Relion® Protection and Control

611 series
Modbus Communication Protocol Manual
 Document ID: 1MRS757461
Issued: 2016-02-22
Revision: B
Product version: 2.0

© Copyright 2016 ABB. All rights reserved

Copyright
This document and parts thereof must not be reproduced or copied without written
permission from ABB, and the contents thereof must not be imparted to a third party,
nor used for any unauthorized purpose.

The software or hardware described in this document is furnished under a license and
may be used, copied, or disclosed only in accordance with the terms of such license.

Trademarks
ABB and Relion are registered trademarks of the ABB Group. All other brand or
product names mentioned in this document may be trademarks or registered
trademarks of their respective holders.

Warranty
Please inquire about the terms of warranty from your nearest ABB representative.

http://www.abb.com/substationautomation
Disclaimer
The data, examples and diagrams in this manual are included solely for the concept or
product description and are not to be deemed as a statement of guaranteed properties.
All persons responsible for applying the equipment addressed in this manual must
satisfy themselves that each intended application is suitable and acceptable, including
that any applicable safety or other operational requirements are complied with. In
particular, any risks in applications where a system failure and/or product failure
would create a risk for harm to property or persons (including but not limited to
personal injuries or death) shall be the sole responsibility of the person or entity
applying the equipment, and those so responsible are hereby requested to ensure that
all measures are taken to exclude or mitigate such risks.

This product has been designed to be connected and communicate data and
information via a network interface which should be connected to a secure network.
It is the sole responsibility of the person or entity responsible for network
administration to ensure a secure connection to the network and to take the necessary
measures (such as, but not limited to, installation of firewalls, application of
authentication measures, encryption of data, installation of anti virus programs, etc.)
to protect the product and the network, its system and interface included, against any
kind of security breaches, unauthorized access, interference, intrusion, leakage and/or
theft of data or information. ABB is not liable for any such damages and/or losses.

This document has been carefully checked by ABB but deviations cannot be
completely ruled out. In case any errors are detected, the reader is kindly requested to
notify the manufacturer. Other than under explicit contractual commitments, in no
event shall ABB be responsible or liable for any loss or damage resulting from the use
of this manual or the application of the equipment.
Conformity
This product complies with the directive of the Council of the European Communities
on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to electromagnetic
compatibility (EMC Directive 2004/108/EC) and concerning electrical equipment for
use within specified voltage limits (Low-voltage directive 2006/95/EC). This
conformity is the result of tests conducted by ABB in accordance with the product
standard EN 60255-26 for the EMC directive, and with the product standards EN
60255-1 and EN 60255-27 for the low voltage directive. The product is designed in
accordance with the international standards of the IEC 60255 series.
 Table of contents

Table of contents

Section 1 Introduction.......................................................................5
This manual........................................................................................ 5
Intended audience.............................................................................. 5
Product documentation.......................................................................6
Product documentation set............................................................6
Document revision history............................................................. 6
Related documentation..................................................................7
Symbols and conventions...................................................................7
Symbols.........................................................................................7
Document conventions.................................................................. 7

Section 2 Modbus overview............................................................. 9

Modbus standard................................................................................9
Serial communication.................................................................... 9
Ethernet communication................................................................9
Application data implementation .................................................10
Terms and definitions.................................................................. 10
Documentation............................................................................ 10

Section 3 Vendor-specific implementation..................................... 13

Protocol server instances................................................................. 13
Connection to clients................................................................... 13
Protocol server attachment to a client......................................... 14
Several identical client connections.............................................14
Protocol data mapping to server instances................................. 14
Modbus link alternatives................................................................... 15
Serial link..................................................................................... 15
Modbus serial link parameters............................................... 15
Modbus serial diagnostic counters......................................... 17
Troubleshooting serial communication...................................17
Character framing in different serial link modes..................... 18
TCP/IP link...................................................................................18
Modbus TCP/IP diagnostic counters...................................... 19
Supported Modbus function codes................................................... 19
Application functions....................................................................19
Diagnostic functions.................................................................... 20
Exception codes.......................................................................... 21
Modbus application data...................................................................21
Modbus data objects................................................................... 21
Modbus data implementation...................................................... 22

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Table of contents

Data mapping principles.............................................................. 23

Default data organization....................................................... 23
Data in monitoring direction....................................................23
One-bit data mapping.............................................................23
Data in control direction..........................................................24
Digital input data..........................................................................24
Multiple digital inputs mapping............................................... 25
Digital input configuration....................................................... 25
Measurand registers....................................................................26
Register value update............................................................ 27
Primary and per-unit values................................................... 28
Register sizes.........................................................................28
Register saturation................................................................. 28
Rearranging of register value ranges..................................... 29
Time of update....................................................................... 29
Register configuration............................................................ 30
Control operations....................................................................... 31
Control functions.................................................................... 33
Control operations through 4X register structures..................33
Additional control operation features......................................35
Control bit configuration......................................................... 36
System status registers .............................................................. 38
SSR1...................................................................................... 38
SSR2 ..................................................................................... 39
SSR3 ..................................................................................... 40
SSR4 ..................................................................................... 40
SSR5 ..................................................................................... 41
SSR6 ..................................................................................... 41
User-definable data..................................................................... 42
User definable registers......................................................... 43
User definable bits..................................................................43
Data exceptions......................................................................43
Data properties.......................................................................43
Unmapped data locations.......................................................43
UDR data configuration.......................................................... 44
UDR register value manipulation............................................44
UDR register configuration..................................................... 45
Event records ............................................................................. 48
Single event record structure................................................. 49
Single event record reading................................................... 49
Other event record registers...................................................51
Multiple event records reading............................................... 54
Fault records ...............................................................................56

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 Table of contents

Fault record structure............................................................. 56

Fault record reading............................................................... 57
Other fault record registers.....................................................59
Parameter setting group selection...............................................60
Time synchronization ..................................................................60
Real-time clock structure........................................................60
Writing to real-time structures................................................ 61
Device information.......................................................................62
ASCII character coding.......................................................... 62
ASCII string syntax.................................................................62
Reset time structure.................................................................... 63
Accessing of non-protocol-mapped data..................................... 64
Troubleshooting................................................................................65

Section 4 Modbus parameters and diagnostics............................. 67

Parameter list................................................................................... 67
Monitored data..................................................................................68

Section 5 Glossary......................................................................... 71

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4
1MRS757461 B Section 1
Introduction

Section 1 Introduction

1.1 This manual

The communication protocol manual describes a communication protocol supported

by the protection relay. The manual concentrates on vendor-specific
implementations.

1.2 Intended audience

This manual addresses the communication system engineer or system integrator

responsible for pre-engineering and engineering for communication setup in a
substation from a protection relay perspective.

The system engineer or system integrator must have a basic knowledge of

communication in protection and control systems and thorough knowledge of the
specific communication protocol.

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Section 1 1MRS757461 B
Introduction

1.3 Product documentation

1.3.1 Product documentation set

deinstallation & disposal

Decommissioning,
Commissioning

Maintenance
Engineering
Planning &

Installation

Operation
Quick start guide purchase
Quick installation guide
Brochure
Product guide
Operation manual
Installation manual
Connection diagram
Engineering manual
Technical manual
Application manual
Communication protocol manual
IEC 61850 engineering guide
Point list manual
Cyber security deployment guideline

GUID-0777AFDA-CADF-4AA9-946E-F6A856BDF75E V1 EN

Figure 1: The intended use of manuals in different lifecycles

Product series- and product-specific manuals can be downloaded

from the ABB Web site http://www.abb.com/relion.

1.3.2 Document revision history

Document revision/date Product series version History
A/2011-11-18 1.0 First release
B/2016-02-22 2.0 Content updated to correspond to the
product series version

Download the latest documents from the ABB Web site

http://www.abb.com/substationautomation.

6 611 series
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1MRS757461 B Section 1
Introduction

1.3.3 Related documentation

Product-specific point list manuals and other product series- and product-specific
manuals can be downloaded from the ABB Web site
http://www.abb.com/substationautomation.

1.4 Symbols and conventions

1.4.1 Symbols

The caution icon indicates important information or warning related

to the concept discussed in the text. It might indicate the presence of
a hazard which could result in corruption of software or damage to
equipment or property.

The information icon alerts the reader of important facts and

conditions.

The tip icon indicates advice on, for example, how to design your
project or how to use a certain function.

Although warning hazards are related to personal injury, it is necessary to understand

that under certain operational conditions, operation of damaged equipment may result
in degraded process performance leading to personal injury or death. Therefore,
comply fully with all warning and caution notices.

1.4.2 Document conventions

A particular convention may not be used in this manual.

• Abbreviations and acronyms are spelled out in the glossary. The glossary also
contains definitions of important terms.
• Push button navigation in the LHMI menu structure is presented by using the
push button icons.
To navigate between the options, use and .
• Menu paths are presented in bold.
Select Main menu/Settings.
• LHMI messages are shown in Courier font.
To save the changes in nonvolatile memory, select Yes and press .
• Parameter names are shown in italics.
The function can be enabled and disabled with the Operation setting.
• Parameter values are indicated with quotation marks.

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Introduction

The corresponding parameter values are "On" and "Off".

• Input/output messages and monitored data names are shown in Courier font.
When the function starts, the START output is set to TRUE.
• This document assumes that the parameter setting visibility is "Advanced".

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1MRS757461 B Section 2
Modbus overview

Section 2 Modbus overview

2.1 Modbus standard

Modbus is a communication protocol developed by the Modicon company in the

1970’s. Originally it was used for communication in PLCs and RTU devices. Later on
the Modbus protocol has been used in a variety of different device applications. Today
the Modbus protocol is mainly used over serial communication networks and
Ethernet.

The Modbus serial communication and the Ethernet based Modbus TCP/IP
communication in this IED follow the specifications maintained by Modbus
Organization.

Modbus communication reference guides are downloadable from

Technical Resources at www.modbus.org.

2.1.1 Serial communication

Modbus is a master-slave protocol when it is used over serial communication
networks. This IED implements the slave side of the protocol. Depending on the
chosen physical serial interface it is possible to build multidrop networks or point-to-
point communication connections.

There can only be one Modbus master unit on a Modbus serial network. The Modbus
master unit communicates with one Modbus slave unit at a time. Usually the master
reads, or scans, data from the slaves cyclically. The master can also write data or give
commands to the slave units. Each slave unit has a unique unit address. Thus, the
master can identify the slave with which it communicates. The Modbus standard also
defines the possibility for Master broadcast transmissions.

Modbus serial protocol uses two link modes: Modbus RTU and Modbus ASCII. Both
modes are supported by this IED.

2.1.2 Ethernet communication

Modbus communication over Ethernet TCP/IP is of client-server type. This IED
operates as a Modbus server.

Modbus TCP/IP connection is established when the Modbus client opens a TCP
socket connection to the Modbus server. The socket port 502 on the TCP/IP stack is

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Modbus overview

reserved for Modbus. If the connection request is accepted by the server, the client can
start communicating with the server unit.

IEDs can usually accept several simultaneous Modbus TCP/IP client connections
even though the number of connections is limited. It is possible to configure the IED
to only accept socket connection requests from known client IP addresses.

2.1.3 Application data implementation

This IED is designed to operate with a wide range of different Modbus masters and
clients. The Modbus memory map offers the possibility to view IED's internal process
data in a simple I/O map style which is mainly aimed at PLC masters and other process
automation devices. Time-tagged, chronological event lists and fault records can be
read over the Modbus interface. These data are more suitable for SCADA type of
Modbus masters.

The Modbus standard defines four main memory areas for mapping IED's process
data. Due to its open nature, the Modbus standard does not define exactly what type
of data should be mapped to each memory area. The Modbus mapping approach of the
IED ensures that the same process data are readable from as many Modbus memory
areas as possible. The users may then choose the memory areas that are most suitable
for their Modbus master systems.

2.1.4 Terms and definitions

Modbus data appear in different memory areas in the Modbus device. The four most
common areas are coils, digital inputs, input registers and holding registers. These are
also referred to as 0X, 1X, 3X and 4X areas respectively.

Modbus defines addressing in two ways: PLC addressing starts from address 1 and
regular Modbus data addressing starts from 0. For example, a holding register at PLC
address 234 can be referred to either as 4X register 234 or as 40234. The regular
Modbus addressing, that is the PLC address decremented by one, is shown when
analyzing the Modbus traffic on the physical network.

Listings and references to the Modbus data in this documentation

follow the PLC addressing scheme. Addresses start from 1.

Refer also to the Modbus protocol standard documentation that can be found for free at
www.modbus.org.

2.1.5 Documentation
Address information concerning Modbus bits, registers and register structures stated
in this document is similar in all 611 series IEDs. The rest of the Modbus application
data are 611 series configuration dependent. This means that the Modbus data

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Modbus overview

outlook, that is the Modbus memory map, of REF611-FE101 differs, for example,
from the one of REF611-FE102.

A newer SW version of the same product series configuration may

contain additional Modbus points.

The Modbus memory map documentation of a certain product series configuration

and SW version is available in addition to this document. It is essential to know the
device type, configuration name and SW version to locate the correct Modbus
memory map listings.
Table 1: Example of IED information needed to locate the correct Modbus memory map
LHMI or WHMI path IED information
Information/Product identifiers/Type REF611
Information/Product identifiers/Configuration name FE101
Information/Product identifiers/SW version 1.0

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1MRS757461 B Section 3
Vendor-specific implementation

Section 3 Vendor-specific implementation

3.1 Protocol server instances

The word "client" refers to the protocol master. The IED is referred to
as "server" or a slave device.

The IED can communicate with several protocol clients simultaneously. Furthermore,
it is possible to configure the IED to provide different protocol data and data outlook
for different clients. A protocol server communication entity which is configured to
operate against a specific master or client is called an instance.

There are three server instance scenarios.

1. One client - One protocol instance - One protocol mapping. The IED is intended
to operate toward one protocol client. The default protocol data mapping or data
outlook can be modified freely.
2. Several clients - Several protocol instances - One protocol mapping. The IED is
intended to operate toward several protocol clients. All the clients should be able
to access exactly similar data or similar data outlook. The default protocol
mapping or data outlook can be modified freely.
3. Several clients - Several protocol instances - Several protocol mappings. The IED
is intended to operate toward several protocol clients. Some or all of the clients
may want to access protocol data in a different manner. For this purpose, several
protocol mappings derived from the default protocol mapping need to be
prepared.

3.1.1 Connection to clients

In the IED, it is possible to activate up to five protocol server instances. A function
block represents the protocol on the IED’s application configuration level. The block
is named MBSLPRT1...5, depending on the instance in use.

By default, 5 instances are always instantiated in the IED, but need to be set “On” to
be activated. Since the IED’s native IEC 61850 data model restricts client limit to five,
the IED can have only five client connections in total, regardless of the protocols to
which the clients belong. This includes the MMS clients and other communication
protocol clients.

Protocol instances are identified with numbers 1...5. There are different and unique
setting and monitoring parameters for each instance in the HMI menu. Instance
numbers can be freely used. However, it is recommended to use the instances in the

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numerical order. For example, instance 1 is to be used if there is only one client
connection and instances 1 and 2 when there are two clients.

3.1.2 Protocol server attachment to a client

After its activation, an instance should be attached to the intended client.

If the client is in a serial connection, the instance must be attached to the intended
serial port.

In case of a TCP client, the instance must be first attached to the physical Ethernet port.
If there are several TCP client connections, the IED must be able to distinguish
between the clients. There are two setting parameters in an instance.

• Client IP: When the client makes the TCP connection, its IP address is checked.
This instance is given to the client with this IP address. It is also possible to use
the address “0.0.0.0” if no client IP address is to be defined. In this case, the
client's IP address is ignored.
• TCP port: This parameter can be used in conjunction with the Client IP address
setting, thus allowing only a certain IP address at a specific TCP socket port
number.

3.1.3 Several identical client connections

If several clients access the same protocol data, the client connections must still be
kept apart. Also the number of each instance used for each client must be noted so that
if there are problems with the communication, the line diagnostic data for instances
follows the same instance number rule.

In case of sequential event data transaction and a TCP client connection, it is essential
that a reconnecting client is given back the same instance to which it was attached
before disconnecting. This way, the event reading resumes from the point where the
client left off, provided that no event overflow has occurred while the client was
absent. If multiple client connections are used, the distinguishing between different
client connections must be ensured by using the Client IP and TCP port parameters.

3.1.4 Protocol data mapping to server instances

There can be N number of different data mappings for a protocol. The mappings are
identified and numbered, starting from one. This number is not related to the protocol
instance number.

In PCM600, it is necessary to always define the mappings to be edited or viewed.

Each protocol instance has the setting parameter Mapping selection, which defines the
protocol mappings to be used by this instance. Several protocol instances can use the
same mapping. By default, the Mapping selection parameter for all the instances is set
to use the mapping number one.

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When the mapping selection is changed from the LHMI, the IED has
to be rebooted for the mapping selection to take effect.

3.2 Modbus link alternatives

Modbus communication is possible over the serial communication interface or over

the Ethernet interface.

Depending on the IED type, either only serial communication or only

Ethernet communication may be supported.

3.2.1 Serial link

Modbus serial communication requires that the IED variant is equipped with a serial
interface card at the slot X000. The serial interface card can contain one or two serial
interfaces.

The Modbus link mode can be either Modbus RTU or Modbus ASCII.

Modbus serial communication can run on two separate serial ports simultaneously.
The Modbus serial link characteristics can be different on the two ports. This applies
also to the Modbus RTU and ASCII link modes and the unit address.

Documentation concerning the Modbus serial link messages and the

Modbus standard can be obtained from www.modbus.org.

3.2.1.1 Modbus serial link parameters

Serial link setting parameters can be accessed with Parameter Setting tool in PCM600,
WHMI or via the LHMI path Configuration/Communication/Modbus.

Address
Each serial link can be given a separate unit address.

End delay
The end of message delay, or timeout, is used only in the Modbus RTU link mode.
According to the Modbus standard, an idle period of 3.5 characters, that is the time it
takes to transmit 3.5 characters with the used baud rate, defines the end of a Modbus
RTU frame in the RTU mode. This parameter can be given with the accuracy of one

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character. The default setting is three characters but the user can increase or decrease
the value.

In a multidrop RS-485 Modbus network the unit may detect and

receive response messages from other slave units. Thus, consider the
minimum silent time between the response frame and the beginning of
master’s next request frame when setting the end delay in Modbus
RTU mode.

This parameter has no meaning in the Modbus ASCII link mode.

Start delay
The intraframe delay on serial Modbus RTU link is defined as a silent interval of 3.5
characters. The delay is essential for Modbus devices to recognize the beginning and
end of each RTU frame. If the end delay is decreased in this IED, the response
messages may be transmitted too fast according to the link standard especially true
with slower baud rates. The start delay parameter adds idle characters before the
transmission, thus increasing the silent interval between the Modbus RTU link
frames. The start delay default setting is four idle (silent) characters.

To set the timing properly, consider also how the other slave units in
a multidrop RS-485 network detect the Modbus traffic between the
master and this IED.

Port
It is possible to define which serial port is used for separate Modbus serial instances:
“COM1” or “COM2”. The serial communication instance is not active if this
parameter is set to “Not in use.”

If this protocol does not operate as expected, make sure that other
serial protocols are not using the COM port as well.

Baud rate is defined on the serial driver side and are therefore located
via the LHMI paths Configuration/Communication/COM1 and
Configuration/Communication/COM2.

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3.2.1.2 Modbus serial diagnostic counters

Modbus Serial diagnostic counters can be viewed via the LHMI path Monitoring/
Communication/Modbus/MBS0n.

The counters show complete Modbus protocol link frames and Modbus errors. The
serial communication drivers (COM1, COM2) maintain their own counters for lower
level serial communication diagnostics.
Table 2: Serial diagnostic counters
Counter Description
Status Shows the value "True" if the serial instance is in use. This indicates that the
Modbus client is connected and Modbus messages, which are addressed to
the device, are received regularly at least with a 15 second interval or faster. In
all other cases this value is "False".
Reset counters True = Reset all diagnostic counters
Received frames Total amount of received Modbus frames. For example, the Modbus frames
that are addressed to this instance.
Transmitted frames Total amount of transmitted Modbus responses.
Transmitted exc A Total amount of exception responses 1 and 2.
These exception responses usually reveal configuration errors on the Modbus
client side. Either the client uses a request function code which is not supported
or the requested Modbus point(s) does not exist.
Transmitted exc B Total amount of exception responses 3.
These exceptions usually reveal the IED application level rejections. That is,
the IED application rejects the request at this moment, under the current
circumstances. The exception can also mean that the value in the Modbus
write request is out of range.
Checksum errors Total amount of detected Modbus checksum errors.
The Modbus instance only calculates checksums of Modbus frames that
contain a proper link address. All other incoming Modbus frames are
discarded.

3.2.1.3 Troubleshooting serial communication

The diagnostic capabilities can be used for investigating communication problems. If

communication cannot be established to the relay, then proceed in this order.

1. Reset the serial driver and Modbus protocol diagnostic counters to make it easier
to view the changes.
2. Check the serial driver diagnostic counters. If serial characters are not received,
check the cable (Rx line) and the link setup parameters, also on the Master
side.
3. If serial characters are received, check if whole link frames are also received. Do
this first on the driver side.
4. Go over to Modbus diagnostics and check if Modbus link frames are internally
received. Note that the serial driver detects every link frame on the line, but the
Modbus protocol in turn only reacts to link frames of Modbus type, which are
addressed to its own protocol instance.

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5. Check the receive and send delay settings in the relay. If link frames are not
received properly there might be character timing problems.
6. Check for receive errors, checksum errors or several retransmissions. If these are
found, the line may be noisy.
7. If Modbus link messages are received, check that the response messages are sent
to the master.
8. Check the serial driver transmitted character counter. If it is running, then the
relay is transmitting. If the master receives nothing, then check the cable (Tx
line).

3.2.1.4 Character framing in different serial link modes

According to the Modbus standard, the character length in the Modbus RTU mode
should be 11 bits and in Modbus ASCII mode 10 bits. It is possible to freely define the
character parity: even, odd or no parity. No parity means that the bit length of the serial
character is reduced by one. Thus, the character is compensated with an additional
stop bit.
Table 3: RTU characters
Coding system 8-bit binary
Bits per 1 start bit
character 8 data bits, the least significant bit is sent first
1 bit for even/odd parity; no bit if parity is not used
1 stop bit if parity is used; 2 stop bits if parity is not used

Table 4: ASCII characters

Coding system Two ASCII characters representing a hexadecimal number
Bits per 1 start bit
character 7 data bits, the least significant bit is sent first
1 bit for even/odd parity; no bit if parity is not used
1 stop bit if parity is used; 2 stop bits if parity is not used

3.2.2 TCP/IP link

The IED operates as a Modbus TCP/IP server. A Modbus TCP/IP client can establish
a connection to the IED through the standardized TCP socket port 502.

The Modbus TCP/IP interface of the IED can be configured to accept up to five
simultaneous Modbus client connections. It is possible to grant connections only to
the predefined TCP/IP clients. The write authority of the Modbus TCP/IP client is
configurable.

Modbus TCP usually shares the Ethernet connection with the other
Ethernet based protocols of the IED. The number of Ethernet based
clients that can be simultaneously connected to the IED is restricted.

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3.2.2.1 Modbus TCP/IP diagnostic counters

Modbus TCP/IP counters can be viewed via the LHMI path Monitoring/
Communication/Modbus/MBS0n.

The counters show the complete Modbus protocol link frames and Modbus errors. The
Ethernet communication driver maintains its own counters for lower level
communication diagnostics.
Table 5: TCP/IP diagnostic counters
Counter Description
Status Shows the value "True" if the TCP/IP or serial instance is in use. This means
that a Modbus client has connected to the TCP socket and Modbus TCP
messages are received regularly at least with a 30 second interval or faster. In
all other cases this value shows "False".
Reset counters True = Reset all diagnostic counters
Received frames Total amount of received Modbus frames.
Transmitted frames Total amount of transmitted Modbus responses.
Transmitted exc A Total amount of exception responses 1 and 2. These exception responses
usually reveal configuration errors on the Modbus client’s side.
Transmitted exc B Total amount of exception responses 3. These exceptions reveal the IED
application level rejections.

The counters are reset when the client makes a TCP socket disconnection or if the TCP
socket connection keep alive times out.
Table 6: Common (instance independent) Modbus TCP/IP diagnostic counters
Counter Description
CnReject no sockets The amount of connection requests that are rejected due to unavailable TCP
sockets.
CnReject The amount of connection requests that are rejected since the client is not
unregistered registered.

3.3 Supported Modbus function codes

3.3.1 Application functions

Table 7: Supported application functions
Function Name Description
code
01 Read coil status Reads the status of discrete outputs.
02 Read digital input status Reads the status of discrete inputs.
03 Read holding registers Reads the contents of output registers.
04 Read input registers Reads the contents of input registers.
Table continues on next page

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Function Name Description

code
05 Force single coil Sets the status of a discrete output.
06 Preset single register Sets the value of a holding register.
08 Diagnostics Checks the communication system
between the master and the slave.
15 Force multiple coils Sets the status of multiple discrete outputs.
16 Preset multiple registers Sets the value of multiple holding registers.
23 Read/write holding registers Exchanges holding registers in one query.

3.3.2 Diagnostic functions

The diagnostic functions are only intended for serial communication. However, the
serial diagnostic counters can be read, but not reset, via the Modbus TCP/IP interface.
The serial line cannot be forced to the listen mode via the Modbus TCP/IP interface.
Table 8: Supported diagnostic subfunctions
Function Name Description
code
00 Return query data The data in the query data field is returned
(looped back) in the response. The entire
response is identical to the query.
01 Restart communication option The slaves peripheral port is initialized and
restarted and the communication event
counters are cleared. Before this, a normal
response will be sent provided that the port
is not in the listen only mode. If the port is in
the listen only mode, no response will be
sent.
04 Force listen only mode The slave is forced to enter the listen only
mode for Modbus communication.
10 Clear counters and diagnostic register All counters and the diagnostic register are
cleared.
11 Return bus message count The response returns the number of
messages in the communication system
detected by the slave since its last restart,
clear counters operation or power up.
12 Return bus communication error count The response returns the number of CRC
errors encountered by the slave since its
last restart, clear counters operation or
power up.
13 Return bus exception error count The response returns the number of
Modbus exception responses sent by the
slave since its last restart, clear counters
operation or power up.
14 Return slave message count The response returns the number of
messages addressed to the slave or
broadcast which the slave has processed
since its last restart, clear counters
operation or power up.
Table continues on next page

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Function Name Description

code
15 Return slave no response count The response returns the number of
messages addressed to the slave for which
a response (neither a normal response nor
an exception response) has not been sent
since its last restart, clear counters
operation or power up.
16 Return slave NACK response count The number of messages addressed to the
slave for which a negative
acknowledgement response has been sent
is returned in the response.
18 Return bus character overrun count The response returns the number of
messages addressed to the slave for which
it has not been able to send a response due
to a character overrun since its last restart,
clear counters operation or power up.

3.3.3 Exception codes

Table 9: Supported exception codes
Function Name Description
code
01 Illegal function The slave does not support the requested
function.
02 Illegal data address The slave does not support the data
address or the number of items in the query
is incorrect.
03 Illegal data value A value contained in the query data field is
out of range.

3.4 Modbus application data

3.4.1 Modbus data objects

The Modbus protocol in the IEDs of this product series is built on top of the internal
IEC 61850 data model. Thus, the Modbus application data objects, proprietary events
and MCD bits are derived from IEC 61850 data objects and data set reporting. The
IEDs have a predefined IEC 61850 data set configuration. In other words, it is
predefined which internal data object changes the IEDs detect.

The available Modbus indications in the IEDs of this product series are generally
selected from the IEC 61850 indications residing in data sets. Objects that do not
reside in any data set are updated to the Modbus database slower. This concerns, for
example, some measurand register values. Fast changes in these object values may not
be detected or propagated to the Modbus database. However, the latest value of these
objects is always found in the Modbus database.

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For a list of the available data objects, see the point list manual.

3.4.2 Modbus data implementation

The IED is internally modeled according to the IEC 61850 standard. The Modbus
protocol is implemented on top of this model. However, not all features of the
IEC61850 data model are available through the Modbus interface.

The Modbus protocol standard defines one-bit digital data and 16-bit register data as
RTU application data alternatives. The protocol does not define exactly how this
protocol application data should be used by an IED application. The usage depends on
the IED implementation.

Change events and time synchronization

The Modbus standard does not define event reporting or time synchronization
procedures. Proprietary solutions are introduced in this IED to support these
functionalities.

Control operations
The Modbus standard defines data types 0X for coils and 4X for holding registers to
be used for control operations. This IED supports both data types.

Control operations include automatic checking for authorization and local and remote
blockings as well as preventing simultaneous controlling by multiple clients.

Application data compatibility

This IED is designed to operate with a wide range of Modbus masters spanning from
industrial PLCs to substation SCADA devices. The application solutions have been
chosen to achieve the highest possible level of compatibility with the systems.

• Application data is readable in many different Modbus memory areas. Digital

data is readable as bits or packed bits in registers.
• Primarily 16-bit register sizes are used for measurands. 32 bits are used only in
some rare cases.
• The measurands can be freely rescaled by the user.
• The proprietary Modbus event buffer can be read in many different ways. A
master can continuously read and log change events in real time or, for example,
read an N number of latest events on demand.
• Change detection data can be used as an alternative to the event record reading to
catch fast indication data transitions between the master scans.

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• The Modbus fault record gives a summary of the captured max-min values and
protection stages starting and possibly tripping during a fault.
• The addressing of the application data in the documentation and tools follows the
so-called Modbus-PLC addressing principle, where the base address 1 is used.
The application data addressing in this IED spans between 1 and 9999.
• The Modbus memory-mapped data in the monitoring direction can additionally
be reassembled into user-definable registers or bits in a specific UDR memory
area. The data can then be scanned also from this area.

3.4.3 Data mapping principles

Modbus data is organized sequentially. This is the most efficient organization method
since the master normally scans the Modbus data in blocks.

3.4.3.1 Default data organization

The available Modbus data in the IED can be mapped to a Modbus location. Whether
the available data is mapped or not, the data can be taken into use in the Modbus user-
definable area.

A Modbus point that has no premapping does not cause any burden on the IED until
it is taken into use. The Modbus points that are premapped are constantly cached from
the IED application by the stack, regardless of whether the data is read or not.

3.4.3.2 Data in monitoring direction

All data in the monitoring direction is available through the 3X and 4X memory
areas.This includes the digital indication data which is also readable in the 1X and 0X
areas.

All register structures are located in the 4X area. The address locations of register
structures are similar in all IEDs in this product series.

The Modbus data may contain empty bits or registers within the sequential data areas.
These bits and registers are intended for possible future expansion. Reading this data
does not result in any Mobdus exception response. The value in these bits or registers
is always zero.

3.4.3.3 One-bit data mapping

All one-bit data in the IED is readable either from the 0X or 1X memory area. The
Modbus bit point addresses are similar regardless of the memory area. In addition, the
same one-bit data can also be read either from the 3X or the 4X area. In this case, the
bit values are packed into 16-bit 3X and 4X registers. The bit locations follow a pattern
similar to the 0X and 1X locations.

If a one-bit value is located in the 0X or 1X bit address 2893, the same bit value can
also be found in the 3X or 4X register 180 (2893 DIV 16) at bit 13 (2893 MOD 16).

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This is easier to understand when the address numbers are expressed in the
hexadecimal format: 2893 = 0xB4D, where the register 180 = 0xB4 and bit 13 = 0xD.

3.4.3.4 Data in control direction

IED controls, set points and acknowledgements are mapped to Modbus 0X data
(coils). Coils can only be operated one by one.

Some control bits are packed bits in the 4X control register structures. The 4X control
structure contains a password which has to be given before starting control operations.

3.4.4 Digital input data

As the indication signals related to protection applications often change rapidly, the
Modbus master may not detect all the changes.

Momentary position and momentary change detection bits

In this IED, indications are shown as two adjacent Modbus bits in the Modbus
memory map. The two bits represent the momentary position and the momentary
change detection state of the indication.

MOM

MCD

LATCH

A070894 V3 EN

Figure 2: Change detection bit

If the momentary value of an indication bit has changed two times or more since the
master last read it, the MCD bit is set to one. When the MCD bit has been read, it is
reset to zero. Since the indications usually are 1 (active), it is easy to detect an
indication activation by combining the MOM and MCD bits using a logical OR
operation (MOM+MCD). The momentary position bit and the MCD bit of a certain
indication point always occur as pairs in the Modbus memory map. The momentary
bit is always located on an even bit address. MCD bit on the next odd bit address.

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The MCD bit states are client-dependent. The MCD bit is only reset for the specific
Modbus client that reads it. Thus, other Modbus clients may still receive value 1 from
the same MCD bit when it is read.

MOM indication changes are captured in the IED's sequential Modbus event buffer.
Additionally, the Modbus event buffer provides a time stamp and chronology of
indication changes.

Latch bit
Some of the digital MOM+MCD points also incorporate a latch bit alternative. The
latch bit hides the MOM and MCD bits and instead returns the result of combining the
two bits with a logical OR operation. The MOM+MCD bits are generally used for this.

3.4.4.1 Multiple digital inputs mapping

Digital inputs related to two-bit DPC or DPS objects, for instance circuit breaker and
disconnectors, have a multiple mapping in the Modbus address space. The objects’
open and close bits are coded as MOM+MCD bit pair entities. The MCD bits reveals
if the object has changed its position several times since the Modbus master last
scanned it. In addition, the open and close bits are also coded using MOM values only,
among with a fault bit. The fault bit is set to "1" when the object is in intermediate (00)
or faulty (11) position.
Table 10: Bit treatment
Bits Treatment
Close MOM One 2 bit entity
Close MCD
Open MOM One 2 bit entity
Open MCD
:
Close MOM One 1 bit entity
Open MOM One 1 bit entity
Faulty position MOM One 1 bit entity
:

The MOM values are identical in each entity. The MCD bit is only reset if the MOM
bit in the same entity is read.

3.4.4.2 Digital input configuration

Digital input indications are mirrored on several Modbus memory areas. Indications
can be accessed in the Modbus Communication Management tool in PCM600, under
tabs: 1x – discrete inputs, 0x – read only coils, 3x – input registers and 4x – holding
registers. Digital inputs are read-only objects. Writing to the defined 0x and 4x
addresses results in an exception response.

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The bit address field shows the 1x and 0x Modbus memory addresses on which the
data occur as default. The Modbus register address and bit within the register are
shown under the 3x and 4x register views. The address field may also be empty,
meaning that the object is not located in the Modbus memory at all as default. In any
case the indication objects can be taken into use in the user-definable area.

Only active data objects are shown by the Modbus Communication Management tool.
This means objects that are available in functions which are at this moment activated
in the relay configuration.
Table 11: Setting columns in the Modbus CMT view
Setting column Alternatives Description
Bit address Not adjustable The 0x and 1x bit Modbus memory map
address where the object resides as default.
If the field is empty, the object is not visible in
the Modbus memory map as default. The
object can always be further mapped into the
user-definable area.
Data category None1) Point does not belong to any user-definable
data category.
1...16 Point belongs to data category number N. If
any object belonging to this category
changes its value, bit (N-1) in SSR3 gets
value 1. The SSR3 bit value is automatically
reset when master reads it.
Event enable Unchecked1) No Modbus events generated from this point.

Checked Modbus event is generated when the value

changes. Accurate event time stamp is
inherited from IEC 61850 level.
Rising edge only Unchecked1) Modbus event is generated from both value
transitions; from 0 to 1 and from 1 to 0.
Checked Modbus event is generated only from 0 to 1
transitions.

1) Default setting

3.4.5 Measurand registers

The Modbus measurands are located in the Modbus register area. The measurands are
readable from both 3X and 4X areas from the same register addresses.

The Modbus measurands derive from the IED's internal, original IEC 61850 filtered
measurand values. Modbus register values in this IED are always in integer format.
Since the internal IEC 61850 values are often represented as decimal numbers, the
Modbus stack needs to scale these values to integer format. Thus, there always exists
a scaleFactor and an offset parameter for each Modbus register value. The user can
freely configure these parameters with Communication Management tool in
PCM600.

The formula for calculating the Modbus register value is:

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Modbus value = ( IEC 61850Value × scaleFactor ) + Offset

A070857 V1 EN (Equation 1)

The range of the original IEC 61850 value can be seen in the Modbus memory map
point list.

All frequently updated data are readable from a sequential data area. Additionally,
there is a separate sequential data area for measurands and counters with a slow update
rate.

3.4.5.1 Register value update

The Modbus register values can be updated in three ways. For most registers, the
update method is predefined and fixed.
1. The most common method is updating through the internal IED event change
detection. When an analog value is changed, it is detected by the IED and sent
spontaneously to, for example, the IEC 61850 clients. This same value is also
cached in the Modbus database and made visible for the Modbus clients. Most
process values related to current and voltage measurements are mapped this way.
2. Some Modbus register values are mapped from the IED objects that are not part
of the IED change detection. These values are automatically scanned in the
background by the Modbus stack. The Modbus database cache is updated with a
new value when a change is noticed. Most diagnostics and demand values are
mapped this way.
3. A few Modbus register values are available so that the Modbus stack directly
reads the momentary value of the mapped source object. These values are never
cached in the Modbus database. They are only fetched from the source object at
the time of the Modbus client reading. Most registrations are mapped this way.

The Modbus data is derived from the internal IEC 61850 data model. The data model
has a predefined choice of objects which are subject to the internal IED change
detection, that is, the default IEC 61850 dataset. Since the requirements are that all
object changes should be noticed within 1...2 ms, the number of objects in this dataset
is limited by the CPU resources.

Methods 1 and 2 can be used regardless of whether the Modbus stack is integrated on
the same hardware as the application or not. Since data is always returned from the
Modbus cache, the response time is very fast and constant.

Method 3 can only be used if the Modbus stack is integrated on the same hardware as
the application. Several of these object types may be included in a Modbus scan. Since
all these Modbus registers must be fetched separately from the IED source objects, the
assembly of the response message may take a longer time, thus prolonging the
response time.

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3.4.5.2 Primary and per-unit values

Measurands originating from CT or VT measurements can be obtained from the IED

in two ways. They can be viewed either as primary values or as per-unit values.

The primary values are represented internally as decimal numbers. The primary units
are [A] for current and [kV] for voltage. The internal representation of the per-unit
values is always 1.0 at nominal current or voltage. A typical range for a per-unit value
is 0.00...40.00, that is 0 to 40 times nominal. With CMT the user can select how these
values are presented in the Modbus register. It may be necessary to upscale or
downscale the primary values to fit the register's 16 bit integer value. The register's
scaleFactor and offset parameters can be used for this purpose. As a default, this IED
shows per-unit values multiplied with the scaleFactor 1000.

If the primary value representation is selected but no CT or VT ratio

parameters are configured in the IED, the Modbus values remain as
per-unit values. Check the IED configuration to find out the CT or VT
ratio being used.

If scaling of primary values is used, the IED must be rebooted if the

CT/VT ratio settings are changed. Otherwise, Modbus continues
using the old CT/VT settings in its internal scaling algorithms.

3.4.5.3 Register sizes

In most cases the measurands or counters are located in single 16 bit registers. The
measurands are either unsigned or signed two's complement values while the counters
are always unsigned values.

In some cases the measurands or counter values can be located in two consecutive
registers, thus forming a single 32 bit integer value. The 32 bit value is always coded
so that the high word part, that is, the higher 16 bits, is located first in this register
address. The low word part, that is, the lower 16 bits, is then always in the next register
address.

Register sizes and types are clearly stated in the Modbus memory map list.

3.4.5.4 Register saturation

After a re-scaling operation the Modbus value may exceed the limit of the Modbus
register representation. The Modbus value then saturates to the closest max or min
value of the register size in question.

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3.4.5.5 Rearranging of register value ranges

The pre-defined original Modbus register does not always fit inside the whole value
range of the source value.

Example

A counter in the motor protection IED shows the running hours of the motor. The
original system counter value has a range of 0…999999 hours. For Modbus, a 16-bit
unsigned register is defined for this value. The default scale factor for this modbus
register is defined as x1.

The value range for the 16-bit register is only 0…65535. This means that when the
original counter reaches 65535 hours (about seven and half years), the Modbus value
saturates (remains locked) at 65535.

There are several ways to overcome this problem.

• It is always possible to assign the Modbus register value to a 32-bit user-definable
register. Even when the original register saturates at 65535, the user-definable
register continues calculating upwards from this value.
• Rescaling can also be applied on measurands and Modbus counter (integer)
values. The original Modbus value can be edited to show full hours, tens of hours
or days.
• If the source hour value is divided by 10, the Modbus value shows tens of
hours. This accuracy might be sufficient in many cases. Maximum Modbus
register value 65535 would then actually mean 655350 hours, or
approximately 75 years. Here the scale factor for Modbus registers is given
as a multiplicand. Division by 10 is thus same as multiplying it by 0.1
• If the source hour value is divided by 24, the Modbus value shows the
number of days. Division by 24 is same as multiplying by 0.04167.

3.4.5.6 Time of update

Some Modbus values may have a time structure attached to their values in the Modbus
memory map. This is often the case with demand measurement values. The time
structure shows the time when the value was last updated.

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Table 12: Time structure data

Address Register Values Comment
N TimeStamp High byte:year, low
(Year,Month) byte:month
N+1 TimeStamp (Day,Hour) High byte:day, low
byte:hour
N+2 TimeStamp (Min,Sec) High byte:min, low
byte:seconds
N+3 TimeStamp Word: milliseconds
(Milliseconds)
N+4 Time quality See the table about
time quality register

Table 13: Time quality register

Bit Meaning Values
15 Time format 0 = Local time
1 = UTC time
14 Time source 0 = Internal (RTC)
1 = Modbus stack
13 RTC not synchronized 0 = RTC synchronized
1 = Not synchronized
12 RTC Failure 0 = RTC OK
1 = RTC failure
11...0 Not used 0

3.4.5.7 Register configuration

Measurand registers are mirrored on both 3x and 4x Modbus register areas. Registers
can be accessed in the Modbus Communication Management tool in PCM600, under
tabs: 3x – input registers and 4x – holding registers.

Register values are received from the IEC 61850 system level in two formats.
Measurands are usually received as floating point values and counters as integer
values. The Modbus register values are always presented as integer values. To make
the source floating point value decimals visible in the Modbus register, the received
IEC 61850 value can be multiplied with, for example, values 10, 100 or 1000. The
Modbus register rounds the integer part and truncates all decimals that are left in the
source value.

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Table 14: Setting columns in the Modbus Communication Management tool in PCM600
Setting column Alternatives Description
Register address Not adjustable The 3x and 4x Modbus memory
map addresses where the
register resides as default. If the
field is empty, the register is not
visible in the Modbus memory
map as default. The register can
always be further mapped into
the user-definable area.
Data category 01) Register does not belong to any
data category group.
1...16 Register belongs to data
category group number N. If any
object belonging to this group
changes its value, bit (N-1) in
SSR3 gets the value 1. The
SSR3 bit value is automatically
reset when master reads it.
Primary scale factor in use Unchecked1) In case of current and voltage
values, the value is now a PU
(Per Unit) value, where 1.0
corresponds to 1.0 × Nominal
value.
Checked In case of current and voltage
values, the value is now a
primary value, based on the
configured CT and VT ratio
values. Current is in [A] and
voltage is in [kV].
Scale Any real value Modbus value is scaled as Value
× Scale + Offset. The result is a
Offset Any real value correctly rounded integer value.
If the Modbus value exceeds the
register size limit after the
scaling, then it saturates at the
register max value.

1) Default setting

The Primary scale factor in use setting has a meaning only for values that are related
to current or voltage measurements. Usually the check box should be visible only for
these kinds of values. In case the setting occurs for another type of value, it does not
affect the source value.

The primary scale factor setting cannot be applied afterwards in the user-definable
register. The setting must be done at the source register value, and the UDR setting
Scale value format must be configured as “Regular Modbus register value”.

3.4.6 Control operations

The IED's outputs can be controlled either through the 0X coil objects or 4X holding
register control structures. See the Modbus control objects' memory map for the
available control objects.

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The control objects in this IED are either single point or double point control objects.

Single point control object output types

Single point control objects can be either pulse outputs or persistent outputs.

The Modbus client should only write "1" to the pulse outputs. This write operation
activates the control operation and there is no need for the Modbus client to write "0"
to the object. However, writing "0" is not forbidden. The result is that nothing happens
to the control object.

The Modbus client can write both "1" and "0" to the persistent outputs. Therefore, the
persistent outputs have two defined levels: "0" and "1".

Most of the outputs in this IED are pulse outputs.

Double point control operation modes on IEC 61850 level

This IED supports two control models: direct-operate and select-before-operate. The
IEC 61850 single point control objects in this IED are of direct-operate type. The IEC
61850 double point control objects can be configured either into the direct-operate or
select-before-operate mode.

An IEC 61850 double point output cannot support both direct-operate

and select-before-operate modes at the same time.

Double point control operations on Modbus level

The double point select-before-operate mode is usually used for the circuit breaker
operations. Modbus incorporates a 30-second fixed select time-out on protocol level.
Four controllable objects exist on the Modbus level.
• Select open
• Select close
• Cancel selection
• Operate (=execute) selection

Direct operate of a double point object consists of two controllable objects.

• Direct open (writing the value "1" opens the circuit breaker)
• Direct close (writing the value "1" closes the circuit breaker)

Direct operate of a double point object is always possible over

Modbus. In addition, select-before-operate control is possible if the
controllable object's control model is set to "sbo-with-enhanced-
security."

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3.4.6.1 Control functions

Generally, output objects are controlled one at a time. The IED accepts only functions
05 (force single coil) and 15 (force multiple coils), when the 0X coils control structure
is used for control operation.

Only one control bit can be operated at a time when the 4X control structures are used.

Exception codes
Only a few exception code alternatives exist for the write coil and write register
requests in Modbus:
• 01 = illegal function
• 02 = illegal address
• 03 = illegal value

The exception code 03 is also returned if a command operation is rejected due to other
internal reasons. An additional internal reason code for the exception, can be found in
the SSR6 register after the command operation.

Internal control rejection reasons with coils may be, for example:
• The client has no write authority.
• The IED is in local or OFF state.
• The control operation is already reserved by another client and thus blocked.

If a positive acknowledgement is returned, the control command has been initiated by

the IED.

3.4.6.2 Control operations through 4X register structures

The control outputs can be operated through the control structures in the 4X register
area. This means that the control output is also located as a bit within the value and bit
mask registers of the 4X control structure. Although usually less, there may be up to
eight control structures defined in the IED.

The control structure operations can be controlled with passwords. As a default, no

passwords exist for the structures. Any four character ASCII string can be used as a
password. The password string “****” with four asterisks, that is ASCII code 42,
indicates that a password is not used.
Table 15: Single control structure
Location Meaning
4x Reg N Execute register
4x Reg N+1 Password register 1 high, two ASCII characters
4x Reg N+2 Password register 2 low, two ASCII characters
4x Reg N+3 Value register
4x Reg N+4 Bitmask register

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With the control operations the client must assemble the control structure register
values and write them into the IED.

Execute register

The control step is executed when value "1" is written into this register.

Password register 1

If a password is defined, the first two ASCII characters of the four character password
are written into this register: the first character into the higher byte and the second
character into the lower byte of the register. If no password is defined for the control
structure, this register is not checked by the IED.

For example, having 'ab' as the first two characters of the password, the correct register
value to be written by the master is derived the following way: 'ab' = 0×61 0×62 (hex)
= 01100001 01100010 (bin) = 24930 (Int16).

Password register 2

If a password is defined, the last two ASCII characters of the four character password
are written into this register: the third character into the higher byte and the fourth
character into the lower byte of the register. If no password is defined for the control
structure, this register is not checked by the IED.

For example, having 'cd' as the last two characters of the password, the correct register
value to be written by the master is derived the following way: 'cd' = 0×63 0×64 (hex)
= 01100011 01100100 (bin) = 25444 (Int16).

Value register

Set the register bit corresponding to the output to the proper write value. For pulse type
outputs the value is always "1".

Bitmask register

Set the register bit corresponding to the object to be operated to "1". All other bits must
be set to zero.

Control structure register assembling order

The Modbus client can assemble all the control structure registers and write them in
one multiple registers write function 16 request.

The Modbus client can also write the registers in several separate transactions or even
one by one using registers write function 06. The execute register has to be written last
and no more than 15 seconds may occur between the separate register writes. The
control structure operation will time out after 15 seconds after the last register write.

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If several clients are allowed to perform control operations

simultaneously, this method should not be used by more than one of
the multiple clients in question.

Exception codes
Only a few exception code alternatives exist for control structures:
• 01 = illegal function
• 02 = illegal address
• 03 = illegal value

The exception code 03 is also returned if a command operation is rejected due to other
internal reasons. An additional internal reason code for the exception, can be found in
the SSR6 register after the command operation.

The primary internal rejection reasons for control structure write operations may be
for example:
• The Modbus control structure write has timed out (15 sec).
• The client has no write authority.
• The IED is in the local or OFF state.
• The control operation is blocked, that means already reserved, by another client.

If a positive acknowledgement is returned, the control command has been initiated

inside the IED.

3.4.6.3 Additional control operation features

Normal or enhanced security operations

Control objects on IED system level (IEC 61850 level) always follow a control model.
Control model alternatives are referred to as normal-security or enhanced-security.
Some control objects has a fixed control model. Other objects' control models are
configurable. On Modbus level this means:

Normal security object

• Positive confirmation means that the control has been activated and the
application behind the control point has performed successfully.
• Exception 03 response from a normal-security object means that either the
control is not activated, or the control is activated, but the application behind the
control point does not perform successfully.

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Enhanced security object

• Positive confirmation means that control has been activated. The application
behind the control point has started, but has not yet finished. SSR6 state is set into
‘In progress’.
• Exception 03 response means that the control is not activated. SSR6 reason code
is updated.

After a positive confirmation, SSR6 state is set to ‘Ready’ when the application
control eventually is terminated. SSR6 reason code is updated with either a positive or
a negative reason code.

Impact on master’s logic

Only one control sequence can be performed at a time by the IED. A new Modbus
control command cannot be accepted by the IED after an enhanced security object
control, until the SSR6 state is set to ‘Ready’.

Enhanced security objects are in practice always Double Point objects. For example,
in the case of a control made to a motor-controlled disconnector, the control sequence
lasts 10 seconds. Master can monitor the command progress.

• By polling the SSR6 register and examine the state bits. Control can be in state 'In
progress' for 10 seconds.
• Double Point object .stSeld attribute is set to ‘1’ while the control operation is in
progress. This also lasts for 10 seconds.
• The control should result in some input data eventually changing position. This
input data could be monitored to determine that the control operation is over. This
should also take 10 seconds.

3.4.6.4 Control bit configuration

Control bits are write-only coil (0x) data. In addition, some of the control bits are
assigned in parallel to holding register (4x) control structures.

Control bits can be accessed in the Modbus Communication Management tool in

PCM600, under the tab: 0x – writable coils.

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Table 16: Control bits

Setting column Alternatives Description
Bit address Empty Control point is not in use. It can
be edited with Delete + Enter
keys.
1...65535 Control point is not in use on this
Coil (0x) address. This is a write-
only coil. A (read-only) indication
can be mapped to the same coil
address, without the two objects
interfering one another.
Control struct number Not adjustable 0: Control structure not defined.
1...N: Control structure number
defined.
Control struct bit Not adjustable 0...15: Bit definition within the
Control structure.

The bit address is configurable. It is also possible to completely remove a control point
from the Modbus 0x memory map by first deleting the address and then pressing
ENTER.

Modbus controls have been defined for all controllable switchgear and generic control
functions. The easiest way to prevent unwanted remote operations is to remove the
control points from the memory map. Generic control points might be in use for
internal purposes by the relay configuration. In such case effects can be harmful if the
same points are simultaneously written from the communication.

The Modbus controllable write-only coil point definitions are separated from the read-
only coil point definitions. It is possible to define a write-only object X and a read-only
object Y to the same 0x coil bit address Z. While this may be a violation of the 0x
Modbus area intention in some cases, it is safe from the relay's point of view. It means
that reading of 0x coil address Z returns the value of object Y, and writing to 0x coil
address Z activates the object X.

In the configuration example, a physical output on coil address 100 needs to be

controlled. The state of the physical output should be readable from the same coil
address 100.

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Modbus memory map Application configuration

Physical
SPCGAPC output
Coil Write-only addr 100
100 Read-only addr 100

MVGAPC

GUID-8FE88A9A-20F7-4AE8-A2CF-CED69016B575 V1 EN

Figure 3: Write and read coil example

The state of the physical output is wired to an MVGAPC input. The MVGAPC “Mom-
only” signal alternative is chosen for the Modbus indication. The MVGAPC user-
definable address is configured as 100. SPCGAPC output is wired to the physical
output. The writable coil address is also adjusted to 100. Alternatively, the physical
output state (XGGIO) Modbus signal could be mapped to coil address 100. However,
this signal contains also the MCD bit, so the indication would then cover two coil
addresses, 100 and 101.

3.4.7 System status registers

The Modbus SSRx 16 bit system status registers are located at the beginning of the
regular Modbus map at addresses 40128...40133. The regular Modbus map starts from
register location 128. See the Modbus memory map for the actual locations of SSRx
registers. The SSRx registers can also be read from the 3X register area from
corresponding register addresses.
Table 17: System status registers
Register Description Address
SSR1 Device health 40128
SSR2 Device mode 40129
SSR3 Data available 1 40130
SSR4 Data available 2 40131
SSR5 Device alive counter 40132
SSR6 Last command result 40133

3.4.7.1 SSR1

The device health SSR1 register is located at address 40128. The bits in SSR1 are
common for all Modbus clients. The bits in SSR1 give an overview of the IED health.

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If a specific bit in this register is "1", it signifies a warning or an error in the hardware
entity in question.

More specific warning and error codes can be read from elsewhere in
the Modbus memory. See the Modbus memory map for these register
locations.

Table 18: 16-bit SSR1 register

Bit Meaning
0 Device global warning
1 Device global error
2 Slot 0 (X130) warning or error
3 Slot 1 (X120) warning or error
4 Slot 2 (X110) warning or error
5 Slot 3 (X100) warning or error
6 Slot 4 (X000) warning or error
7...15 0 = not used

3.4.7.2 SSR2

The device mode SSR2 register is located at address 40129. The bit values in SSR2 are
common for all Modbus clients. The bits give an overview of the IED's mode. For
example, bit 6 is activated if the IED's configured time synchronization source is lost.
Table 19: 16 bit SSR2 register
Bit Meaning
0 Test mode (1= Device is set into test mode)
1...2 Local/Remote states (bit 1= LSB)
00 = Remote – Modbus controls allowed
01 = Station – Modbus controls allowed
10 = Local – Modbus controls not allowed
11 = Off – Modbus controls not allowed
3...5 Active setting parameter setting group (bit 3 = LSB)
001 = Setting group 1
010 = Setting group 2
011 = Setting group 3
100 = Setting group 4
101 = Setting group 5
110 = Setting group 6
6 IED time synchronization failure (1 = Failure)
7 0 = not used
8 Last reset cause (1= Power reset)
9 Last reset cause (1= Watchdog reset)
10 Last reset cause (1= Warm reset)
11...15 0 = not used

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3.4.7.3 SSR3

The data available 1 SSR3 register is located at address 40130. The bit values in the
SSR3 register are Modbus client dependent.

Bits 0 and 1 are set to "1" as long as the client in question has not read out the available
Modbus event or fault records.

Bit 4 is set to "1" if any momentary bit has been updated in the Modbus memory map.
The bit is reset when the client reads the register.

Bit 5 is set to "1" if any MCD bit has been set in the Modbus memory map. The bit is
reset when the client reads the register.

Bit 6 is set to "1" to indicate the device restart. The bit is reset when the client reads
this register.

Bit 8 is set to "1" when an event record has been loaded into registers 49252...49262.
The bit is reset when the client writes the reset code 4 to the event record selection
register 49251.

Bit 9 is set to "1" when a fault record has been loaded into registers starting from
49402. The bit is reset when the client writes the reset code 4 to the fault record
selection register 49401.
Table 20: 16 bit SSR3 register
Bit Meaning
0 Unread event records available
1 Unread fault records available
2 0 = not used
3 0 = not used
4 Any MOM bit updated
5 Any indication MCD bit set
6 Device restart bit
7 0 = not used
8 Event record ready for reading
9 Fault record ready for reading
10...15 0 = not used

3.4.7.4 SSR4

The data available in SSR4 register is located at address 40131. The bit values in SSR4
are Modbus client dependent.

Bits 0...15 in the SSR4 registers correspond to different data categories in the regular
Modbus memory map. Bit 0 corresponds to data category 1, bit 1 to data category 2
and so on.

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If a bit is set to "1", some data belonging to the category in question has changed since
the client last scanned the register. The SSR4 bit or bits are cleared when the register
is read.

The data category number for each Modbus data is shown in the Modbus memory
map. The meaning of the category number is available in a separate table. If the data
have not been assigned to any category, the data category number for that data is set
to "0". The data category number is freely configurable with Communication
Management tool in PCM600. The table below is an example of how the categories
can be divided.
Table 21: 16 bit SSR4 register
Bit Meaning Data category
0 Data in category 1 changed 1 = Physical inputs
1 Data in category 2 changed 1 = Protection function start/trip
2 Data in category 3 changed 1 = LED Alarm
3 Data in category 4 changed 1 = New disturbance record available
4 Data in category 5 changed 1 = New demand values
5 Data in category 6 changed 1 = New peak demand values
6 Data in category 7 changed 0
7 Data in category 8 changed 0
8 Data in category 9 changed 0
9 Data in category 10 changed 0
10 Data in category 11 changed 0
11 Data in category 12 changed 0
12 Data in category 13 changed 0
13 Data in category 14 changed 0
14 Data in category 15 changed 0
15 Data in category 16 changed 0

3.4.7.5 SSR5

The device alive counter SSR5 register is located at address 40132. SSR5 simply
counts upwards from 0 to 65535 and then starts over. The meaning of this register is
to assure that the device is actually operating.

3.4.7.6 SSR6

The last command result SSR6 register is located at address 40133. This client
dependent SSR6 register shows the result of a specific client's last write attempt. This
is especially useful if the exception code 03 appears or if the command initiates a
secured control operation. The client will only see its own results, not the results of
other clients. A client with no write authority will receive a 0x0000 value response
when reading this register.

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Table 22: 16 bit SSR6 register

ClientCmdSEQNo Cmd State Resp Type CMDResultCode
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

ClientCmdSEQNo

Counts the client's control operations from 0000...1111, that is 0...15, and then starts
over.

CmdState

00 = No write command has ever been issued by this client

01 = Command in progress

11 = Response Ready

RespType

01 = Unsecured control response

10 = Secured control response

11 = Modbus 03 exception response valid. CMDResultCode is in this case 0. The

reason for the 03 exception is an invalid written value.
Table 23: CMDResultCode
Code Meaning
0 OK
201 Device in local mode
202 Control operation reserved by another client
203 Select-timeout or Execute/Cancel without select
204 Control operation internally blocked
205 Control operation timed out
250 Other reason

3.4.8 User-definable data

There can be several reasons for defining UD data. For example, the user may want to
repack a limited amount of important data into sequential addresses and thereafter
only scan this smaller set of data. Especially with serial links, this saves bandwidth and
improves response times.

User-definable register can be used if more advanced rescaling and re-manipulating

of the regular Modbus register is needed. Many of these features are defined for

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retrofit purposes and are not needed for normal installations. Some rescaling features
are redundant at the moment.

3.4.8.1 User definable registers

The Modbus register areas 3X and 4X from 1 to 127 can be compiled freely by the
user. Almost any regular register data in the Modbus memory map can be made to
appear as a register copy in this UDR memory area. The regular Modbus source
register is not moved away from its original location and thus it can be read also from
the original location.

3.4.8.2 User definable bits

The Modbus bit address areas 0X and 1X from bit 16 to 2047 can be freely compiled
by the user. Almost any regular bit data in the Modbus memory map can be made to
appear as a bit data copy in this UDB memory area. The regular Modbus source bit
data are not moved away from their original location and thus they can be read also
from the original location.

The bit 16 is the first valid bit address in the address space because the
register and bit addresses overlap and the register addresses start from
the register location 1. The bit address 16 is the same as register 1, bit
0.

3.4.8.3 Data exceptions

Some exceptions exist for the Modbus source data concerning the UD mapping.
• None of the system status registers or fixed register structures can appear in the
UD area.
• UD registers/bits themselves cannot act as source data for other UD data.
• Modbus source data can only be attached to one UD location.

3.4.8.4 Data properties

The UD data inherits all properties from the source data. This applies to:
• The memory areas on which the source data are located
• Data pre-scaling in case of registers

3.4.8.5 Unmapped data locations

It is possible to partially scan unmapped register or bit locations, also known as gaps.
No exception responses are generated. The unmapped locations always return data
value 0.

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3.4.8.6 UDR data configuration

UDR definitions can be created using the Communication Management tool in

PCM600.

3.4.8.7 UDR register value manipulation

UDR values are initially copied from the source register. Thereafter the following
manipulations can be applied to the UDR value.

Additional rescaling of the source data value

There are three possibilities for UDR rescaling of the Modbus source register value.

Multiplicative and divisor scaling are similar operations. The defined scale factor can
in both cases be a decimal value. For example, multiplicative scaling by 0.25 is the
same as divisor scaling by 4.

Ratio scaling can be used in the same manner as multiplicative or divisor scaling, but
including an offset. Additionally, it is possible to define new limit ranges for the
resulting register value. Value then saturates (stops) at the defined min. and max.
values. This may be needed for retrofit purposes, in case the relay value must emulate
exactly the same value range as the value from the replaced unit.

For multiplicative and divisor scaling, the register value always saturates at the min.
and max. values for the register type in question. The value does not roll over.

Swapping high and low words within a 32-bit register

32-bit registers do not exist in the Modbus standard. A 32-bit register consists of two
consecutive 16-bit registers that together form the 32-bit value. There is no official
definition for the low-high word order in a 32-bit register. Most vendors, including
this relay, use the order high-low (high word on lower address) as default. In case the
word order would be incorrect, for example in a retrofit case, it is possible to change
it.

Specific retrofit UDR manipulations

• Swapping of the byte order within a register word
• Redefining the register bit size. Less than 16 bits are used for the value. The used
bits can additionally be left or right justified within the register, that is, they can
appear on either the most significant or least significant side of the register.

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Table 24: UDR scaling alternatives

Scaling alternative Setting Description
No scaling No change is made to the sourceValue
Ratio scaling UDRScaleArg1 = Min in
UDRScaleArg2 = Max in
UDRScaleArg3 = Min Uses all 4 scaling arguments
out UDRScaleArg1...UDRScaleArg4.

UDRScaleArg4 = Max
out
Multiplicative UDRScaleArg1 =
scaling Multiplicand Uses the argument UDRScaleArg1 (Min in)
Divisior scaling UDRScaleArg1 = Divisor Uses the argument UDRScaleArg1 (Min in)

Ratio scaling Operation

The sourceValue is to be checked for saturation. If it is less than Min in, the UDR result
value is equal to Min out. If it is greater than Max in, the UDR result value is Max out.
Otherwise the UDR result value is calculated as
• X = (MaxOut-MinOut)/(MaxIn-MinIn)
• UDR_ResultValue = X × sourceValue + (MinOut - X × MinIn)

Multiplicative scaling Operation

UDR_resultValue = sourceValue × multiplicand

Divisior scaling Operation

UDR_resultValue = sourceValue/Divisor

3.4.8.8 UDR register configuration

UDR registers are read-only registers mirrored both on input register (3x) and holding
register (4x) areas. After adding a Modbus register value into the user-definable
memory area, it is possible to leave it in exactly the same format as the source Modbus
value. Alternatively, it is possible to change the user-definable value outlook to better
suit the Modbus master.

The UDR value configuration can be divided in three parts.

• Initial properties. Redefine the user-definable register type and how the Modbus
value source is retrieved.
• Rescaling. Applies a new scaling to the UDR value.
• Presentation. Modifies the presentation of the UDR value. These modifications
are only needed for special retrofit cases.

Columns in the tool do not necessary appear in the same order as in the table.

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Table 25: Configuration columns in Modbus Communication Management tool in PCM600

Setting column Alternatives Description
Initial properties
Scale value format Regular Modbus register UDR value initially inherits
value1) scaling from the source Modbus
register. This includes the
source value Primary scale in
use setting. If checked, the value
is automatically presented as a
primary value, according to the
system CT and VT ratio settings.
DA value from system level UDR value is initially the same
as the IEC 61850 value received
from system level. For current
and voltage measurements this
means PU value (1.0
corresponds to 1.0 × nominal
value).
UDR register size (v2) Same as the source register1) If the Modbus source register is a
16-bit register, then the UDR
register is automatically also 16-
bit. This principle applies to 32-
bit registers, too.
16-bit UDR register is forced to 16-bit,
regardless of the source register
size.
32-bit UDR register is forced to 32-bit,
regardless of the source register
size.
UDR register type Same as the source register1) If the Modbus register is an
unsigned register, also the UDR
register is unsigned. This
principle applies to signed
source registers, too.
Unsigned The value is interpreted as a
positive value only.
Signed The value is interpreted as a
signed two's complement value.
Rescaling
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Setting column Alternatives Description

Scaling No scaling1) No rescaling of the Modbus UDR
value. Scaling arguments are
ignored.
Ratio scaling Linear scaling of the source
value between the source range
“Min In”...”Max In” into UDR
value range “Min Out”...”Max
Out”. The scaled UDR value
saturates at “Min Out” and “Max
Out” values.
Multiplicative scaling The source value is multiplied
with scaling argument 1 (similar
to argument in Ratio “Min In”).
Other scaling arguments are
ignored.
Divisor scaling The source value is divided by
the scaling argument 1 (similar to
argument in Ratio “Min In”).
Other scaling arguments are
ignored.
Min In Any real value Scaling argument 1. Used also
as the scaling factor for
Multiplicative and Divisor
scaling.
Max In Any real value Scaling argument 2.
Min Out Any real value Scaling argument 3.
Max Out Any real value Scaling argument 4.
Presentation: 32-bit register presentation
Word swap Unchecked1) 32-bit register value expressed
according to “de facto” standard.
Word order High-Low.
Checked 32-bit register value word order
changed to Low-High.
Presentation: Special retrofit value manipulation
Byte swap Unchecked1) 16-bit register value expressed
according to Modbus standard.
Byte order High-Low.
Checked 16-bit register value byte order
changed to Low-High.
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Setting column Alternatives Description

Bit size 01) Register bit size reduction not in
use. All bits in register used by
the value.
2...31 Register bit size reduced to this
value. Saturation limits of the
value according to the
configured bit size, including
possible sign bit.
Justification Right1) After a value bit size reduction,
the remaining value bits are
aligned to the right (LSB) side of
the register.
Left After a value bit size reduction,
the remaining value bits are
aligned to the left (MSB) side of
the register.

1) Default value

Multiplicative and divisor scaling are in principle similar operations, because any real
value can be used as scaling argument. For example, divisor scaling by 4 is the same
as multiplicative scaling by 0.25.

3.4.9 Event records

The IED creates a Modbus event record when a momentary digital input bit changes
its value. The IED then stores the changed Modbus bit location and value into the
Modbus event record buffer. The event time tag is also stored into the record. The time
tag includes a full time stamp from a year down to milliseconds.

Modbus event generation on/off is selectable for each individual momentary bit in the
Modbus memory map. It is possible to define whether events are to be generated from
the rising edge- or both edges' transitions of the momentary bit.

If the Modbus indication point is mapped to the user definable Modbus area, then the
possible events from this point come from the original Modbus point location. In case
the UDR mapped indication point has no original Modbus point location, then the
event comes from its UDR point location

Modbus events can also be generated from selected Modbus registers. This concerns
registers containing status information. In this case events would be generated each
time the register's integer value changes.

The size of the IED's internal Modbus event record buffer is 500 events. The 500 latest
events are at any time readable from the IED. When the Modbus event record buffer
becomes full, the IED overwrites the oldest event records in the buffer.

Multiple clients support

Several Modbus clients can independently of one another read out Modbus event
records from the IED. The Modbus event buffer keeps track of where in the event

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buffer the different clients are reading at the moment. Clients are identified either by
the serial port from where the requests are issued or by the client's IP address in the
TCP/IP network. Up to 25 different IP addresses, belonging to both registered and
unregistered Modbus clients, can be memorized by the IED.

3.4.9.1 Single event record structure

The Modbus event record structure is located at addresses 49251...49262.

Table 26: Event record structure
Address Register Values Comment
49251 Event selection 1...5 and -1...-499 Write register
49252 Sequence Number 0...65535
49253 Unread records left 0...499
49254 TimeStamp High byte:year, low byte:month
(Year,Month)
49255 TimeStamp (Day, High byte:day, low byte:hour
Hour)
49256 TimeStamp (Min, Sec) High byte:min, low byte:second
49257 TimeStamp Word: milliseconds (0...999)
(Milliseconds)
49258 Event type See separate description
49259 Data Object ID 1 0 or UID high word See separate description
49260 Data Object ID 2 Modbus address or UID low
word
49261 Data Value Modbus data value Value into which object has
changed
49262 Data Value Additional data

The event record can have two different data object identification alternatives. The
data object can be identified by the Modbus address on which the object resides or it
can be identified by a unique id which is platform dependent.

The identification alternative is selected with the Modbus parameter Event ID.

3.4.9.2 Single event record reading

As long as there are unread Modbus events available for the Modbus client in
question, bit 0 of Modbus SSR3 register remains "1".

Events are read in two steps. First, the client writes a selection code to the Event
selection register at location 49251. The selection code defines the type of read
operation that the client wants to perform. The selected event record is loaded by the
IED into the following 11 registers from 9252 to 9262. Second, the client reads out the
11 registers in one multiple register read operation.

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Event records can be read by using two commands, function 6 for the
write operation and function 3 for the read operation, or by using
function 23 that includes write and read operations in the same
transaction.

If event records are read by using two commands, the positive

confirmation to the write select operation tells the client that an event
record has been loaded for reading. Another way to detect the positive
confirmation is by monitoring the state of SSR3 bit 8.

Selection code 1: Reading the oldest unread record

When writing the selection code 1, the IED first checks the client. If the client has read
events before, the IED knows which internal event has been sent to this specific client
during the last reading. The IED then loads the next event, that is the oldest unread,
into the next 11 registers. If this is the first time the client reads events from the IED,
the oldest event of the Modbus event buffer is loaded into the 11 event record registers.

Selection code 2: Reading the oldest stored record

Selection code 2 always forces the event reading to go back to the oldest event in the
Modbus event buffer. The oldest event record is then loaded into the 11 event record
registers. After the client has read out this record, the next record becomes the oldest
unread. The client can continue with the selection code 1 by reading out the oldest
unread event record again.

Selection code -1...-499

A negative selection code, that is a 16 bit two's complement value, defines how many
records backwards from the newest event the event record reading is to be moved. For
example, the ten latest events could be read out at any time by first selecting -10,
reading out the event and then continuing with the selection code 1 to read out the nine
additional event records. There can be 500 event records altogether.

Selection code 3: Resetting the event read pointer

The write selection 3 is not followed by a read operation. The selection 3 means that
there are no unread records in the Modbus event buffer left for the client in question,
that is, the buffer is cleared. The next new event that is logged into the Modbus event
buffer becomes the first unread record for this specific client.

Selection code 4: Resetting SSR3 bit 8

The write selection 4 is not followed by a read operation. The selection code only
resets the bit 8 in SSR3.

Selection code 5: Reading the record stored in the very end of the event
list
Selection code 5 forces the event reading to the very end of the Modbus events queue.

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If event records are read by using two commands, the client can re-
read the 11 event record registers as many times as it wants. As long
as no new selection write operation is performed, the contents of the
11 event record registers are not changed.

3.4.9.3 Other event record registers

Sequence number
Every Modbus event record is given a sequence number. The sequence number runs
from 1 to 65535 and then rolls over to 1 again. The client can check that the sequence
numbers of the recorded data are sequential. During the event buffer overflow the
client can notice a jump in the sequence numbers when some event records are lost.
The gap between the new and the previous sequence number reveals exactly how
many event records have been lost.

Unread records left

This register shows how many unread event records still remain unread for the client
in question at a particular moment.

Time stamp registers

Time stamp is either in local time or UTC time. The time stamp alternative is selected
with a Modbus parameter.

Time stamp registers usually hold two data values in the high and low byte of the
registers. High byte value = RegisterValue DIV 256, Low byte value = RegisterValue
MOD 256. The Milliseconds register is an exception as it contains the milliseconds
0...999 coded as such.

Event type
This register contains information to interpret the event data correctly.
Table 27: Information contained by the 16 bit register
Bit Meaning Values
15 Event time 0 = Local time 1 = UTC time
stamp
format
14 Time stamp 0 = Internal application 1 = Modbus stack
source
13 Clock not 0 = Synchronized 1 = Time not synchronized
synchronize
d
12 Clock failure 0 = Clock OK 1 = Clock failure
11 Reserved 0
10 Reserved 0
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Bit Meaning Values

9 Reserved 0
8 Data object 0 = Modbus address 1 = UID data
ID type
7...0 Data value 00000000 = One bit indication 00000001 = ACD indication
identification 00000010 = Two bit indication 00000011 = SEC indication+add data
00000100... 00001001 = reserved
00001010 = Integer value 00001011...
11111111 = reserved

Event time stamp format bit 15

The time stamp format can be selected with a Modbus parameter via the LHMI,
WHMI or the Parameter Setting tool.

Event time stamp source bit 14

The time stamp can be generated by the IED application (accurate time) or by
Modbus. If generated by Modbus, the change values are detected by the Modbus
background scan task. Since there is a latency time between the value change and the
time when Modbus detects the change, the time stamp is not accurate in this case.

Clock not synchronized bit 13

The quality information bit is set in the IED's real-time clock if the IED has not been
synchronized.

Clock failure bit 12

The quality information bit is set in the IED's real-time clock if the clock has a severe
failure. Do not rely on this time stamp.

Data object ID bit 8

The coding alternatives of the data object ID registers 1 and 2 are the Modbus address
or UID. The coding alternatives cannot occur simultaneously in the IED but are
selected and configured at the system setup phase. The default setting is "Modbus
address".

The UID code is 32 bits wide and occupies both registers 9259 and 9260. The word
order is high/low. The UID code refers to the functional design of the IED platform in
which the object resides. Shortly, it means that the UID code is equal in all the
platform IEDs in which the same functional design and the same Modbus object is
used.

While UID is supported for backwards compatibility, it is not

unambiguous for all indication objects.

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Different Modbus indications originating from the same IEC 61850

data attribute have an identical UID. It is therefore recommended to
use the Modbus address as the identification instead of the UID.

Data value identification bits 5..0

Coding of the event data value is one bit, two bits or 32 bits. The coding depends on
the IEC 61850 common data class which is the origin of the Modbus data in question.
Table 28: Modbus event value alternatives
Object derived from Meaning One Bit Data Two Bit Data 32 bit Data
IEC 61850 Class Value Value Value
SPS Single Point Status X
SPC Single Point Status of a controllable X
object
DPS Dual Point Status X
DPC Dual Point Status of a controllable X
object
ACT Trip status X
ACD Start/Pick-up status X
INS/INC Integer status X

Table 29: Interpretation of the one-bit data value

Register 49261 binary coded value Meaning
xxxx.xxxx.xxxx.xxx0 Object in OFF position
xxxx.xxxx.xxxx.xxx1 Object in ON position

Table 30: Interpretation of the two-bit data value

Register 49261 binary coded value Meaning
xxxx.xxxx.xxxx.xx00 Object in intermediate position (changing)
xxxx.xxxx.xxxx.xx01 Object in ON (close) position
xxxx.xxxx.xxxx.xx10 Object in OFF (open) position
xxxx.xxxx.xxxx.xx11 Object in faulty position

In case of a DPS/DPC two-bit event value (Data value identification

= 2), the data object ID registers 49259 and 49260 always refer to the
Modbus address or UID of the CLOSE momentary value bit.

Table 31: Interpretation of the integer status data value

Register address Meaning
49261 Higher 16 bit part of the 32 bit integer value
49262 Lower 16 bit part of the 32 bit integer value

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Table 32: Interpretation of the ACD data

Register address Meaning
49261 xxxx.xxxx.xxxx.xxx0 Object in OFF position
xxxx.xxxx.xxxx.xxx1 Object in ON position
49262 xxxx.xxxx.xxxx.xx00 Start in unknown direction
xxxx.xxxx.xxxx.xx01 Start in forward direction
xxxx.xxxx.xxxx.xx10 Start in backwards direction
xxxx.xxxx.xxxx.xx11 Start in both directions

Table 33: Interpretation of the SEC data

Register address Meaning
49261 xxxx.xxxx.xxxx.x000 Unknown security violation
xxxx.xxxx.xxxx.x001 Critical security violation
xxxx.xxxx.xxxx.x010 Major security violation
xxxx.xxxx.xxxx.x011 Minor security violation
xxxx.xxxx.xxxx.x100 Warning
49262 Security violations counter, 16 bits

The original SEC cnt attribute is actually defined as a 32 bit counter. The Modbus
event shows the least significant 16 bits of that counter, that is 0...65535.

3.4.9.4 Multiple event records reading

It is possible to read out up to 10 sequential event records in one event select/read

transaction. The number of sequential event records to be returned for reading shall be
written to the Num of records register (49250) in front of the selection register. This
number can be written once or it can be rewritten for each select/read transaction. If
this number is never written, only one event record is returned.

If the Modbus client requests multiple event records, the returned records should also
be read out by the client. One record consists of 11 registers, two records of 22
registers and so on. The read length must thus be adjusted depending on the number
of records requested.

The selection/read operation is otherwise exactly similar to the single-record read

case. The next records to be returned always continues from the last record in the
previous read operation.

Reading out more event records than are available in the internal event
buffer
The requested amount of event records is always returned for reading. For example,
if 10 event records are requested, but the IED only contains five event records, the last
valid event record is repeated (duplicated) in the last five event records returned. The

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easiest way to detect the duplication is to check the sequence number of the event
records. The sequence numbers remain similar to the duplicated event records.

Extended event record structure

The extended register addresses are 49250 and 49263-49361.
Table 34: Extended event record structure with the maximum of 10 event records
Address Register Values Description
49250 Num of records 1...10 Write: Number of Event
structures
49251 Selection Write: Selection code
49252 Sequence Number 1
49253 Unread records left 1
49254 TimeStamp 1
49255 TimeStamp 1
49256 TimeStamp 1
49257 TimeStamp 1 Event record 1
49258 Event Type 1
49259 Data Object Id 1_1
49260 Data Object Id 2_1
49261 Data Value 1
49262 Data Value 1
49263 Sequence Number 2
49264 Unread records left 2
49265 TimeStamp 2
49266 TimeStamp 2
49267 TimeStamp 2
49268 TimeStamp 2 Event record 2
49269 Event Type 2
49270 Data Object Id 1_2
49271 Data Object Id 2_2
49272 Data Value 2
49273 Data Value 2
49274 Sequence Number 3 Event record 3
: : : :
49285 Sequence Number 4 Event record 4
: : : :
49296 Sequence Number 5 Event record 5
: : : :
49307 Sequence Number 6 Event record 6
: : : :
49318 Sequence Number 7 Event record 7
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Address Register Values Description

: : : :
49329 Sequence Number 8 Event record 8
: : : :
49340 Sequence Number 9 Event record 9
: : : :
49351 Sequence Number 10
49352 Unread records left 10
49353 TimeStamp 10
49354 TimeStamp 10
49355 TimeStamp 10
49356 TimeStamp 10 Event record 10
49357 Event Type 10
49358 Data Object Id 1_10
49359 Data Object Id 2_10
49360 Data Value 10
49361 Data Value 10

3.4.10 Fault records

A fault record is created by the IED as a set of registrations during a detected fault
period. The registration includes the selected peak values and the global duration
value of the protection stages, the time of recording and a sequence number for the
fault record.

The size of the IED's internal Modbus fault record buffer is 100 records. The 100 latest
fault records are at any time readable from the IED. The Modbus fault record is
Modbus dependent and the data organization and buffer size differ from the IED's
initial system level registrations. When the Modbus fault record buffer becomes full,
the IED overwrites the oldest records in the buffer.

Multiple clients support

Several Modbus clients can independently of one another read out the Modbus fault
records from the IED. The Modbus fault record buffer keeps track of where in the
buffer the different clients are reading at the moment. Clients are identified either by
the serial port from where the requests are issued or by the client's IP address in the
TCP/IP network.

3.4.10.1 Fault record structure

The IED's fault record structure starts from the location 49401 and consists of a fixed
header part and an application data part. The application data part is always IED type
specific. The whole fault record including the IED-specific application data part is
found in the Modbus memory map section.

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Table 35: Header part of the record structure

Address Register Values Comment
49401 Fault record selection 1...5 and -1...-99 Write register
49402 Sequence Number 0...65535
49403 Unread records left 0...99
49404 TimeStamp (Year,Month) High byte:year, low byte:month
49405 TimeStamp (Day, Hour) High byte:day, low byte:hour
49406 TimeStamp (Min, Sec) High byte:min, low byte:second
49407 TimeStamp (Milliseconds) Word: milliseconds (0...999)
49408 Time quality
49409 From this location onwards starts the Fault record application data...

Fault record application data part

The data in the application section are IED type dependent. The description of the data
is found in the Modbus fault record section of the Modbus memory map.

3.4.10.2 Fault record reading

As long as there are unread fault records available for the Modbus client in question,
bit 1 of the Modbus SSR3 register remains "1".

The fault record reading is done in two steps. First, the client writes a selection code
to the Fault record selection register at the location 49401. The selection code defines
the type of read operation that the client wants to do. The selected fault record is loaded
by the IED into the following N registers (49402-NNNN). Second, the client reads out
these registers in one multiple register read operation.

The fault records can be read by using two commands, the function 6
for the write operation and the function 3 for the read operation, or by
using the function 23 that includes write and read operations in the
same transaction.

If the fault records are read by using two commands, the positive
confirmation to the write select operation tells the client that a fault
record has been loaded for reading. Another way to detect the positive
confirmation is by monitoring the state of SSR3 bit 9.

Fault record structure length

Since the application data part is IED type dependent, the length of the fault record
structures vary in different types of IEDs. A client can read out more Modbus registers
than are actually coded in one structure when reading out the data structures. The
maximum read amount is 80 Modbus registers. The additional trailing registers

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contain the value 0. The Modbus protocol will give an exception response if the client
tries to read out too few registers from the fault record structure.

Selection code 1: Reading the oldest unread record

When writing the selection code 1, the IED first checks the client. If the client has been
reading fault records before, the IED knows which internal fault record has been sent
to this specific client during the last reading. The IED then loads the next fault record,
that is the oldest unread, into the registers following the selection register. If this is the
first time the client reads fault records from the IED, the oldest fault record of the
Modbus fault record buffer is given to the client.

Selection code 2: Reading the oldest stored record

The selection code 2 always forces the fault record reading to go back to the oldest
fault record stored in the buffer. The oldest fault record is then loaded into the registers
following the selection register. After the client has read out this record, the next
record becomes the oldest unread. The client can continue by reading out the oldest
unread fault records again with the selection code 1.

Selection code -1...-99

A negative selection code, that is a 16 bit two's complement value, defines how many
records backwards from the newest fault record the reading is to be moved. For
example, the ten latest fault records can be read out at any time by first selecting -10,
reading out the record and then continuing with the selection code 1 to read out the
nine additional records

Selection code 3: Resetting the fault record read pointer

The write selection code 3 is not followed by a read operation. The selection 3 means
that there are no unread records in the Modbus fault record buffer left for the client in
question, that is, the buffer is cleared.. The next new fault record that is logged into the
Modbus fault record buffer becomes the first unread record for this specific client.

Selection code 4: Resetting SSR3 bit 9

The write selection 4 is not followed by any read operation. The selection code only
resets bit 9 in SSR3.

Selection code 5: Reading the record stored in the very end of the fault
record list
Selection code 5 forces the fault records reading to the very end of the Modbus fault
records queue.

If the fault records are read by using two commands, the client can re-
read the given fault record registers as many times as it wants. As long
as no new selection write operation is performed, the contents of the
fault record registers are not changed.

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3.4.10.3 Other fault record registers

Sequence number
Every fault record is given a sequence number. The sequence number runs from 1 to
65535 and then rolls over to one again. The client can check that the sequence numbers
of the recorded data are sequential. During the fault record buffer overflow the client
can notice a jump in the sequence numbers when some fault records are lost. The gap
between the new and the previous sequence number reveals exactly how many records
have been lost.

Unread records Left

This register shows how many unread fault records still remain unread for the client
in question at a particular moment.

Time stamp registers

The time stamp registers usually hold two data values in the high and low byte of the
registers. High byte value = RegisterValue DIV 256, Low byte value = RegisterValue
MOD 256. An exception is the milliseconds register which contains the milliseconds
0...999 coded as such. Time stamp also contains a time quality register.

Time quality
Table 36: Information contained by the 16 bit (bits 15..0) register
Bit Meaning Values
15 Event time stamp format 0 = Local time 1 = UTC time
14 Time stamp source 0 = Internal 1 = Modbus stack
application
13 Clock not synchronized 0 = Synchronized 1 = Time not
synchronized
12 Clock failure 0 = Clock OK 1 = Clock failure
11...0 Reserved 0

Event time stamp format bit 15

The time stamp format can be selected with a Modbus parameter via the LHMI or the
parameter setting tool.

Event time stamp source bit 14

The time stamp can be generated by the IED application, that is accurate time, or by
Modbus. If generated by Modbus, the change values are detected by the Modbus
background scan task. Since there is a latency time between the value change and the
time when Modbus detects the change, in this case the time stamp is not accurate.

Clock not synchronized bit 13

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The quality information bit is set in the IED's real-time clock if the IED has not been
synchronized.

Clock failure bit 12

The quality information bit is set in the IED's real-time clock if the clock has a severe
failure. Do not rely on this time stamp.

3.4.11 Parameter setting group selection

In the current IED version, parameter setting group selection and reading is defined
through regular Modbus registers. Formerly this was achieved by a special 4x register
9231. The new register has the default address 2301. The new register has the default
address 2301. See the IED documentation for the number of available setting groups.
Exception response 3 is given if the written value is out of range or the setting group
changing is blocked.

3.4.12 Time synchronization

The real-time clock inside the IED runs in UTC time. However, the local time is also
known by the IED through the time parameter settings. With Modbus the IED time can
be viewed and set either in local time or UTC time.

Two identical time structures are available in the Modbus memory map: the IED's
local time at location 49201...49208 and the internal UTC time at the location
49211...49218.

Time synchronization can be given either to the local time structure or to the UTC time
structure.

The IED accepts Modbus time synchronization only if the Synch

source setting is set to "Modbus". The parameter can be set via
Configuration/Time/Synchronization/Synch source.

3.4.12.1 Real-time clock structure

Table 37: Modbus real-time clock structure
Modbus address Register contents Values
Local Time UTC Time
49201 49211 Control register 0...2
49202 49212 Year 2000...2099
49203 49213 Month 1...12
49204 49214 Day 1...31
49205 49215 Hour 0...23
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Modbus address Register contents Values

Local Time UTC Time
49206 49216 Minutes 0...59
49207 49217 Seconds 0...59
49208 49218 Milliseconds 0...999

3.4.12.2 Writing to real-time structures

The Modbus time synchronization can be done in several ways. Over the serial
interface, the host's synchronization write can be given with the Modbus broadcast
address "0". Thus, all IEDs in the same serial network can be synchronized at the same
time.

Method 1: Synchronization in one step

The registers 49201...49208 (49211...49218) should be written in one multiple
registers preset request (function 16) by a Modbus TCP/IP client or by a serial
interface master. The IED's Modbus address or the Modbus broadcast address can be
used with the serial interface. If the clock is written in one step, the write value of the
register 49201 (49211) is not checked by the IED.

Method 2: Synchronization in three steps

1. The client reserves the time synchronization by writing value "1" to the register
49201 (49211). If necessary, check that the reservation value is zero at the
beginning. If the time synchronization writing is already reserved by another
client, the IED returns the exception response 03.
2. The client writes the time structure to the IED. This can be done in one transaction
or alternatively each register can be written separately.
3. The client sets the clock by writing "2" into the register 49201 (49211). When the
value "2" is written, the timesync registers are latched onto the IED's internal
clock and the reservation in 49201 (49211) is released.

The Modbus broadcast address cannot be used with the

synchronization method 2.

There is an internal timeout for the clock setting. The time synchronization reservation
is released if the clock is not set within two minutes. The client can abort the time
synchronization at any time by writing "0" into the register 49201 (49211). In that case
the real-time clock is not set at all.

Other Modbus clients can read the currently running real-time clock even if the time
writing is reserved by another client.

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3.4.13 Device information

The device information of the IED can be read from the Modbus registers
49001...49083.

If the information data are in practice shorter, the trailing registers in

the response are filled with the value "0".

The Modbus device information is based on the internal IEC 61850 device
information model of the IED. All internal descriptions are coded as ASCII strings.
The Modbus device information ASCII string includes the information from the IED.
• IED model (max. 12 characters)
• IED type (max. 6 characters)
• IED serial number (max. 12 characters)
• IED location information (max. 34 characters)
• CPU card SW and HW revision numbers
• HMI card SW and HW revision numbers
• Slot 0 (X130) card SW and HW revision numbers
• Slot 1 (X120) card SW and HW revision numbers
• Slot 2 (X110) card SW and HW revision numbers
• Slot 3 (X100) card SW and HW revision numbers
• Slot 4 (X000) card SW and HW revision numbers

The IED does not need to contain cards in all slots nor does a specific
card need to include a CPU. The SW revision information is simply
omitted from the information string.

3.4.13.1 ASCII character coding

Table 38: The 8 bit ASCII character coding in the Modbus registers
Modbus register ASCII character
Register 1 High byte = ASCII character 1
Register 1 Low byte = ASCII character 2
Register 2 High byte = ASCII character 3
: :

3.4.13.2 ASCII string syntax

Syntax
C(model;type;serialNo;location;swRev;hwRev)H(swRev;hwRe
v)0(swRev;hwRev)1(swRev;hwRev)2(swRev;hwRev)3(swRev;hwR
ev)4(swRev;HwRev)

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• Parenthesis and semicolon ASCII characters are used as delimiters inside the
string.
• Section C(...) contains IED information and CPU version information.
• Section H(...) contains version information of the LHMI card.
• Sections 0(... ) to 4(...) contain version information of the additional HW
cards (slots 0...4).
• If an additional card does not include any version information, it is signaled with
a ”-” (minus) character in the swRev field. If both swRev and hwRev are
signalled with ”-” signs, the card in question does not exist in the IED.

Example of an identification string could be:

C(REF611;FE01;1VHR123456R2;feeder
15.12;1.6;2.0)H(1.2;3.1)0(-;-)1(-;1.1)2(-;
1.0)3(-;1.1)4(-;2.0)

The data within the C section is restricted to certain maximum lengths. For example,
the user-definable IED location is here restricted to a maximum of 34 characters. If the
IED location information on system level contains more characters, only the 34 first
characters are displayed.

3.4.14 Reset time structure

The time and cause of the IED's last reset are stored into this structure. The reset time
is taken directly from the IED's RTC at the startup. The clock might not be accurate
and the data can be corrupted.
Table 39: Reset time structure
Address Register Values Comment
49221 TimeStamp High byte:year, low
(Year,Month) byte:month
49222 TimeStamp (Day,Hour) High byte:day, low
byte:hour
49223 TimeStamp (Min,Sec) High byte:min, low
byte:seconds
49224 TimeStamp Word: milliseconds
(Milliseconds)
49225 Time Quality See Time quality table
49226 Cause of reset 1 = Power reset
2 = Watchdog reset
3 = Warm reset

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Table 40: Time quality

Bit Meaning Values
15 Time format 0 = Local time
1 = UTC time
14 Time source 0 = Internal (RTC)
13 RTC not synchronized 0 = RTC synchronized
1 = Not synchronized
12 RTC Failure 0 = RTC OK
1 = RTC failure
11...0 Not used 0

3.4.15 Accessing of non-protocol-mapped data

The IED application includes a number of general-purpose I/O data. By default, these
data are mapped to this protocol. See the point list manual for the exact mappings.

The general-purpose objects can be connected to any internal object in the IED
configuration application using the Application Configuration or Signal Matrix tool.
This gives additional opportunities for the protocols.

Example 1
Due to security reasons, protocols do not contain mappings for the direct control of
physical outputs. This way, the client cannot accidentally write a change to a physical
output.

It is possible to connect general-purpose outputs to physical outputs using the

Application Configuration tool. The general-purpose output can also be controlled
from the protocol.

Example 2
The legacy protocol default mappings are a selection of the most important signals
produced by the IEC 61850-based IED applications. The manufacturer’s selection of
important signals may not always serve every customer.

Any non-protocol-mapped internal signal can be freely connected to a general-

purpose input object via the Application Configuration tool. This object can then be
accessed by the legacy protocol as regular protocol application data.

Example 3
The basic IEC 61850 application model of the IED produces a great amount of
information. In some cases, this is more than what is feasible to transport through a
legacy protocol. Via the PCM600/Communication Management tools, unnecessary
data objects can be excluded from the legacy protocol.

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However, in some cases a better solution is to OR together several internal signals into
one general signal. This OR output can be connected to a general-purpose input and
accessed by the legacy protocol as regular protocol application data.

General-purpose input object and OR function block may cause

delays to time stamps.

3.5 Troubleshooting

Table 41: Troubleshooting

Condition Cause Remedy
Slow or no update of Protocol data is available for active IED applications Select manually the check boxes for clients of all visible
data, reports disabled and the IED system. Active IED applications mean the 61850 data sets in the IEC 61850 Configuration tool,
function blocks that have been added into the IED see the engineering guide for detailed instructions. This
configuration using the Application Configuration tool in procedure enables reporting for the data sets, and
PCM600. IED system data is always available and is report control blocks should appear on the Report
not dependent on the application configuration. Control tab.
An IED variant has a standard application configuration
that has been done in advance. This configuration can
be modified with PCM600. It is also possible to start a
completely new configuration from an emptied
configuration state in Application Configuration. When
a new IED configuration is created from an empty
configuration state, an additional PCM600 check must
be done at the end.

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Modbus parameters and diagnostics

Section 4 Modbus parameters and diagnostics

4.1 Parameter list

The Modbus parameters can be accessed with PCM600 or via the LHMI path
Configuration/Communication/Modbus/MBS0n.

Some parameters are not visible in the “Basic” setting visibility mode.
To view all parameters use “Advanced” setting visibility mode in
Parameter Setting tool in PCM600 and LHMI.

Table 42: Modbus settings

Parameter Values (Range) Unit Step Default Description
Operation 1=on 5=off Enable or disable this protocol instance
5=off

Port 1) 1=COM 1 3=Ethernet - TCP Port selection for this protocol instance.
2=COM 2 1 Select between serial and Ethernet based
3=Ethernet - TCP 1 communication.
Mapping selection 1...2 1 1 Chooses which mapping scheme will be
used for this protocol instance.
Address 1...254 1 1 Unit address
Link mode 1=RTU 1=RTU Selects between ASCII and RTU mode.
2=ASCII For TCP, this should always be RTU.
TCP port 1...65535 1 502 Defines the listening port for the Modbus
TCP server. Default = 502.
Parity 0=none 2=even Parity for the serial connection.
1=odd
2=even
Start delay 0...20 1 4 Start delay in character times for serial
connection
End delay 0...20 1 4 End delay in character times for serial
connections
CRC order 0=Hi-Lo 0=Hi-Lo Selects between normal or swapped byte
1=Lo-Hi order for checksum for serial connection.
Default: Hi-Lo.
Client IP 0.0.0.0 Sets the IP address of the client. If set to
zero, connection from any client is
accepted.
Write authority 0=Read only 2=Full access Selects the control authority scheme
1=Disable 0x write
2=Full access
Time format 0=UTC 1=Local Selects between UTC and local time for
1=Local events and timestamps.
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Parameter Values (Range) Unit Step Default Description

Event ID selection 0=Address 0=Address Selects whether the events are reported
1=UID using the MB address or the UID number.
Event buffering 0=Keep oldest 0=Keep oldest Selects whether the oldest or newest
1=Keep newest events are kept in the case of event buffer
overflow.
Event backoff 1...500 1 200 Defines how many events have to be read
after event buffer overflow to allow new
events to be buffered. Applicable in "Keep
oldest" mode only.
ControlStructPWd 1 **** Password for control operations using
Control Struct mechanism, which is
available on 4x memory area.
ControlStructPWd 2 **** Password for control operations using
Control Struct mechanism, which is
available on 4x memory area.
ControlStructPWd 3 **** Password for control operations using
Control Struct mechanism, which is
available on 4x memory area.
ControlStructPWd 4 **** Password for control operations using
Control Struct mechanism, which is
available on 4x memory area.
ControlStructPWd 5 **** Password for control operations using
Control Struct mechanism, which is
available on 4x memory area.
ControlStructPWd 6 **** Password for control operations using
Control Struct mechanism, which is
available on 4x memory area.
ControlStructPWd 7 **** Password for control operations using
Control Struct mechanism, which is
available on 4x memory area.
ControlStructPWd 8 **** Password for control operations using
Control Struct mechanism, which is
available on 4x memory area.

1) Dependent on the COM card selection

4.2 Monitored data

The Modbus serial monitored data can be accessed with the Parameter Setting tool in
PCM600 or via the LHMI path Monitoring/Communication/Modbus/MBS0n.

The Modbus Ethernet monitored data can be accessed with the Parameter Setting tool
in PCM600 or via the LHMI path Monitoring/Communication/Modbus/MBS0n.
Table 43: Modbus TCP/IP
Parameter Values (range) Description
Status True, False Status of communication
Reset counters True, False True = Reset all diagnostic counters
Received frames 0...2147483648 Received Modbus frames
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Parameter Values (range) Description

Transmitted frames 0...2147483648 Transmitted Modbus frames
Transmitted exc A 0...2147483648 Transmitted exception responses 1 and 2
Transmitted exc B 0...2147483648 Transmitted exception responses 3
Checksum errors 0...2147483648 Checksum errors detected
CnReject no sockets 0...2147483648 Connection rejections due to no free sockets
CnReject unregistered 0...2147483648 Connection rejections due to not registered client IP

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Glossary

Section 5 Glossary

ACD Start/pickup status

ACT 1. Application Configuration tool in PCM600
2. Trip status in IEC 61850
ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange
CMT Communication Management tool in PCM600
CPU Central processing unit
CT Current transformer
DPC Double-point control
DPS Double-point status
EMC Electromagnetic compatibility
Ethernet A standard for connecting a family of frame-based
computer networking technologies into a LAN
HMI Human-machine interface
HW Hardware
IEC International Electrotechnical Commission
IEC 61850 International standard for substation communication and
modeling
IED Intelligent electronic device (protection and control relay)
INS/INC Integer status
IP Internet protocol
IP address A set of four numbers between 0 and 255, separated by
periods. Each server connected to the Internet is
assigned a unique IP address that specifies the location
for the TCP/IP protocol.
LED Light-emitting diode
LHMI Local human-machine interface
LSB Least significant bit
MCD Momentary change detect
MOM Momentary position
Modbus A serial communication protocol developed by the
Modicon company in 1979. Originally used for
communication in PLCs and RTU devices.

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Glossary

Modbus ASCII Modbus link mode. Character length 10 bits.

Modbus RTU Modbus link mode. Character length 11 bits.
Modbus TCP/IP Modbus RTU protocol which uses TCP/IP and Ethernet to
carry data between devices
Modbus memory Allocation of accessible protocol data
map
PCM600 Protection and Control IED Manager
PLC Programmable logic controller
RS-485 Serial link according to EIA standard RS485
RTC Real-time clock
RTU Remote terminal unit
SCADA Supervision, control and data acquisition
SEC Security violation
SPC Single-point status of a controllable object
SPS Single-point status
SSR1 System status register for device health
SSR2 System status register for device mode
SSR3 System status register for data available 1
SSR4 System status register for data available 2
SSR5 System status register for device alive counter
SSR6 System status register for last command result
SSRx System status register
SW Software
TCP Transmission Control Protocol
TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
UD User-definable
UDB User-definable bit
UDR User-definable register
UID Unique ID
UTC Coordinated universal time
VT Voltage transformer
WHMI Web human-machine interface

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Contact us

1MRS757461 B © Copyright 2016 ABB. All rights reserved.

ABB Oy
Medium Voltage Products,
Distribution Automation
P.O. Box 699
FI-65101 VAASA, Finland
Phone +358 10 22 11
Fax +358 10 22 41094

www.abb.com/mediumvoltage

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