AP® Calculus BC

2010 Scoring Guidelines

Form B

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 AP® CALCULUS BC
2010 SCORING GUIDELINES (Form B)

Question 1

In the figure above, R is the shaded region in the first quadrant bounded by the
graph of y = 4ln ( 3 − x ) , the horizontal line y = 6, and the vertical line x = 2.
(a) Find the area of R.
(b) Find the volume of the solid generated when R is revolved about the
horizontal line y = 8.
(c) The region R is the base of a solid. For this solid, each cross section
perpendicular to the x-axis is a square. Find the volume of the solid.

1 : Correct limits in an integral in (a), (b),

or (c)

(a)
2
∫ 0 ( 6 − 4ln ( 3 − x ) ) dx = 6.816 or 6.817 2: { 1 : integrand
1 : answer

( (8 − 4ln ( 3 − x ))2 − (8 − 6)2 ) dx

{
2
(b) π ∫ 2 : integrand
0 3:
1 : answer
= 168.179 or 168.180

(c)
2
∫ 0 ( 6 − 4ln ( 3 − x ) )
2
dx = 26.266 or 26.267 3: { 2 : integrand
1 : answer

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 AP® CALCULUS BC
2010 SCORING GUIDELINES (Form B)

Question 2

The velocity vector of a particle moving in the plane has components given by
dx
dt
( ) ( )
= 14cos t 2 sin et and
dy
dt
( )
= 1 + 2sin t 2 , for 0 ≤ t ≤ 1.5.

At time t = 0, the position of the particle is ( −2, 3) .

(a) For 0 < t < 1.5, find all values of t at which the line tangent to the path of the particle is vertical.
(b) Write an equation for the line tangent to the path of the particle at t = 1.
(c) Find the speed of the particle at t = 1.
(d) Find the acceleration vector of the particle at t = 1.

(a) The tangent line is vertical when x′( t ) = 0 and y ′( t ) ≠ 0. ⎧ 1 : sets dx = 0

⎪
2: ⎨ dy
On 0 < t < 1.5, this happens at t = 1.253 and t = 1.144 ⎪⎩ 1 : answer
or 1.145.

dy y ′(1) ⎧1: dy
(b) = = 0.863447
dx t =1 x′(1) ⎪ dx t =1
⎪⎪
1
4: ⎨1: x(1)
x(1) = −2 + ∫ 0 x′( t ) dt = 9.314695 ⎪1:
⎪
y (1)
⎪⎩ 1 : equation
1
y (1) = 3 + ∫ 0 y′( t ) dt = 4.620537
The line tangent to the path of the particle at t = 1 has
equation y = 4.621 + 0.863 ( x − 9.315 ) .

(c) Speed = ( x′(1) )2 + ( y ′(1) )2 = 4.105 1 : answer

(d) Acceleration vector: x′′(1) , y ′′(1) = −28.425, 2.161 ⎧ 1 : x′′(1)

2: ⎨
⎩ 1 : y ′′(1)

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 AP® CALCULUS BC
2010 SCORING GUIDELINES (Form B)

Question 3

t 0 2 4 6 8 10 12
P(t) 0 46 53 57 60 62 63

The figure above shows an aboveground swimming pool in the shape of a cylinder with a radius of 12 feet and a
height of 4 feet. The pool contains 1000 cubic feet of water at time t = 0. During the time interval 0 ≤ t ≤ 12
hours, water is pumped into the pool at the rate P( t ) cubic feet per hour. The table above gives values of P( t )
for selected values of t. During the same time interval, water is leaking from the pool at the rate R( t ) cubic feet
per hour, where R( t ) = 25e− 0.05t . (Note: The volume V of a cylinder with radius r and height h is given by
V = π r 2 h. )
(a) Use a midpoint Riemann sum with three subintervals of equal length to approximate the total amount of water
that was pumped into the pool during the time interval 0 ≤ t ≤ 12 hours. Show the computations that lead to
your answer.
(b) Calculate the total amount of water that leaked out of the pool during the time interval 0 ≤ t ≤ 12 hours.
(c) Use the results from parts (a) and (b) to approximate the volume of water in the pool at time t = 12 hours.
Round your answer to the nearest cubic foot.
(d) Find the rate at which the volume of water in the pool is increasing at time t = 8 hours. How fast is the water
level in the pool rising at t = 8 hours? Indicate units of measure in both answers.

(a) ∫0
12
P( t ) dt ≈ 46 ⋅ 4 + 57 ⋅ 4 + 62 ⋅ 4 = 660 ft 3 2: { 1 : midpoint sum
1 : answer

(b) ∫0
12
R( t ) dt = 225.594 ft 3 2: { 1 : integral
1 : answer

12 12
(c) 1000 + ∫0 P( t ) dt − ∫0 R( t ) dt = 1434.406 1 : answer

At time t = 12 hours, the volume of water in the pool is

approximately 1434 ft 3 .

(d) V ′( t ) = P( t ) − R( t ) ⎧ 1 : V ′( 8 )
⎪
V ′( 8 ) = P( 8 ) − R( 8 ) = 60 − 25e−0.4 = 43.241 or 43.242 ft 3 hr ⎪ 1 : equation relating
dV
and
dh
⎪ dt dt
4: ⎨
V = π (12 )2 h dh
⎪ 1 : dt
dV dh ⎪ t =8
= 144π ⎪ 1 : units of ft 3 hr and ft hr
dt dt ⎩
dh 1 dV
= ⋅ = 0.095 or 0.096 ft hr
dt t = 8 144π dt t =8

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 AP® CALCULUS BC
2010 SCORING GUIDELINES (Form B)

Question 4

A squirrel starts at building A at time t = 0 and travels along a

straight wire connected to building B. For 0 ≤ t ≤ 18, the
squirrel’s velocity is modeled by the piecewise-linear function
defined by the graph above.
(a) At what times in the interval 0 < t < 18, if any, does the
squirrel change direction? Give a reason for your answer.
(b) At what time in the interval 0 ≤ t ≤ 18 is the squirrel
farthest from building A ? How far from building A is the
squirrel at this time?
(c) Find the total distance the squirrel travels during the time interval 0 ≤ t ≤ 18.
(d) Write expressions for the squirrel’s acceleration a( t ) , velocity v( t ) , and distance x( t ) from building A that
are valid for the time interval 7 < t < 10.

(a) The squirrel changes direction whenever its velocity changes sign.
This occurs at t = 9 and t = 15.
2: { 1 : t -values
1 : explanation

(b) Velocity is 0 at t = 0, t = 9, and t = 15.

t position at time t
2: { 1 : identifies candidates
1 : answers
0 0
9+5
9 ⋅ 20 = 140
2
6+4
15 140 − ⋅ 10 = 90
2
3+2
18 90 + ⋅ 10 = 115
2

The squirrel is farthest from building A at time t = 9;

its greatest distance from the building is 140.

18
(c) The total distance traveled is ∫0 v( t ) dt = 140 + 50 + 25 = 215. 1 : answer

20 − ( −10 )
(d) For 7 < t < 10, a( t ) = = −10 ⎧ 1 : a( t )
7 − 10 ⎪
4 : ⎨ 1 : v( t )
v( t ) = 20 − 10 ( t − 7 ) = −10t + 90 ⎪⎩ 2 : x( t )
7+5
x( 7 ) = ⋅ 20 = 120
2
t
∫ 7 ( −10u + 90 ) du
x( t ) = x( 7 ) +

= 120 + ( −5u 2 + 90u )

u =t
u =7

= −5t 2 + 90t − 265

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 AP® CALCULUS BC
2010 SCORING GUIDELINES (Form B)

Question 5

1 4x
Let f and g be the functions defined by f ( x ) = and g ( x ) = , for all x > 0.
x 1 + 4 x2
(a) Find the absolute maximum value of g on the open interval ( 0, ∞ ) if the maximum exists. Find the
absolute minimum value of g on the open interval ( 0, ∞ ) if the minimum exists. Justify your answers.
(b) Find the area of the unbounded region in the first quadrant to the right of the vertical line x = 1, below
the graph of f, and above the graph of g.

g ′( x ) =
( )
4 1 + 4 x2 − 4 x (8x ) (
4 1 − 4 x2 )
(a) = ⎧ 2 : g ′( x )
(
1 + 4x 2 2
) ( 1 + 4x )
2 2
⎪⎪ 1 : critical point
5: ⎨
For x > 0, g ′( x ) = 0 for x =
1
. ⎪ 1 : answers
2 ⎩⎪ 1 : justification
1
g ′( x ) > 0 for 0 < x <
2
1
g ′( x ) < 0 for x >
2
g ( 12 ) = 1
1
Therefore g has a maximum value of 1 at x = , and
2
g has no minimum value on the open interval ( 0, ∞ ) .

∞ b
(b) ∫1 ( f ( x ) − g ( x ) ) dx = lim
b →∞ ∫ 1
( f ( x ) − g ( x ) ) dx ⎧ 1 : integral
⎪
4 : ⎨ 2 : antidifferentiation
( ))
x =b
= lim ln ( x ) −
b →∞
1
2
(
ln 1 + 4 x 2
x =1
⎪⎩ 1 : answer

= lim ( ln ( b ) − ln (1 + 4b ) + ln ( 5 ) )
1 1 2
b →∞ 2 2

⎛ b 5 ⎞
= lim ln ⎜
b → ∞ ⎝ 1 + 4b 2 ⎟
⎠
⎛ 5b 2 ⎞
= lim ln ⎜
b →∞ 2 ⎟
⎝ 1 + 4b ⎠

1 ⎛ 5b 2 ⎞
= lim ln ⎜
2 b → ∞ ⎝ 1 + 4b 2 ⎟⎠

1 5
= ln
2 4

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 AP® CALCULUS BC
2010 SCORING GUIDELINES (Form B)

Question 6
∞ ( −1)n ( 2 x )n
The Maclaurin series for the function f is given by f ( x ) = ∑
n=2
n −1
on its interval of convergence.

(a) Find the interval of convergence for the Maclaurin series of f. Justify your answer.
4 x2
(b) Show that y = f ( x ) is a solution to the differential equation x y ′ − y = for x < R, where R is the
1 + 2x
radius of convergence from part (a).

( 2 x )n +1
( n + 1) − 1 n −1 n −1
(a) lim = lim 2 x ⋅ = lim 2 x ⋅ = 2x ⎧ 1 : sets up ratio
n →∞ ( 2x) n n →∞ n n →∞ n ⎪ 1 : limit evaluation
n −1 ⎪
⎪ 1 : radius of convergence
1 5: ⎨
2 x < 1 for x <
2 ⎪ 1 : considers both endpoints
⎪ 1 : analysis and interval of
1 ⎪
Therefore the radius of convergence is . ⎩ convergence
2
∞ ∞
1 ( −1)n ( −1)n 1
When x = − , the series is
2 ∑
n=2
n −1
= ∑
n=2
n −1
.

This is the harmonic series, which diverges.

∞ ∞
1 ( −1)n 1n ( −1)n
When x =
2
, the series is ∑
n=2
n −1
= ∑ n −1 .
n=2
This is the alternating harmonic series, which converges.
1 1
The interval of convergence for the Maclaurin series of f is − , ⎤ .
2 2 ⎥⎦ (
( 2 x )2 ( 2 x )3 ( 2 x )4 ( −1)n ( 2 x )n
(b) y= − + −"+ +" ⎧ 1 : series for y′
1 2 3 n −1 ⎪⎪ 1 : series for xy ′
16 4 ( −1)n ( 2 x )n 4: ⎨
= 4 x 2 − 4 x3 + x −" + +" ⎪ 1 : series for xy ′ − y
3 n −1
⎪⎩ 1 : analysis with geometric series
64 3 ( −1)n n ( 2 x )n −1 ⋅ 2
y ′ = 8 x − 12 x 2 + x −"+ +"
3 n −1
64 4 ( −1)n n ( 2 x )n
xy ′ = 8 x 2 − 12 x3 + x −"+ +"
3 n −1
xy ′ − y = 4 x 2 − 8 x3 + 16 x 4 − " + ( −1)n ( 2 x )n + "
(
= 4 x 2 1 − 2 x + 4 x 2 − " + ( −1)n ( 2 x )n − 2 + " )
∞
The series 1 − 2 x + 4 x 2 − " + ( −1)n ( 2 x )n − 2 + " = ∑
n=0
( −2 x )n is a

1 1
geometric series that converges to for x < . Therefore
1 + 2x 2
1 1
xy ′ − y = 4 x 2 ⋅ for x < .
1 + 2x 2

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