnetic field generates high voltage in the secondary coil to create a spark at the plug. Magneto systems do not require a battery but produce poorer sparks at low speeds, making engine starting more difficult.

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Lecture No: 7 (IGNITION)

7.1 INTRODUCTION
Ignition is merely prerequisite of combustion and is considered from the
stand point of the beginning of the combustion process that it initiates.
Ignition has no degree: either the combustion of the medium is initiated or it
is not. Ignition process is intimately connected with the initiation of
combustion and not with behavior of the combustion wave. The ignition
process must add necessary energy for starting and sustaining burning of the
fuel till combustion take place.

7.2 BASIC IGNITION SYSTEMS


The basic ignition systems in use are:
1. Conventional (Battery) ignition system.
2. Magneto ignition system.
3. Electronic ignition system.
Battery and magneto ignition systems differ only in the source of electrical
and all other system component being similar.

7.2.1 Conventional (Battery) Ignition System (C.I.S.)


The essential elements of a battery ignition system are shown in fig.(7.). they
are battery, ignition switch, ignition coil, battery resistor, distributor housing,
the breaker points, cam, condenser, rotor, and advance mechanism, spark
plug, and low and high tension wiring.
(1) The coil: The ignition coil consists of two coils one primary and the
other secondary. The primary winding is connected to the battery through an
ignition switch and the contact breaker. The secondary winding is connected
to spark plugs through the distributor. A typical ignition coil has 100-200

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number of turns in primary winding and about 20,000 turns in the secondary
winding.
(2) The resistor or ballast: a resistor is provided in series with the primary
winding to regulate primary current. For starting purposes this resistor is by
passed so that more current can flow in the primary circuit.
(3) The condenser: the purpose of the condenser is to interrupt the primary
current as quickly as possible and so cause a rapid collapse of the flux field.
(4) The cam: a cam rotating at camshaft speed operates breaker points and
causes the breaker points to open and close. When the ignition switch is on
and the breaker points are closed, current flows from the battery, through the
primary winding and builds up a magnetic field. In the growing process, the
magnetic field cuts the primary winding and induced a back e.m.f. which a
poises the battery current and therefore delays the building process of the
field itself. Thus time (A,B,C) is required to obtain max current and field
strength. During the interval of time (AC), the distributor rotor is revolving
and approaching a terminal leading to a spark plug. When the points open,
the magnetic field collapse with consequent flow of (primary and secondary
winding) that charges the capacitance of the two circuits. The voltage raises
at the spark plug until it reaches the value that cam breakdown the sparkplug
CD. Once the high resistance of the air-gap is overcome and reduced by
ionization, the voltage falls as the arc is established. Most electrical energy
stored in the magnetic field is dissipated to initiate combustion. When the
point open, the field strength falls sharply while the condenser is charging
(CE) and discharging (EF).
Advantage of conventional ignition system
1. Simple to maintenance. 2. Its suitable for low and medium speed
3. Inexpensive

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7.2.2 Magneto Ignition System (M.I.S.)
Magneto is a special type of electric generator. It’s mounted on the engine
and replaces all the components of the coil ignition system except the spark
plug. A magneto when rotating by the engine is capable of producing very
high voltage and does not need a battery as a source of external energy.
Fig.(7.) shows the schematic diagram of magneto ignition system.
Its does not require a battery, its used in many air graft engines for racing
and industrial engine. In this design the distributor finger is replaced by
carbon brash and secondary winding is moved to location near or at spark
plug. When the beaker points are open and closed with the cam, primary
current in the primary winding is produced which causes high voltage in the
secondary circuit.

Table of comparison between Conventional ignition system and Magneto


ignition system

Conventional ignition system Magneto ignition system


1. Battery is required the engine can 1. No battery is needed and hence no
not start when battery is discharge. problem of battery discharges.
2. Primary current from the battery. 2. Primary current from the magnetic.
3. Good spark at low speed. 3. Spark is poor at low speed and
4. Starting of engine is easier. auxiliary help may be required.
5. Occupies more space. 4. Engine starting is rather difficult.
6. Mostly employed in petrol cars and 5. Occupies less space.
buses. 6.Used in motor cycles and racing cars.

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