Quality Form: Dr. Cesar A. Villariba Research and Knowledge Management Institute

Document Code: DCAVRKMI-F-PSP
MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION

Lucena City Document Title: Project Study Proposal
An Autonomous University Page No.: Page 1 of 52
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DR. CESAR A. VILLARIBA RESEARCH AND Effectivity Date: August 2019
KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE Prepared by: DCAVRKMI
Reviewed by: QMR
QUALITY FORM Approved by: President
A Design of Hydro-Electric Generator Power System
A Project Study
Presented to the Faculty of the
College of Engineering
Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation
Lucena City
In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree
Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering
By:
Abustan, Daniella May B.
Josue, Jernel M.
Lingon, Jan Allyn L.
Luna, Chester S.
November 2019
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1. Introduction
1.1. Background of the Study
Electricity is one of the important need to human lives nowadays. It is a form of
energy that is easy to use, and can be used in boundless application. Our society has been
dependent on the use of electricity to power their homes and run businesses. Due to the
massive increase of population the electricity usage consumption in the Philippines
climbed by 5.7 percent to 99,765 gigawatt hours (GWh) in 2018, [1] Among the three
regions in the country, power used reached 73,502 GWh in Luzon; 13,491 GWh in
Visayas and 12, 769 GWh in Mindanao
These days people are so eager to try a reliable, adequate and at the same time eco-
friendly alternative source of electricity. Hydro-electricity is a good example of an
alternative source. . The use of water power goes back to ancient times. It has been
developed to a very high degree, but now plays a second role because of the emphasis
placed on other power sources.
Hydroelectric power absorbs the energy that released from falling water. In the
simplest terms, water falls due to gravity, which contributes to the conversion of kinetic
energy into mechanical energy, which can be transformed into a useful form of electrical
energy. In the year 1882, Hydro - power refers to the technology involved in converting
the pressure energy and kinetic energy of water into more easily used electric energy. The
prime mover in the case of hydro-power is a water wheel or hydraulic turbine which
transforms the energy of the water into mechanical energy. Among renewable energy,
hydro topped the list at 3,701 MW in the Philippines. It is fueled by water, so it's a clean
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fuel source, meaning it won't pollute the air like power plants that burn fossil fuels, such
as coal or natural gas.
Many pathways and hallways are having a lack of illumination. Manuel S. Enverga
University Foundation is known for having a big population of students. During night
time, most of them are having a hard time walking in the pathway. Even the pathway
going to that area is unsafe to walk during night time because it has a crack that the
student won’t even notice it because it is dark.
By using the water in the Banyuhay Lake as a source of water for the hydro-electric
generator, the researchers will make it possible to give light or proper illumination
through the pathway without adding additional load in the University.
This project aims to produce alternative source of energy using the water in banyuhay
lake. The researchers will be using a hydro-electric generator to produce energy for
lighting the pathway connecting OSA and CET 108. Technology is an effective way of
harvesting energy through the pressure energy and kinetic energy of water into more
easily used electric energy to make an effective lighting system installed in the pathway.
1.2. Objectives of the Study
The main objective of the study is to design and develop a Hydro-electric Generator
Power System.
1. To gather and analyze the data on Hydro-Electric Generator Power System.
2. To design and develop a Hydro-Electric Generator Power System.
3. To design a circuit of the designed Hydro-Electric Generator Power System.

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4. To fabricate a prototype of the designed Hydro-Electric Generator Power
System and the designed circuit.
5. To evaluate the prototype in terms of functionality and effectiveness.
1.3. Significance of the Study
This significance of the study focused on the hydro-electric generator power system
to generate electricity.
Institution
Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation will benefit by saving their energy
consumption for the additional lighting parameters installed in the pathway.
Students
The students of Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation. The beneficiaries will
feel safe walking through the pathways even at night.
Researchers.
This project study will help the researchers to acquire skills and knowledge about
building and design the prototype for improvement in the field of engineering.
This will also prepare the researcher for the actual job they will encounter in the
future.
Future Researcher.
It will serve as a reference material in conducting similar and related feasibility
study in order to familiarize the researchers to the different codes and
specifications that are related to Electrical Engineering.

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1.4. Scope and Limitations of the Study
The study was conducted in the Banyuhay Lake located at Manuel S. Enverga
University Foundation. This project study focuses on designing and production of
electricity using hydro-electric power generator system, specifically the system will be
using a water wheel converting the pressure energy and kinetic energy of water into
electricity, which will be used in lighting the pathway connecting OSA and CET 108. The
main scope of this study is the efficiency of the project in which will be tested through its
effectiveness and functionality.
For the limitations of this project; first, the light that will be installed in the said
pathway will only generate 8hrs a day. Second, the research does not specify lifetime
duration of when the design machine will retire. It needs a frequent maintenance for it to
prolong its life. Third, the research does not cover the supply of water in the Banyuhay
Lake.
1.5. Conceptual Framework
The research and development paradigm that was shown on fig. 1 acts as a guide
for the flow of the project study. The researchers must have the knowledge on the
application of hydro power, knowledge of materials and equipment to be used, PEC, and
information on renewable energy resources in order to be able to achieve with the ideal
output.
The project started in data gathering and analysis, the datas gathered are based on
books, internet and engineering manuals. This will serve as a guide to how the processes
will proceed. . After gathering the information, analyzing the gathered data takes place.
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In designing the project the water pressure converted into an electrical charge will
be an alternative source of energy in the design of the hydro-electric generator power
system that will illuminate a pathway connecting OSA and CET108. In designing the
prototype, the researchers will based on electrical principles.
In prototype fabrication, it is important to gather all materials needed in the prototype
and in this process where the researchers construct the parts of project to produce an
efficient project. The electrical circuits wiring installation practice will be of big help in
fabrication of the project.
In testing and evaluation, the researchers used a multi-tester to measure the output
value, and then collect all values and information through this it will help to improve the
prototype. The electrical circuit design is systematically studied and researched the select
the most effective and suitable circuit diagram for more effective and efficient project
design work out. The study will result a working project of hydro-electric generator
power system that give charge to the battery to supply energy for the pathway.
For additional research on the principles and theories were made such as the design of
electrical aspects as well as each components price and ratings. The electrical circuit
design is systematically studied and researched. Selecting of the most effective and
suitable circuit diagram for more effective and efficient prototype design worked out.
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Hydro-Electric
Data
Design and Prototype Testing & Generator
Gathering and
Development Fabrication Evaluation Power
Analysis
Fig. 1 Research & Development Paradigm System.
1.6. Definition of Terms
Battery 24v lead acid, 65Ah use to energize the system it is charge by brushed
permanent magnet DC motor.
Generator 150w, 24v, brushed permanent magnet dc motor. Use to convert
mechanical to electrical energy.
Illumination 5 sets of 5w compact fluorescent lamp
Inverter DC - AC modified sine wave. It converts the dc output of the 24v battery
to ac voltage to power the system.
Hydro-power is equals to the head distance times flow rate times the gravity
acceleration.
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Acronyms
CET College of Engineering Technology
DoE Department of Energy
OSA Office of Student Affairs
PEC Philippine Electrical Code

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2. Review of Literature and Related Studies
This section discusses the various authors ' sources and articles to help the entire
study. Additionally, the included information forms the basis for the conceptual
framework. This research is thus used to establish the credibility of researchers who play
a key role in this study and which are extracted from a number of books, guides, journals
and archives.
Hydroelectric Power
Hydropower is a source of renewable energy that generates electricity from liquid energy
flowing up and down. It is a proven, mature and cost-effective technology [1]. The most
important renewable sources include hydropower, biomass, geothermal, solar and wind.
In the last two decades, global electricity production has more than tripled and worldwide
demand has risen steadily with emerging economies rising economically. Hydropower
thus contributes greatly to the future world energy mix, especially in developing countries
[2] with its technical, economic and environmental benefits.
In this project study, the hydroelectric energy produce by the water wheel is used
for hydroelectric power system to operate. Therefore, the reviewed study and literature
mentioned above was related to the current study in the approach of developing a
prototype design as a basis for is liable evaluation.

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Hydro Power Technology Systems
Capacity and plants are two conditions for the identification of hydropower plants. The
first involves four dam systems, liquid flow, pumped storage, stream technology and new
vortex power technologies. Power class Micro and Pico are small, big.
Power Capacity and Head Classification
The head varies from the top to the bottom streams of water. Large head, medium
head and low head differ country by country, and no generally accepted measurements
are present [3]. For example, Reference [4] classified the low head below 10 m. The
calculated power in MW is therefore the distinguishing criterion for classes such as
micro-, small-and big-hydro-components. Micro-hydropower plants generate less than
100 kW of electricity [5], [6] of more than 100 kW, and of less than 1 MW of mini-
hydropower. It is also from a few hundred watts to 5 kW of pico-hydro [7].
Classification by Facility
Hydropower plants are often divided into three main categories in terms of service and
mode of flow. Transport, storage and pumping vary depending on the hydrology and
topography of the run-of-river [8]. In addition, the latest technology of gravitational
vortex is a fourth category called in-stream technology
Dammed reservoir technology; Dimmed rivers have produced fuel from the past over
4500 years [9]. The dam will reduce water flow fluctuations. The power stations are on or
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off the barracks connected to the dam via tunnels or pipelines [10]. The climate and
conditions of sites are the main determinants of the shape and structure of reservoirs and
river basins in many countries around the world where the reservoir is an artificial lake.
Another type of reservoir is found in geographies with mountain sites and many of the
lake's original properties are frequently maintained [3].
Fluvial technology river is a type of hydro-power station that produces power based on
the hydrological variations available at the plant [11]. The water flow of the river is used
by a method of generating hydropower [3]. No reservoir or lake has therefore been
created. Efficient and reliable investments are made in small hydro power plants because
construction takes a minimum time and small areas are used, local work and material use
and cost per kW in comparison to other power projects is low [12].
The Pumped storage technology pumped water from basic power plants into a upper
storage tank during peak hours. They then revert flow for electricity generation during the
daily maximum load. They are one of the most efficient energy storage technologies
available. The principle of water pumping back into the higher tank during peak hours
contributes to a net energy consumption for these plants: the power needed to pump water
up to the high tank is increased than when it floods down to the lower tank [3].
In-stream technology the construction of river or canal hydrokinetic turbines to generate
energy can enhance existing infrastructure such as weirs, reservoirs, and falls such
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function basically as a river flowing network. Inland waterways and free-flowing streams
can also use hydro-kinetic systems designed to take energy from tides and currents [13].
Gravity vortex plant is a device that utilizes vortex energy for electric power generation.
They call it Gravitational Water Vortax [14] is the main vortex with vertical axis of
rotation, the origin of the Rotational Symmetric and Stable vortex. A horizontal type of an
electrical hydro dam is the Gravitational Water Vortex Power Plant. The advantages of
using a vortex artificially induced above tidal water improve performance, decrease costs
and not just minimize adverse environmental consequences, but in turn increase the
stability and safety of the entire river. Vortex pool is a structure capable of forming a
gravity vortex flow. An alternative energy tool such a high speed liquid vortex flow can
be used [15].
Impulse Turbines
For the high head and low flow sites, [16] impulsive turbines are most efficient [17] for
situations where heads range from six feet to six hundred feet. The impulse turbine uses
the water speed to drive the runner and at atmospheric pressure, the water flows from the
floor of the turbine frame. This stream reaches the turbine as a jet, generating a kinetic
energy that produces power [18], in an open environment. In particular, these turbine
types are simple and cheap [19]. In many countries turgo, pelton and cross flow turbines
have become an acceptable alternative method for lower head micro sites [20].
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In 1920 the turbine was invented in Gilbert Gilkes Ltd. Turgo is widely used as high and
mid head turbines [4], the Turgo can cope with significantly higher water flow levels and
operate efficiently in lower head ranges because it can generate power through more
water at lower heads [21-23]. The rotational speed can therefore be increased [21-23] by
increasing the diameter of the wheel for a given diameter of the plane.
The double cupped paddles attached to the wheel in the Pelton turbine, mounted on
circumference of a runner, trigger a spinning force [17] at high levels of efficiency from
70% to 90% [25]. Water pumps from a nozzle jet strike at the wheel. Any or more free
jets have a Pelton wheel. For high head, low flow applications, Pelton turbines are
suitable [17]. Also for small hydro power projects, Pelton turbines can recently be used. A
single water jet is commonly used for small systems [21-23].
The Cross-flow turbine is a drum and a rectangular nozzle against curved vanes on a
cylindrical driver. The turbine is known as Ossberger turbine, developed by Ossberger
Co, [26]. The transversal turbine allows the water to flow twice through the blades.
Water flows from the outside of the blades into the interior during the first pass; the
second pass is from the inside of the blades. Such turbine types can be used both
horizontally and vertically. We may know that the water flow and the head are higher than
the Pelton [6] [24] [26] turbines.

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Reaction Turbines
Both low head and high flow rate reaction turbines have better output. They do not have
nozzles, the blades projected by radius are positioned and mounted on the periphery of
the ladder so that the spaces between the blades are shaped like nozzles [16],[24] in a
cross section. The combined stress and moving water power produce the reaction turbine
[16]. The performance of the reactive turbines is higher than that of the impulse turbines
at slow operating speed [9]. In the case of lower head, but higher water, reaction turbines
are generally preferred to turbines [10] [24].
The majority of reaction turbines are "propeller turbines," which show good performance,
flexibility and efficiency [27]. The Axial flow turbines are practical. A turbine has a
runner usually with three to six blades in which the water flows constantly strike. The
blade pitch would be adjustable or fixed [18], [24], [27]. A scroll frame, wicket ports and
a draft pipe [28] are the principal components besides the driver.
Four types of propeller turbines exist; the bulb turbine: the turbine is unit and the
generator is housed in air. Straflo: the generator is directly connected to the turbine
circumferential. Tube turbine: bending the penstock before or after the runner to connect
directly to the generator [18], [19]. In 1913, Kaplan engineered a variable pitch propeller
engine, which is the Kaplan turbine. The driver of this propeller turbine runner is
hydraulically similar except that the hub is different to a system for changing blades and
wicket gate angles [10], [28].

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A Francis turbine is used most often in hydropower [30] and has an internal variable
guide valve, radial or mixed radial / axial flow runner, which is most often mounted in a
spiral frame. Water is pumped over and around the runner and then sinks, allowing it to
rotate. The other main components are, in addition to the driver, a scroll box, a buggy
gate and a draft pipe [29], [31].
In the pumping mode, the liquid reaches the pump's suction side and is energized by a
spinning rotor, leaving the housing at a high pressure. While the Pump as turbine (PAT)
rotates reverse, the liquid is pushed through the impeller blade and into the shaft at a very
high pressure in the pump as well as release pressure and kinetic energy from the pump's
eye at a low pressure [32] [33]. The quality is up to 85% [34].
Liquid Flow Rate
The fluid speed is a calculation of the liquid size, which travels in a specified period of
time. The rate of flow depends on the area of the pipe or stream through which the fluid
travels and the liquid speed. Flow measurement methods other than positive flow meters
rely on forces generated by the moving fluid as a way of indirectly measuring flow by
overcoming a known constraint. Flow can be determined through the calculation of the
fluid velocity across a known area. Tracer techniques can be used for massive flows to
deduce the flow rate from a dye or radioisotope shift in concentration [45].
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For the waterway or river, the water flow level is Q= Ax V or Flow= Area x Velocity. In
order to reach the point, the condition is A= Depth of meter x Width in order to achieve
the velocity, some use a water impeller or use the coasting strategy physically. The
skimming technique is to accelerate an object into the water in a meter / second unit [46].
Components of Hydro-Electric Generator Power System
The main components for the fabrication of the hydro power system are as follows. It
comprises the following; turgo turbine which provides motion, which speeds up with
pinion when it is converted from mechanical to electric energy producing a DC power,
followed by a charging controller that transforms the output voltage into constant voltage
and tracks battery life from discharge and lastly, a dc to ac inverter that will provide the
final output power of the hydroelectric power system.
Turgo Turbine
A turbine from Turgo is a turbine type that was designed in the 1920s and that is a Pelton
turbine version. The main difference between a Pelton turbine and a Turgo Turbine is that
Turgo turbines do not use double cups on the wheel but use one cup [35]. The Turgo
turbine is a pulse turbine that can handle flow rates higher than those of Pelton. The
Turgo turbine has an advantage in dealing with large amounts of water when used in
hydropower plants with medium hydraulic head [35].
It is confirmed that Turgo turbines are reliable, robust and effective over a range of levels.
These typical applications are medium to high-level [42]. The Turgo turbine is classified
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as a Pelton-like wheel that is frequently used in pico-hydro systems. The two have high
efficiency for a wide variety of conditions at the site, but the major difference is that
turgo is capable of handling considerably more flow rates, ensuring efficient operation in
lower head ranges so that geographical viability may be improved [43].
The design concept of the researchers is that the water wheel will provide the
motion for the speed increasing transmission which then will be the trigger point for the
generator to start its operation. In general, the data gathered regarding water wheel helps
the researchers to identify the type, uses and functions of the wheel turbine.
Pico-Hydro Generator
Hydro Pico is a term used to generate less than 5 kW of hydroelectric power. These
generators have proven useful in small, remote communities needing just a little
electricity–for instance one or two fluorescent light bulbs and a TV or radio in about 50
households [36]. In a developing country with only one meter fall, even smaller turbines
of 200-300 W can power one building. In general, pi-hydro-configuration is run-of-flow,
which means that a water reservoir does not arise; only a small weir is normal, some flow
is redirected by pipes, it drops down a gradient and is drained into the stream through the
turbine [44]. The transmission distance may be an important consideration if the energy is
utilized more than 30 meters from the generator. Many small systems use 12 VDC
automotive alternators and possibly battery charging [36].
The motion of drivers cutting the stream clearly indicates that all generators are driven by
a mechanical source, usually referred to as the prime generator mover. A prime mover
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may be a flow generator or even a diesel engine. The model will be powered by an
electric motor close to the design research. As the motor runs, a spinning magnetic field
is generated, and the magnet drivers cut off the magnet flux [47].
Rotor is made with high quality steel, with field or excitement windings mounted within
the rotor spaces. The striking shaft generator is all the more widely used in small and
medium power reaches. The rotor windings are twisted from the middle of the rotor
around the posts. The generators of acceptance have a simple rotor form where aluminum
bar is thrown into a heap. The machine does indeed have attributes that suit wind
turbines, and in contrast to the small compact generators it also provides a minimum of
effort [48].
A logical model for the impact on the acceptance engine current stator of the moving
components with flaws. Handling issues are a major reason for frustration with riding. Its
identification can be seen by studying the concentrations of trademarks. Because other
device blames can be detected using the stator present, a similar technique for the
detection of faults is an exceptional intrigue [49].
Regular DC motors can be used as servomotors and are extremely profoundly competent
in their quality. The only downside, however, is that they need a commutator and
brushes that are prone to wear and need help. When the elements of the switch and the
brushes were carried out with strong state switches, it was detected by maintenance free
engines. Such motors are commonly referred to as brushless motors. In this section, we
will discuss the critical structures, drive circuits, basic requirements, unchangeable state
attributes and uses of brushless dc motors [50].

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The heart of a generator armature consists of soft steel, a substance conducting with a
desired magnetic property. Once rotated in a magnetic field, every conductor will have
caused currents. These currents, which are caused by eddy currents in the generator
core, are considered as losses because of the heat dissipation power. The resistance of the
material in which the flow is influenced is eddy currents, as with any other currents. The
resistance of any material to its cross-sectional area is inversely proportional [51].
Discusses that energy lost as heat in the winding of the generator in an armature is known
as copper loss; as current flows into a conductor, heat is produced. Copper loss is a loss
of power that increases with increasing power. The heat produced is also proportional to
the conductor's resistance. The driver's resistance ranges explicitly from length to section
to cross-section. Copper loss is minimized by the use of large wire in the strengthening of
the armature [51].
Hysteresis loss as a heat loss resulting from magnetic armature properties. If the core of
the armature is in a magnetic field, it tends to align its magnetic particles. The magnetic
field changes direction when the armature core is rotating. Molecular friction is generated
by the constant movement of the magnetic particles, which try to align with the magnetic
field. In addition, this generates heat. The energy is passed to the winding of the tube.
The heat increases the intensity of the armature [51].
The researchers have been notified that the electricity induction is also needed to
select wire turns, twist diameter and magnetic wire diameters. All power loss studies have
been noted, these losses are very critical because losses affect the circuit and the
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generator's output. In order to minimize losses, the researchers are well aware of all the
losses caused by the generator structure, including all those listed on the subject.
Charge Controller for DC Generator
Charge controllers, charging regulator or battery regulators regulate the rate of electrical
energy supply or removal. It avoids overloading and can avoid over voltage, which can
reduce battery performance or lifetime and pose a health risk. It can also prevent full
battery depletion and perform controlled discharges to preserve battery life, depending on
the battery technology [37]. Based on the features of the lead acid battery, a shunt charge
control unit is chosen for charging and discharge series. MOSFET's have been used to
adjust and will reduce the losses of switching. The charge controller was developed using
MATLAB and the system for loading and unloading the established load controller was
tested. In addition, by consideration of the well-maintained efficiency of batteries and
therefore the battery life time can be increased to a greater extent, a developed charging
controller is maintained within the SOC limits [37]. Furthermore the study of various
charging controllers was addressed and it can be shown that the proposed charge
controller improves performance and requires fewer switches in order to lower the system
cost. It is ideal for optimizing energy crises at an affordable level in rural areas [37].
Appropriate specifications for the intended functional circuit and principles
should first be determined in designing and choosing materials to meet the study design
criteria. The study cited above therefore assists the researchers in choosing the correct
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instruments to be used in the model. The battery is monitored, constant voltage is given
and a battery is controlled from discharge and over charging.
Battery
A battery, storage cell, secondary cell or accumulator, rechargeable, is an electric battery,
compared to a phone or the main battery which is fully charged and recharged after use,
can be load, discharged and recharged multiple times. It is made up of one or more
electrochemical cells. This study indicates that the generator power output must first be
stored in a battery. Some devices required deep cycle batteries to provide electricity over
long periods. Such batteries, usually lead to acids, are designed for 80% of their ability to
be discharged and recharged step-by-step [38]. Show that high-vital batteries can also
achieve high release rates, similar to those for super capacitors, by putting charge in the
bulk of a material. In LiFePO (4), a material with great lithium mobility, they understand
that by using controlled stoichiometry, a fast particle leading to the surface stage. A speed
of 10-20 s can be achieved in proportion to the complete battery release. The power of
high load and release electric vitality is an important technology for the general public
today, which is capable of empowering half and half electric cars and modules to cross
and provide breeze and sun-based vitality. It is typical for supercapacitors which
exchange high power and low density vitality as they store energy only in surface
adsorption responses of charged species on electrode materials are assisted in
electrochemical framework systems that produce high power levels [38].

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This study allows researchers to identify and choose the type of battery used in
the project study The study described above based on practical requirements such as low
cost, reliability and comfort, the researchers chose lead acid battery as energy storage.
Power Inverter
A mechanical electronic device or circuit is an inverter or power inverter that converts
direct current into alternating current. Every system or circuit design depends upon input
voltage, output voltage and frequency and overall power management. The inverter
generates no electricity, and the DC source supplies the energy [39]. Multi-step AC
waveform system is called the sinusoidal AC inverter. The manufacturers use the term
pure sine-wave inverter frequently to separate inverters from the modified sine-wave
inverter versions with outputs of much less distortion [40]. The modified sin wave output
of such an inverter is the sum of two square waves, one of which is 90 degree shifted
from the other. The result is three levels with the same zero volt levels; positive
maximum volts; zero volts; negative maximum volts; and then null volts. The series is
repeated [41].
The researchers developed a design process of principles for their study in which
the electromotive force generated in the generator will be stored in a battery and will be
converted from DC to AC power output for wider applications. Therefore, the study and
literature cited above is related to the current study of the researchers. With this data the
design can be completed and further enhanced.

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3. Methods and Procedures
2.1. Research Design
The researchers used the Research and Development method to design, fabricate
and develop a hydro-electric generator to improve the illumination of the pathway.
Research was used to gather different information to support the developed prototype
made by the researchers. The researchers choose the data and information most important
to the administration of the hydro-electric generator power system. Furthermore, the R &
D Method will be used to attain the most efficient, economic and ecological solution to
resolve the issue and different processes that will be undertaken will be given
consideration. The most possible and simplest method of design, construction and
assembly will be chosen ideal.
2.2. Research Environment
This research study takes place at the pathway connecting OSA and CET 108.
The researchers found out that at night, due to lack of illumination, the pathway are not
safe. The researchers developed this prototype. Based on the conducted an interview, it
shows that the beneficiaries are in favor by this pathway lights that can help during night
time by giving light to ensure safety and security.
2.3. Procedures
3.3.1 Data Gathering and Analysis
Through the results of the conducted pre-survey, the respondent who
walked and experienced the problem gives a positive result with an average of
4.58 which is equivalent to strongly agree, this result is shown in table 2. With
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this result, it means that the respondents strongly agreed that the lighting system
through hydro-electric generator power system needs to be implemented in that
pathway.
By conducting the pre-survey the researchers gathered the necessary data
to provide the background and significance of the study with the results of the
respondents' positive responses. The researchers collected information from
books, the internet and other related studies in order to provide them with detailed
knowledge of the basic information in the use of hydro-electric power generator
system . The theories, principles, concepts and knowledge that is related in the
study will also be included. The researchers also gather the necessary knowledge
about the ways to produce an energy from the water, computation of loads, and
the prototype components including the materials specifications that will be used
for the prototype.
3.3.2 Design
Fig.2 shows the arrangement of system that the researcher used to build the
design. The main concept used by researchers in the project review are the
principles of electrical circuits, physics, and other related studies. These concepts
were useful in the development of the prototype from various books, articles and
online websites. In data collection and the design of the model, the different
values of the subjects are suitable.

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WATER GENERATOR CHARGE

TURBINE CONTROLLER
LOAD INVERTER BATTERY
Fig. 2 Circuit Design of Hydro-Electric Power System
Circuit Design
Figure 3 shows the schematic diagram that indicates the electrical
connections of the design prototype. It shows how they are systematically linked
and their function. The hydro-electric generator power system of an arrangement
of micro-hydro generator, charge controller, 12 volts 45Ah lead acid battery and
inverter connected in parallel.

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Charge Controller
LOAD
+ - + - + -
+ -
Generator
DC AC
+ -
+ +
Inverter
Battery - -
Fig. 3 Schematic Diagram of Hydro Electric Generator Power System
The process starts by the fall of water through the water wheel, the pressure produce by the fall
of water will converted into an mechanical energy. The mechanical energy produces by the water
wheel will converted by the generator into DC voltage.Since the pathway lights of the prototype
will supplied by DC voltage there will be inverter to convert DC voltage to AC voltage..All the
charges produces by the generator will be control by the charge contoller to prevent over
charging.The charged stored in the battery will be use as the supply of the lighting system.and
there will be switch were the switching of the load is controlled during night and day. To
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understand the operation of hydroelectric generator power sytem easier, the operational flowchart
of the whole system was shown in the figure below.
Fig. 4 Operational Diagram of Hydro Electric Generator Power System

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3.3.3 Fabrication
Fig. 5 Prototyping Model of Hydro Electric Generator Power System
3.3.4 Testing and Evaluation
Testing is one of the most important step after creating the prototype. In
this process, the researcher decides whether the produced prototype was
functional and operational. However, this method provided all the knowledge
needed by the researchers to improve the prototype.
Multi-meter was used to check the voltage reading, the current reading and
the reliability of the wiring connections to ensure the design operated correctly. To
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ensure that the generator provides sufficient voltage to charge the battery, the
desired voltage output must be achieved. The charge controller controls the input
and output of the battery to ensure that the battery does not overcharge.
The evaluation process performed on by the researchers through survey to
measure the effectiveness, efficiency and functionality of the proposed project
after testing the prototype and seeing if its operating. The prepared questionnaire
was categorized by the efficiency, functionality, effectiveness and advantages of
the hydro-electric generator power system. The respondents will be the students
of the university including the university staffs. They will rate the statement by
“Strongly Agree” is 5, “Agree” is 4, “Fairly agree” is 3, “Disagree” is 4 and
“Strongly Agree” is 1.
The modified likert scale will be used to determine the result of the survey.
Rate Computed mean range Description

5 4.21-5.00 Strongly Agree
4 3.41-420 Agree
3 2.61-3.40 Fairly Agree
2 1.81-2.60 Disagree
1 1.00-1.80 Strongly Disagree
Table I
Modified Likert Scale
The result will be tallied and computed using below formula:

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Where: WM= Weighted mean
TNR= Total number of respondents
SA= strongly agree
A= Agree
FA= Fairly Agree
D=Disagree
SD= Strongly Disagree
2.4. Design Concept
The design concept of this prototype was based in hydroelectric power, hydropower
or hydroelectricity refers to the conversion of energy from flowing water into electricity.
It is considered a renewable energy source because the water cycle is constantly renewed
by the sun. The researcher used pelton wheel as the hydropower generator. The Pelton
Wheel is a tangential flow impulse generator (water reaches a tangent on its wheel). It's
good for high pressure (head) and low flow applications. It has a big wheel or , runner
with buckets (turbine blades) that absorb the water's energy. To generate the electricity
the the researcher use the permanent bruched dc magnet motor generator. It is
extensively used where small DC motors are required and also very effective control is
not required.
For the researcher to determine the charge that can be stored in the battery the
principles of energy stored in charged capacitor was used wherein the half of the product
of voltage square and capacitance is equivalent to the energy stored.

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[51] “Reith, 2005.” .

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Appendix A
Research Environment
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Appendix B
Pre-survey Result
Table II
Pre-survey results
Numerical Rating No. of respondents Weighted Mean

Situation 5 4 3 2 1
1. I walk through the College of Engineering 5 15 - - - 4.79
pathway 5
2. I feel unsafe to walk at night in the College of 3 27 2 2 1 4.39
Engineering pathway due to the cracks of caused 8
by roots of the tree.
3. I hesitate to walk at night through the pathway 4 15 7 - - 4.59
from student lounge going to the College of 8
Engineering Building.
4. I am in favor for putting street lights in College 3 22 1 - - 4.34
of Engineering pathway. 6 2
5.I am aware that water can be reused to generate 4 21 - - - 4.70
electricity. 9
6. Hydro-power is eco-friendly. 4 26 4 - - 4.51
0
7. Hydro-power can help reduce the power 5 15 5 - - 4.64
consumption in the university. 0
8.Hydro-power gives energy for the light without 4 20 2 - - 4.66
additional load in the university. 8
Total Average 4.58
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IV. Research Governance and Ethics
Please describe how you will ensure that

the activity will be carried out to the
highest standards of ethics and research
integrity.
Please describe how potential ethical,
health and safety issues arising as part of
this research have been considered and
how they will be addressed.
Will the proposed research involve No the research will not involve research on
research on animals, human participants, animals, human participants, human tissue or
human tissue or patient/participant data? participant data.
Has the proposed research been reviewed
by the MSEUF research ethics
committee?
V. Expected Outputs and Deliverables (This refers to the products of the research which would
contribute and increase the stock of knowledge.)
This design's intended performance is to show that it can be used to use Turgo's hydropower to
generate sufficient energy in the pathway light The prototype includes Turgo turbine, battery
24v, modified sine wave inverter and pathway light circuit. The Turgo turbine collects the
falling water and the generator transforms mechanical energy from the turbine into electric
power and then regulates the generated power via a charge controller to charge the battery. The
energy is then transported via a DC output, which is then converted to AC for pathway light by
the inverter. The design will be using speed increasing transmission in order to increase the rpm
and efficiency of the generator, this was connected between the turbine and generator. The data
provided by the research can be used to provide pathway lights in dark areas such as the
research environment MSEUF pathway connecting Engineering Department and Office of
Student Affairs where there are lack of illumination.
VI. Target Beneficiaries of Research Results: (who and how many are the direct /
indirect beneficiaries of the study, what are the benefits that are likely to accrue in the
short or long term)
Target Beneficiaries Total

1. Students 500
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I. Dissemination Plan: (what is the plan for sharing / communicating research results to
different stakeholders / possible beneficiaries; please mention specific activities)
Activities Strategy
1. Printed Material (Hard Bound) Archive in University Libraries
2. Internet Articles University Website
3. Publication in peer reviewed scientific Conference, Seminar/Training events
journals and presentation in scientific
conferences and in industry-related
events.
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Appendix C
Informed Consent Form
TITLE: A Design of Hydro-Electric Generator Power System
STUDY PROPONENT/PRINCIPAL RESEARCHERS
Daniella May B. Abustan (09234022464)
Jan Allyn L. Lingon (09074921504)
Chester S. Luna (09667382537)
Jernel M. Josue (09194374779)
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
Declaration: No conflicts of interest were declared in relation to this study.
The financial expenses of implementing this research shall be shouldered by the researchers.
INTRODUCTION
You are being invited to participate in this study because you have the skills and knowledge to
assess this study. This consent form provides you with information to help you make an informed
choice. Please read this document carefully. If you have any questions, they should be answered
to your satisfaction before you decide whether to participate in this research study.
STUDY BACKGROUND AND RATIONALE
Many pathways and hallways are having a lack of illumination. Manuel S. Enverga
University Foundation is known for having a big population of students. During night
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time, most of them are having a hard time walking in the pathway. Even the pathway
going to that area is unsafe to walk during night time because it has a crack that the
student won’t even notice it because it is dark.
This project aims to produce alternative source of energy using the water in banyuhay
lake. The researchers will be using a hydro-electric generator to produce energy for
lighting the pathway connecting OSA and CET 108. Technology is an effective way of
harvesting energy through the pressure energy and kinetic energy of water into more
easily used electric energy to make an effective lighting system installed in the pathway.
BENEFITS
The study will be beneficial to the students and university staff of the College of
Engineering and the Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation where the pathway area near
student lounge at night, especially to those who are walking in the pathway at night. And this
research study is an alternative source of energy that is not harmful in the environment.
ONE’S PARTICIPATION
The study procedure’s concern is data gathering wherein questionnaires shall be provided
to be answered by the students of the Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation, basing from
their knowledge and experience. This activity is for the purpose of evaluation of the prototype.
The participation of the participant will last until the questionnaire is completely filled up by the
respondent.
The participant can choose not to participate in the study or leave the study.
The involvement of the contributor will finish until the questionnaire is completely filled
up by the respondent.
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The contributor can decline to participate in the study or leave the study.
RISKS
Risk (severity and likelihood) that the study may introduce into the situation or that may
affect the study participants is when the design prototype will not work efficiently or experience
a malfunction.
PRIVACY AND CONFIDENTIALITY
After gathering and tallying the data from respondents, the questionnaire shall be
destroyed in order to prevent leak or outside distribution of information that the researchers
gathered.
GROUP CONFIDENTIALITY
In order to respect the privacy of all participants in this study, a participant has to agree to
maintain the confidentiality of the information discussed by all participants and researchers
during the focus group session.
OPEN DATA
I understand that the information I’ll provide in this study will be used for research
purposes. It will not be used in any manner which would allow identification of my individual
responses.
Anonymised research data will be archived at the thesis section of Manuel S. Enverga University
Foundation in order to make them available to other researchers in line with current data sharing
practices.
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CONTACT INFO
If you have further questions or concerns about your participation in this research, or if
you suffer any damage related to the study, please contact:
Daniella May B. Abustan 09231797636

Name Mobile Number
If you have questions about your rights as a participant or about ethical issues related to this
study, you can talk to someone who is not involved in the study at all. That person is:
Engr. Melissa M. Serrano

Name
SIGNATURES
● I understand that my taking part is voluntary; I can withdraw from the study at any time
and I do not have to give any reasons for why I no longer want to take part.
● All of my questions and concerns have been answered
● I understand the information indicated this informed consent form
● I understand that my participation in this study includes being interviewed.
● By signing this form, none of my legal rights have been given up
___________________________________ _________________
Signature over Printed Name of Participant/ Date
Substitute Decision-Maker
___________________________________ _________________
Signature over Printed Name of Date
Person Conducting the Consent Discussion

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ONLY IF the responded is unable to read or requiring oral translation, accomplish this sub-
section:
● This form was accurately explained to, and apparently understood by, the
participant/substitute decision-maker, and
● Informed consent was freely given by the participant/substitute decision-maker.
___________________________________ _________________
Signature over Printed Name Date

of Impartial Witness/Translator
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II. Activities
Activities Months
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
1. Data gathering through:
a. Brainstorming"
b. Conduct survey
c. Acquiring data from respective
organization.
2. Formulation of title
3. Preparation of proposal paper
(Introduction, review of related
literature, methods and procedures)
4. Proposal defense
5. Submission of Final Proposal paper
6. Data gathering and analysis
7. Design of Hydro-Electric Generator
Power System
8. Prototype fabrication
9. Testing
10. Evaluation
11. Continuation and Completion of
the manuscript
12. Final defense
13. Final revision
14. Submission of hardbound.
Table II
Gantt Chart
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III. Curriculum Vitae

Daniella May B. Abustan
119 Armando Racelis Avenue
Lucban,Quezon
Contact No. 09234022464
[email protected]
PERSONAL INFORMATION
AGE: 21 Years Old CITIZENSHIP: Filipino

BIRTHDATE: June 06, 1998 CIVIL STATUS: Single
PLACE OF BIRTH: Lucena City RELIGION: Roman Catholic
FATHER’S NAME: Calixto P. Abustan OCCUPATION: Seaman
MOTHER’S NAME: Graciella B. Abustan OCCUPATION: Housewife
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Tertiary:
Name of School: Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation
Course: Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering
Secondary:
Name of School: Southern Luzon State University (Lucban, Quezon)
Year Graduated: 2015

Primary:
Name of School: Southern Luzon State University (Lucban, Quezon)
SKILLS
 Knowledgeable in basic installation
 Computer Literate
 Effective time management
 Able to work well with others
 Possess excellent organizational and presentation skills
ORGANIZATIONS
Institute of Integrated Electrical Engineers of the Philippines (IIEE) -MSEUF Student

Chapter
Member A.Y. 2017-present
Rotaract Club of Lucena University District- MSEUF-Student Chapter
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Daniella May B. Abustan
Jernel M. Josue
Dalahican Rd, Brgy. Ibabang Dupay
Lucena,Quezon
Contact No. 09194374771
[email protected]
AGE: 21 Years Old CITIZENSHIP: Filipino

BIRTHDATE: July 17, 1998 CIVIL STATUS: Single
FATHER’S NAME: Jorge L. Josue OCCUPATION: House Maid
MOTHER’S NAME: Emilia M. Josue OCCUPATION: Teacher
Tertiary:
Secondary:
Name of School: Quezon National High School
Primary:
Name of School: Lucena East II Elementary School
SKILLS
 Knowledgeable in Electrical Basic Installation
 Electrical Installation and Maintenance NC II and NC III
 Basic knowledge in AutoCad
 Drawing a Perspective and other Design
ORGANIZATIONS
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Chapter
Public Relation Officer A.Y. 2019-2020
Vice President A.Y. 2019-present
Jernel M. Josue
Jan Allyn L. Lingon

Phase1 B St. Jude Village Brgy. Ibabang Dupay
Lucena City ,Quezon
Contact No. 09074921504
[email protected]
AGE: 25Years Old CITIZENSHIP: Filipino

BIRTHDATE: January 14, 1994 CIVIL STATUS: Single
FATHER’S NAME: Allan L. Lingon OCCUPATION: N/A
MOTHER’S NAME: Josephine L. Lingon OCCUPATION: housewife
Tertiary:
Name of School: Southern Luzon State University
Course: Electronics Technology
Secondary:
Name of School: Marinduque Academy
Primary:
Name of School: Guisian Elementary School
SKILLS
 Knowledgeable in basic installation
 Effective time management
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 Able to work well with others

 Possess excellent organizational and presentation skills
ORGANIZATIONS

Chapter
Proffesional and Relation Chairman A.Y. 2019-present
Jan Allyn L. Lingon

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What is the project study proposal about?

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What is the background of the study?

What is the background of the study?

Document Code: DCAVRKMI-F-PSP

MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION

A Design of Hydro-Electric Generator Power System

Presented to the Faculty of the

Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation

of the Requirements for the Degree

Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering

Abustan, Daniella May B.

Lingon, Jan Allyn L.

1.1. Background of the Study

Electricity is one of the important need to human lives nowadays. It is a form of

massive increase of population the electricity usage consumption in the Philippines

Visayas and 12, 769 GWh in Mindanao

friendly alternative source of electricity. Hydro-electricity is a good example of an

placed on other power sources.

as coal or natural gas.

student won’t even notice it because it is dark.

through the pathway without adding additional load in the University.

1.2. Objectives of the Study

1. To gather and analyze the data on Hydro-Electric Generator Power System.

2. To design and develop a Hydro-Electric Generator Power System.

3. To design a circuit of the designed Hydro-Electric Generator Power System.

4. To fabricate a prototype of the designed Hydro-Electric Generator Power

System and the designed circuit.

5. To evaluate the prototype in terms of functionality and effectiveness.

1.3. Significance of the Study

Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation will benefit by saving their energy

consumption for the additional lighting parameters installed in the pathway.

The students of Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation. The beneficiaries will

feel safe walking through the pathways even at night.

It will serve as a reference material in conducting similar and related feasibility

study in order to familiarize the researchers to the different codes and

specifications that are related to Electrical Engineering.

1.4. Scope and Limitations of the Study

University Foundation. This project study focuses on designing and production of

effectiveness and functionality.

1.5. Conceptual Framework

be an alternative source of energy in the design of the hydro-electric generator power

prototype, the researchers will based on electrical principles.

In prototype fabrication, it is important to gather all materials needed in the prototype

fabrication of the project.

permanent magnet DC motor.

Generator 150w, 24v, brushed permanent magnet dc motor. Use to convert

mechanical to electrical energy.

Illumination 5 sets of 5w compact fluorescent lamp

to ac voltage to power the system.

CET College of Engineering Technology

DoE Department of Energy

OSA Office of Student Affairs

PEC Philippine Electrical Code

2. Review of Literature and Related Studies

[2] with its technical, economic and environmental benefits.

prototype design as a basis for is liable evaluation.

Hydro Power Technology Systems