Department of information technology,

Government college university faisalabad

Assignment no 1

Name : hassan raza

Roll no : 17019

Section : eniveng (a)

Class : bs (it)

Semester : 2nd

subject : Pakistan study

Submitted to : dr. azmat ullah

Foundation of all India Muslim league and its struggle
for Pakistan:-
HISTORY AND BACKGROUND
HINDUSTAN CONSPIRACY STOGHOLD:-
When there is majority of betrayers in a nation then the
presence of enemy forces is not needed for the destruction of
that nation, that nation dies itself. The biggest bad luck of
Muslim rulers was that their beloved people were involved in
conspiracy and give harm or destroy Muslim emperors like
MIR JAFAR, betrayed SIRAJ-UD-DAULA, MIR SADIQ, MIR
QASIM, BADAR-UL-ZAMAN, PORNIA, MIR GHULAM ALI
LANGRA etc betrayed TIPU SULTAN at different occasions.
Hindu, Marathas and Britishers were also involved in
conspiracy against Muslims because Muslims were the ruler
of sub-continent at that time.

DECLINE OF MUGHAL EMPIRE (MUSLIMS):-

The Mughal Empire which had reached its zenith during the
rule of Akbar, Shah Jahan and his son, began to decline after
the rule of Aurangzeb. In fact, the decline began during the
last days of Aurangzeb. There were many causes for the
downfall of the great dynasty. Let us view the causes that
hastened the fall of the Mughal Empire after Aurangzeb.
Weak successor, over comfort, no definite law of succession,
poor economy, moral degradation of soldiers, rise of new
powers, coming of Europeans, foreign invasions etc.

WAR OF INDEPENDENCE 1857 (MUTINY):-

The year 1857 bought decline to Muslim rule in sub-
continent. Muslim and Hindus participated in a war of
independence but the British held only Muslims responsible
for the rebellion because the clever Hindus becoming closer
to British and declared Muslim responsible of this war. The
Muslims were persecuted ruthlessly and left at the mercy of
time. The Muslims found themselves helpless and needed
someone to raise voice for the Muslims.

ESTABLISHMENT OF ALL INDIA MUSLIM LEAGUE:-

THE SIMLA DEPUTAION:-
Thirty five top ranking Muslim leaders taken from all parts of
the sub-continent called on the then Viceroy Lord Minto at
Simla on oct 1, 1906. Important Muslim demands presented
to the Viceroy included reserved quota of seats for the
Muslims in all representative bodies and separate electorate:
the Viceroy expressed sympathy with the Muslim demands
and promised to take them up with the British government,
the Muslim leaders were greatly encouraged by the Viceroy’s
response.

FOUNDATION OF ALL INDIA MUSLIM LEAGUE:-

A session of the all India Muhammadan Educational
Conference was held under the chairman ship of Nawab
Viqar-ul-mulk at Dacca. Resolution of the establishment of all
India Muslim League was moved in this meeting by Nawab
Salim ullah khan and was seconded by Maulana Zafar Ali
khan, Hakeem Ajmal khan and Maulana Muhammad Ali
Johar. Sir Agha khan was made the first president.
 CAUSES OF THE ESTABLISHMENT OF ALL INDIA
MUSLIM LEAGUE:-

ESTABLISHMENT OF BRITISH SYSTEM GOVERNMENT:

The system introduced after the establishment of British
Government in 1858, was democratic in nature which means
majority is authority. The system was not suitable for
Muslims because they were smaller in number than Hindus in
Indian population. The British had already crippled the
Muslims economically, if a system based on the majority rule,
pure and simple, were established the Muslims were surely
going to lose. Hence this system was one of the main cause
of creation of Muslim League.

HINDU EXTREMISM AND URDU-HINDI CONTROVERSY:

In 1867, the Hindus of Banaras (specially) started a
movement and demanded replacement of Urdu by Hindi as
official language. During the same period Hindu extremists
started programs like ARYA SAMAJ with a purpose to
reconvert the Muslims into Hindu religion etc. so these were
also the cause in creation of Muslim League.

COMMUNALISM:-
The Hindu proved prejudiced against the Muslims. The
extremist organization like SANGHATAN, SHUDHI, ARYA
SMAJ and HINDU MAHASABA endangered the life of
Muslims. The Muslims were scared of all their activities and
they decide to form all India Muslim League.
ESTABLISHMENT OF THE INDIAN NATIONAL
CONGRESS:
In 1885, a retired British officer A. O. Hume established the
Indian national congress. Hindus welcomed it and joined it in
great number. Its objective was to serve all people of India
but later they serve only Hindus. This was another cause in
creation of Muslim League.

POLITICAL REFORMS:-
The liberal party won the election in England and announce
the implementation of certain political reforms. The chances
of the reformation of political institution provided an
opportunity for the Muslims to form a political party to
protect their representation.

ROLE OF SIR SAYYID AHMAD KHAN (R.A):

Sir Sayyid (R.A) played an important role in serving the
Muslims of India.
Demand for separate electorate:-
Sir sayyid (R.A) believed that the British system of elections,
pure and simple, did not suit the Indian conditions, because
this will reduce the Muslims to a position of permanent
slavery and subservience to the majority community. He
proposed the system of separate electorate as an alternative.
This system obviously could not be made useful unless the
Muslims had a political party of their own.
The Aligarh movement:-
Sir sayyid starts the Aligarh movement whose objectives can
be summed up into given points:
 To bring about conciliation among the Muslims and British.
 To spread education among Muslims make the Muslim familiar
with British culture, way of life and English language.
 To make Muslims loyal of British Government.
 To develop friendly relation between Muslims and other Indian
nations.
Major steps for achievement of objectives of movement:
It includes establishment of schools, colleges, political
services, Muhammadan Educational Conference etc. He
wrote many magazines and books like ASBAB-E-BAGHAWAT-
E-HIND, LOYAL MUHAMMADANS OF INDIA etc.
PARTITION OF BENGAL AND CONGRESS ATITUDE:-
The partition of Bengal by the British Government in 1905
greatly embittered the relations between Hindus and
Muslims. The partition ensured a number of political benefits
for the Muslim but the Hindus reacted towards the partitions
of Bengal in a hostile and violent manner. This made it clear
that the Hindus were not willing to give Muslims their due
share. The Muslims were greatly disappointed when they
saw that the congress, notwithstanding all its claims of
neutrality, was supporting the Hindu extremists openly. It
was the biggest cause of creation of Muslim League.
Change of Government in Britain:-
Liberal party returned to power in the 1905 elections held in
Britain. The party gave a program of a political reforms
meant for India. The Muslim Leaders discussed the situation
and decided to make a common cause for taking up the
demands of the Muslims community with the government.

OBJECTIVES OF ALL INDIA MUSLIM LEAGUE

The aims and objectives of Muslim league were
 To safe guard and protect Muslims interest and to convey their
demands to British Government.
 To create a feeling of respect and good will in Muslim for the
British Government.
 To promote brotherhood between the different nations of India.
CHANGE IN OBJECTIVES:-
In March 1913 changes in the objectives of the All India
Muslim League were made on Quaid-e-Azam’s (R.A)
initiative.
“policy of unconditional subservience was forsaken in the
favor of self-government suitable for Indian condition”. This
proved to be turning point in the history of the Muslims of
India.

Khilafat Movement:-
The world war 1 broke out in 1914. UK, USA, FRANCE, RUSSIA
and ITALY were allied against GERMANY, AUSTRIA and
TURKEY. Turkey was the center of Islamic world in those
days. Turkey was a very large country but it was on decline.
The boundaries of Turkey be partitioned after the war and
Turkey would lose the sovereign status. HEJJAT-E-
MUQQADAS was in Turkish domain. In case of defeat of
turkey both of the sacred cities. MAKKAH and MADINAH
would go in the position of Christion allied. Movement in
1919 called the khilafat movement.

LEADER OF MOVEMENT:-
Maulana Muhammad Ali Johar, Maulana Shaukat Ali,
Maulana Zafar Ali khan, Hakeem Ajmal khan, Dr.Ansari,
Maulana Hasrat Mohani, and Maulana Abdul kalam Azad
were the main leader. They set internal affairs and
concentrated on the main issue of Khilafat. They established
a Khilafat committee and organized MAJLIS-KHANA KAABA.
A number of public meeting were also arrangedin England
and in other some western countruies. Khilafat movement
was acknowledge as the biggest of all the movement in the
sub -continent.

OBJECTIVE OF MOVEMENT:-
The movement was a multiple purpose, one it organized and
assemble the Muslims of Sub-Continent on one platform.
 To keep the instruction of Khilafat intact and khilafat to carry
out the business of Government as usual.
 Restoration of Turkey’s grace as it possessed before during
world war 1 and no change to occur in the boundaries of
Turkey.
 The sanctity of MAKKAH and MADINAH should be maintained
and non-Muslims force should not be allowed to enter in these
two cities.

ACTIVITIES OF MOVEMENT:-
  Delegation were send to UK and other European countries to
convey the feelings of Muslims to Government.
Doctor, nurse and medicines were dispatch to Turkey for
treatment of Turkey to Turkish wounded soldiers.
 To give the financial aid a large amount of money, silver and
gold were collected.
 Large procession were protest meeting were hold and strikes
was deserved in all big and small cities in the sub-continent.
 The role of Muslim Journalism was tremendous. Zamindar of
Zafar Ali khan, Al Hilal Azad and Humdard of Johar played
viral role In the movement.

EVOLUTION AND ROLE OF INDIAN MUSLIM

LEAGUE:-
Some main points about evolution and role of ALL INDIA
MUSLIM LEAGUE are given below:
 Establishment, 1906.
 London Branch establishment, 1908.
 Minto-Morley reform act: 1909.
 Quid-e-Azam join Muslim League in 1913.
 Demand of self-Government; 1913.
 Lucknow pact; 1916.
 Delhi proposal and Simon commission; 1927.
 Jinnah fourteen points; 1929.
  Iqbal’s Allahabad address; 1930.
 Reorganization of Muslim league; 1935.
 Muslim league very poor performance in elections; 1935-36.
 Mass movement against Congress + start of Muslim league
popular movement; 1937-39.
 Pakistan (Lahore) resolution; 1940.
 Mohan Das Ghandi Jinnah talks; 1944.
 Simla conference; 1945.
 Success in general elections; 1945-46.
 Direct action day; 16 August 1946.
 Delhi convention; 1946.
 Indian independence act; 3 July 1947.
 14 august 1947 Pakistan independence day, Etc.

CONCLUSION:-
Muslim league thus got its object and Pakistan was created
on 14 August 1947. In short we can say that the creation of
Pakistan is the result of the ceaseless efforts of the Muslim
League and the great heroes which dedicated their lives for
the creation of Pakistan. If there were be no Muslim League
the fate of the Muslims of the sub-continent could not be
changed.
Quid-e-Azam was the first Governor General of Pakistan. The
country first accepted Pakistan is Iran and the flag of
Pakistan is first flying in France. The first prime minister of
Pakistan was Liaqat Ali khan and the first president of
Pakistan was Iskandar Mirza.