Building Services: Lifts Faculty :Ar. Alpa Pandya B.

Arch III semester V

ELEVATOR HISTORY
In The Beginning...
 Rudimentary elevators, or hoists, were in use during the Middle Ages and can be traced back
to the third century BC. They were operated by animal and human power or by water-driven
mechanisms.
 Liquid, most commonly water, was injected into the cylinder to create pressure and make the
plunger elevate the cab, which would simply lower by gravity as the water was removed.
 Valves governing the water flow were manipulated by passengers using ropes running through
the cab, a system later enhanced with the incorporation of lever controls and pilot valves to
regulate cab speed.

Building Services: Lifts Faculty :Ar. Alpa Pandya B. Arch III semester V
Give Us the Power...
 The power elevator debuted mid-19th century in the U.S. as a simple freight hoist operating
between just two floors in a New York City building. By 1853, Elisha Graves Otis was at the New
York Crystal Palace exposition, demonstrating an elevator with a "safety" to break the cab's fall
in case of rope failure, a defining moment in elevator development.
An Electric Moment...
 Later in the 1800s, with the advent of electricity, the
electric motor was integrated into elevator technology by
German inventor Werner von Siemens. With the motor
mounted at the bottom of the cable, this design employed
a gearing scheme to climb shaft walls fitted with racks.
 In 1887, an electric elevator was developed in
Baltimore, using a revolving drum to wind the hoisting
rope, but these drums could not practically be made large
enough to store the long hoisting ropes that would be
required by skyscrapers.

Building Services: Lifts Faculty :Ar. Alpa Pandya B. Arch III semester V
 Motor technology and control methods
evolved rapidly.
 In 1889 came the direct-connected geared
electric elevator, allowing for the building of
significantly taller structures.
 By 1903, this design had evolved into the
gearless traction electric elevator, allowing
hundred-plus story buildings to become
possible and forever changing the urban
landscape.
 Multi-speed motors replaced the original
single-speed models to help with landing-
levelling and smoother overall operation.
Electromagnet technology replaced manual
rope-driven switching and braking.
 Push-button controls and various complex
signal systems modernized the elevator even
further.
 Safety improvements have been continual,
including a notable development by Charles
Otis, son of original "safety" inventor Elisha,
that engaged the "safety" at any excessive
speed, even if the hoisting rope remained
intact.
Building Services: Lifts Faculty :Ar. Alpa Pandya B. Arch III semester V
 Lifts
An elevator or lift is a vertical transport vehicle that efficiently moves people or goods
between floors of a building. They are generally powered by electric motors that either
drive traction cables and counterweight systems, or pump hydraulic fluid to raise a
cylindrical piston.
•The upward and downward movement of people in newly erected multi-storey buildings is
principally achieved by lifts. An architect will normally call in an expert engineer to plan lift
installations.
•In larger, multi-storey buildings it is usual to locate lifts at a central pedestrian circulation point.
Goods lifts should be kept separate from passenger lifts; though their use for carrying
passenger at peak periods should be taken into account at the planning stage.
•The following maximum loads are stipulated for passenger lifts in blocks of flats:
•400 kg (small lift) for use by passenger with hand baggage only
•630 kg (medium lift) for use by passengers with prams and wheelchairs
•1000kg (large lift) can also accommodate stretchers, coffins, furniture and wheelchairs.
•Lobbies in front of lift shall entrances must be designed and arranged so that:
•the users entering or existing the lifts, even those carrying hand baggage, do not get in others
way more than is absolutely necessary,
•the largest loads to be carried by the lift in question (e.g. prams, wheelchairs, stretchers, coffins
and furniture) can be manoeuvred in and out without risk of injuring people or damaging the
building and lift itself. Other users should be not be obstructed by the loads more than is
absolutely necessary.
Building Services: Lifts Faculty :Ar. Alpa Pandya B. Arch III semester V
Consideration for location of a lift:

•For a lobby in front of a single lift:

•The available minimum depth between the wall of the lift shaft door and the opposite wall,
measured in the direction of the lift car, must be at least the same as the depth of the lift car
itself,

•The minimum area available should be at least the same as the product of the depth of the lift
car depth and the width of the shaft.

•For the lobby in front of the lifts with adjacent doors the available minimum depth between the
shaft door wall and the opposite wall, measured in the direction of the lift car depth, should be at
least the same as the depth of the deepest lift car.

•Lifts are mechanical installation which is required to have a long service life (anything from 25
to 40 years). They should there fore be planned in such a way that even after 10 years they are
still capable of meeting the increased demand. Alterations to installations that have been badly
or too cheaply planned can be expensive or even completely impossible. During the planning
stage the likely usage should be closely examined. Lift sets normally from part of the main
stairwell.

Building Services: Lifts Faculty :Ar. Alpa Pandya B. Arch III semester V
Turn round time is a calculated value indicating the time which a lift requires to complete a cycle
with a given type of traffic.
Average waiting time is the time between the button being pressed and the arrival of the lift car:
Average waiting time (s) = Cycle time (s)
Number of lifts/ sets
Transportation capacity is the maximum achievable carrying capacity (in passengers) within a
five minute (300 s) period:
Transportation capacity = 300 (s) X car load passengers
Cycle time (s) X no. of lifts
Transportation capacity expressed in percent:
Transportation capacity (%) = 100 X transportation capacity
Number of occupants of building

Structural dimensions, dimensions of lift cars and doors

Structural dimensions, lifts which allow wheel chair

Structural dimensions of hospital bed lifts

Structural dimensions of goods lift.

Goods loaded from only one side
Goods loaded from both the sides
Goods loaded from corner

Building Services: Lifts Faculty :Ar. Alpa Pandya B. Arch III semester V
• The car that moves in a vertical shaft to carry
passengers or freight between the levels of a multistory
building.
• Most modern elevators are propelled by electric motors,
with the aid of a counterweight, through a system of
cables and sheaves (pulleys).
• By opening the way to higher buildings, the elevator
played a decisive role in creating the characteristic urban
geography of many modern cities, and promises to fill an
indispensable role in future city development.

Building Services: Lifts Faculty :Ar. Alpa Pandya B. Arch III semester V
 HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM

Electric Hoist Escalators Electric Lift Hydraulic Lift Moving Walks Inclined Ramps
Traction lift

Goods Hospital Passenger Service Car Lifting

External Capsule Lifts Indoor Lifts Rear Side glass scenic lifts

Building Services: Lifts Faculty :Ar. Alpa Pandya B. Arch III semester V
• TRACTION MACHINE LIFTS :
This model of elevators can be designed in to three types :-
1- Traction Machine with Room
2- Traction Machine Room less
3- Traction Lift with Gearless machines

• HYDRAULIC LIFTS
• PANORAMIC LIFTS
• HOME LIFTS
• STAIR LIFTS ( CHAIR LIFTS )
• DUMBWAITER ( SERVICE LIFTS )
• HOSPITAL LIFTS ( BED LIFTS )
• CARGO LIFTS
• CAR PARKING LIFTS
• ESCALATORS AND MOVING WALKWAYS
• CONSTRUCTION LIFTS
• BUILDING MAINTENANCE UNIT ( BMU )
• TOWER CRANES
• CABLE WAY
Building Services: Lifts Faculty :Ar. Alpa Pandya B. Arch III semester V
 Traction Machine Lifts
design of elevators uses a traction machine in
order to move the passengers cabin using steel
ropes , machine location can be changed based
on the customers needs and pit design , this
Traction elevators can be sorted in to three types :
1- Traction Machine with Room
2- Traction Machine Room less
3- Traction Lift with Gearless machines

Building Services: Lifts Faculty :Ar. Alpa Pandya B. Arch III semester V
TRACTION LIFT
• Geared Traction machines are driven by AC or DC electric motors. Geared machines use
worm gears to control mechanical movement of elevator cars by "rolling" steel hoist ropes over
a drive sheave which is attached to a gearbox driven by a high speed motor.
• These machines are generally the best option for basement or overhead traction use for
speeds up to 500 ft/min (2.5 m/s).
• In each case, cables are attached to a hitch plate on top of the cab or may be "underslung"
below a cab, and then looped over the drive sheave to a counterweight attached to the opposite
end of the cables which reduces the amount of power needed to move the cab.
• The counterweight is located in the hoist-way and rides a separate rail system; as the car goes
up, the counterweight goes down, and vice versa.
• This action is powered by the traction machine which is directed by the controller, typically a
relay logic or computerized device that directs starting, acceleration, deceleration and stopping
of the elevator cab.
• The weight of the counterweight is typically equal to the weight of the elevator cab plus 40-
50% of the capacity of the elevator.
• The grooves in the drive sheave are specially designed to prevent the cables from slipping.
"Traction" is provided to the ropes by the grip of the grooves in the sheave, thereby the name.
• As the ropes age and the traction grooves wear, some traction is lost and the ropes must be
replaced and the sheave repaired or replaced.

Building Services: Lifts Faculty :Ar. Alpa Pandya B. Arch III semester V
 Traction Machine with Room
This type of traction machine elevators uses a traction
machine located usually in a special room in the top of the
elevator's shaft , this type is highly efficient because the top
room provide an easy access to the traction machine and the
control panel , usually the customer prefer to install an air-
condition with a timer to set the working period in order to cool
the machine and the elevator's shaft as well .
From this drawing you will notes the elevators parts design
can be sorted in to five parts :
1-The Control Panel .
2- Machine's Gear .
3- Traction Machine .
4- Counterweight .
5- Main and Counterweight rails.

- Machine room location can be adjusted based on the customer's need and shaft
design with a total flexibility to be in the top , down and beside the shaft too .
- The recommended room size is 2000 x 2000 x 2000 mm or even the same size
for the shaft at minimum , cable holes location can be provided by Space
Elevators International in the same time of construction of the machine room .
- Elevator's Cabin can be adjusted to fit the customer's need , Cabin's size mainly
depend on the Elevator's Shaft provided by the customer , Cabin's height can
also be modified as per customer's request and it can go as much as 2200 mm.
Building Services: Lifts Faculty :Ar. Alpa Pandya B. Arch III semester V
 Traction Machine Room less

• The over all design and mechanism of this

lift is exactly the same in The Traction
Machine with Room type , the only deferent
here is disappear of the machine room .
• In this design the machine location can be
in the top or the bottom of the elevator's
shaft , the traction machine is installed
using H-beams support and will be located
in the top of the main rails .
• Two types of machine can be used in this
design , Traction Machine and Gearless
Traction Machine .
• The traction machine room less design
can really be useful in the building were the
customer can not have a machine room in
the top of the building , but in this case it
required an overhead that is higher than the
elevators with the machine room .
• The room less traction does not need and
air-condition to be installed near the traction
machine .
Building Services: Lifts Faculty :Ar. Alpa Pandya B. Arch III semester V
 Traction Lift with Gearless machines
This type uses the same design in both Traction Machine with machine room and the room less
lifts , the only deferent here is the type of the machine , in this design the traction machine
comes with no gearbox installed in it and with much smaller size than the normal one .
These machines usually used when the customer is in leak for space and mostly used in the
Room less design in order to save space , gearless machines can be used also in lifts with
machine room based on the customer request and needs .

Most of the people think that the Gearless Traction machine are stronger and got longer working
life than the normal traction machine , that is wrong because the only thing that is deferent is the
machine design only , both of them got the same horse power and the working load and power .

Building Services: Lifts Faculty :Ar. Alpa Pandya B. Arch III semester V
-If our building has five or more stories one would probably want to consider an
electric traction elevator.
-Traction elevators are better suited for taller buildings, since they are capable
of much greater speeds and heights.
- Traction elevators are available in a variety of drives such as motor-generator
sets, solid state SCR drives and variable voltage, variable frequency AC drives.
- All Traction elevator equipment is non-proprietary allowing the building owner
to receive competitive pricing for future maintenance requirements.
Building Services: Lifts Faculty :Ar. Alpa Pandya B. Arch III semester V
 Traction Elevators
•Traction elevators are commonly used for mid and high rise
applications six stories and above. In this system, there is
typically a large motor above the elevator hoistway which
turns a large drive sheave. Multiple steel wire ropes are
attached to the top of the elevator car frame. These hoist
ropes then route vertically up the hoistway and over the
drive sheave grooves. As the motor turns the drive sheave,
the traction between the drive sheave and the hoist ropes
causes the elevator to go up and down.
•Traction elevators are more complex due to the higher
speeds of travel (typically 250 to 2000 foot per minute) and
the necessary addition of safety equipment to ensure safe
operation. As a result, they are higher in cost than hydraulic
elevators.
Building Services: Lifts Faculty :Ar. Alpa Pandya B. Arch III semester V
 Cable Cable

Hard coating of compressed Steel Hard coating of compressed Steel

Passenger lift Goods Lift

Cable Cable

Hard coating of compressed Steel Hard coating of compr

Passenger lift

Building Services: Lifts Faculty :Ar. Alpa Pandya B. Arch III semester V
Building Services: Lifts Faculty :Ar. Alpa Pandya B. Arch III semester V
Building Services: Lifts Faculty :Ar. Alpa Pandya B. Arch III semester V
 Machine room less Gearless traction elevator Geared traction elevator
Building Services: Lifts Faculty :Ar. Alpa Pandya B. Arch III semester V
Building Services: Lifts Faculty :Ar. Alpa Pandya B. Arch III semester V
 (a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

(f) (g) (h) (i)

Elevator Roping Systems
Building Services: Lifts Faculty :Ar. Alpa Pandya B. Arch III semester V
Elevator Roping Systems

Fig. Roping Roping method Principal use

a 1:1 Half wrap Mid-, low-speed elevators

b 1:1 Full wrap High-speed elevators

c 1:1 Drum winding Home elevators

d 1:1 Drum winding Small, low-speed elevators

e 2:1 Full wrap High-speed elevators

f 2:1 Half wrap Freight elevators

g 2:1 Half wrap Machine-room-less elevators

h 3:1 Half wrap Large freight elevators

i 4:1 Half wrap Large freight elevators

Building Services: Lifts Faculty :Ar. Alpa Pandya B. Arch III semester V
 1. Control panel
2. Traction machine
3. Speed govemors
4. Escape hatch
5. Ladder
6. Wire ropes
7. Car junction box with cantrol panel for manual
operation
8. Emergency opening
9. Car assemblys
10. Retiring lock releaser
11. Travelling cable
12. T-cable duct
13. Counterweight frame
14. Buffers
15. Tension weights for speed governors
16. Supports for guides and buffers
17. Main switch
18. Supply cable
19. Guide rails for lift car
20. Electrical cables and cable trays
21. Motor for lift car door
22. Lift car door
23. Operating panel board for lift car
24. Escape ladder inside the lift car
25. Car sing with safety gear
26. Guide rails for counterweight
27. Guide shoes with oil cups
28. Rail bracket

Building Services: Lifts Faculty :Ar. Alpa Pandya B. Arch III semester V
Building Services: Lifts Faculty :Ar. Alpa Pandya B. Arch III semester V
 Basic configuration of traction elevator
Building Services: Lifts Faculty :Ar. Alpa Pandya B. Arch III semester V
 Roped Elevators Whereas hydraulic systems rely on pushing the
elevator car up and down, roped elevators pull the elevator cab using
ropes or cables. One end of the steel ropes are attached to the elevator
car while the other end is attached to a counterbalance. This
counterbalance weighs approximately the same amount as an elevator
car that is 40% full. In between the car and the counterbalance the
ropes are looped around a sheave, that is, a pulley with grooved ridges
that hold the ropes in place. This sheave is connected to a motor that
turns the sheave both clockwise and counterclockwise.
When the sheave rotates in one direction the elevator car rises, when it
rotates in the opposite direction the elevator car lowers.
The adjacent figure shows the basic roped elevator system. Number 5
in the above diagram shows the guide rails. These ensure that the
elevator car is stable and does not swing from side to side as it moves
up and down the elevator shaft.
Within the category of roped elevators there is a distinction between
geared and gearless systems. Geared systems involve a gear train
between the motor and the sheave that acts to control the gear ratio as
needed. Gearless systems do not use a gear train; here the motor is
directly coupled to the sheave.
Legend for the adjacent figure: (1) Control System; (2) Electric Motor;
(3) Sheave; (4) Counterweight; (5) Guide Rails.

Building Services: Lifts Faculty :Ar. Alpa Pandya B. Arch III semester V
HYDRAULIC LIFTS:
Hydraulic lifts are also very much in use but not as
widely as traction are. These llifts are suitable
especially for car service, car parking and other
industrial units. However for low rise residential,
hospital and commercial complexes, hydraulic
passenger lifts are also in use. Hydraulic lifts have
both advantages and disadvantages over traction
elevators. Foremost advantage is, it does not
require any overhead machine room. Maintenance
and services are is easier since components are
less in number.
The machine is less noise
making and power saving. No
danger snapping of ropes. But
these lifts have certain limitation
too. Such as not suitable for
higher speeds, equipments and
installation costs are higher and
not fit for high rise buildings, as
these lifts are preferred for car
service , parking places and
hospitals.
Building Services: Lifts Faculty :Ar. Alpa Pandya B. Arch III semester V
• Conventional Hydraulic elevators were first, developed by Dover (now Thyssenkrupp) Elevator.
They use an underground cylinder, are quite common for low level buildings with 2-7 floors, and
have speeds of up to 200 feet/minute (1 meter/second).

• Holeless Hydraulic elevators were developed by Otis Elevator in the 1970s, and use a pair of
above ground cylinders, which makes it practical for environmentally or cost sensitive buildings
with 2, 3, or 4 floors.

• Roped Hydraulic elevators use both above ground cylinders and a rope system, which
combines the versatility of in ground hydraulic with the reliability of holeless hydraulic, even
though they can serve up to 8-10 floors.

Building Services: Lifts Faculty :Ar. Alpa Pandya B. Arch III semester V
These meet the demand for transporting heavy loads economically up and down shorter lift
heights and are best used for up to the 12meters height. The lift motor room can be located
remotely from the shaft itself.
A roof mounted lift motor room is not required. Double swing doors or hinged sliding doors can
be fitted – either hand operated or fully automatic, with a central or side opening.

Building Services: Lifts Faculty :Ar. Alpa Pandya B. Arch III semester V
 A hydraulic
elevator is lifted
and lowered by a
ram (piston). The
car rises when a
pump forces oil
into the ram
cylinder. The car
descends when
the oil flows into a
storage tank.

Building Services: Lifts Faculty :Ar. Alpa Pandya B. Arch III semester V
- Hydraulic elevators are found in parkades and buildings with 5 to 7 floors.
- Hi-rise and mid-rise buildings require traction elevators.
- Freight elevators and house elevators can be either hydraulic or traction.

Building Services: Lifts Faculty :Ar. Alpa Pandya B. Arch III semester V
Hydraulic Lift's technology has been changed a lot in the last few years , the controlling system
and the oil pumping design has been improved a lot and yet it still so simple , hydraulic lifts now
become much smoother in movement and much safer and most of all it become capable of
carrying heaver weight , please check the diagram below
The cylinder is connected to a fluid-pumping system (typically, hydraulic systems like this use
oil, but other incompressible fluids would also work). The hydraulic system has three parts:
1- A tank (the fluid reservoir) 2- A pump, powered by an electric motor
3- A valve between the cylinder and the reservoir

The pump forces fluid from the tank into a pipe leading to the cylinder. When the valve is
opened, the pressurized fluid will take the path of least resistance and return to the fluid
reservoir. But when the valve is closed, the pressurized fluid has nowhere to go except into the
cylinder. As the fluid collects in the cylinder, it pushes the piston up, lifting the elevator car.
When the car approaches the correct floor, the control system sends a signal to the electric
motor to gradually shut off the pump. With the pump off, there is no more fluid flowing into the
cylinder, but the fluid that is already in the cylinder cannot escape (it can't flow backward
through the pump, and the valve is still closed). The piston rests on the fluid, and the car stays
where it is.
To lower the car, the elevator control system sends a signal to the valve. The valve is operated
electrically by a basic solenoid switch . When the solenoid opens the valve, the fluid that has
collected in the cylinder can flow out into the fluid reservoir. The weight of the car and the cargo
pushes down on the piston, which drives the fluid into the reservoir. The car gradually descends.
To stop the car at a lower floor, the control system closes the valve again.

Building Services: Lifts Faculty :Ar. Alpa Pandya B. Arch III semester V
 Hydraulic Elevator Construction
Hydraulic elevators, ranges from 2000 pounds to 5000 pound
capacity. Custom size larger elevators are also available. The heart
of the system is the microprocessor, which is state of the art with all
on board diagnostics and solid state dependability. Hydraulic
elevator equipment is non-proprietary allowing the building owner to
receive competitive pricing for future maintenance requirements.

The pump unit consists of an integrally welded tank with rubber

isolated mounting for the pump and motor, hydraulic muffler and
rubber isolation between the pump unit base and the floor. The
valve is a unit type valve with an integral check valve and pressure
relief valve. We supply these units in submersible or dry mount
configuration depending on the project requirements. Consult our
corporate office to assist you in planning for your hydraulic elevator
needs.

Building Services: Lifts Faculty :Ar. Alpa Pandya B. Arch III semester V
Type of suspension

Rope Type - 1 Hole Type - 1

Side indirect acting Direct Suspension. The simplest solution for any load, with
suspension with wire a simple or split piston.(Max.Travel 6 Mt.)
ropes were one piston
for regular loads
and long travels (Max.
12 Mt.)

Building Services: Lifts Faculty :Ar. Alpa Pandya B. Arch III semester V
Machine room less
Building Services: Lifts Faculty :Ar. Alpa Pandya B. Arch III semester V
Capsule, Panoramic, and Scenic Lift :
Panoramic lifts are available in a variety of cabin shapes as:
1. Octagonal Car shape
2. hexagonal Shape
3. Semi-circular shape
4. Circular Shape in complete
5. Circular car complete
6. U Shape

Building Services: Lifts Faculty :Ar. Alpa Pandya B. Arch III semester V
 These lifts have a carrying capacity
of 400-1500 kg (5-20 passengers)
there are several possible drive
systems and nominal speeds,
depending on the height of the
building and requirements for
comfort. Construction materials used
are glass and steel-polished brushed
or with high glass finish – brass and
bronze.
The panoramic lift enjoys great
popularity. This applies to both to
external lifts on the facades of
imposing business premises from
which passengers can enjoy the
view and internal lifts in department
stores or in foyers of large hotels
where they look out on to the sales
floors and displays.

Building Services: Lifts Faculty :Ar. Alpa Pandya B. Arch III semester V
Panoramic Lifts
Panoramic lifts been designed to be a masterpiece where its been installed , it is totally perfect
for the shopping malls and personal villas as well .
The Panoramic lifts feature a beautiful front sight made of secreted glass for maximum security
and safety option .
The lighting decoration makes the Panoramic lift to shine like a star in the night , and can really
add a beautiful value to the buildings fronts .

Building Services: Lifts Faculty :Ar. Alpa Pandya B. Arch III semester V
SCENIC LIFT

Building Services: Lifts Faculty :Ar. Alpa Pandya B. Arch III semester V
Wire ropes or cables:
Power generated by the traction unit is being transmitted to the lift car through steel wire ropes
or cables. The construction and size of these wire ropes or cable too vary as per the capacity
and use of the elevators. The safety of the passenger
The safety of the passenger in the lift car lies in the strength and reliability of these traction
ropes. A slight compromise with the quality of ropes may invite a sudden snapping of ropes,
which may result in fatal accidents.

Car and Landing Doors

Different types of doors are being used for lift cars and landings, depending upon the specific
needs, availability of space, aesthetic looks and off course, the cost factors.
1.collapsible door
2.Metallic swing door
3.Wooden swing door
4.Imperforated door
5.Telescopic doors ( available in 2 and 3 shutters)
6.Vertical biparting door

Building Services: Lifts Faculty :Ar. Alpa Pandya B. Arch III semester V
Building Services: Lifts Faculty :Ar. Alpa Pandya B. Arch III semester V
Control Panel
Landing and car operating panel
Electro mechanical Door Locks
These locks are fixed with door frames in the lift shaft, primarily to see, that the doors do not
open while the lift is in move and to ensure that only particular door should open for passengers,
only when the lift arrives that particular floor and goes up or down only when the door is closed
properly. Any electrical malfunctioning in the locks at any floor prompts the door open buzzer to
make alert sounds.
Speed Governor and safety Clutch
Speed governors and safety clutches are installed with the lifts to prevent the free falling of the
lift car with a dangerous speed due to either snapping of ropes or slippage of rope from the
traction shieve, or any other reason whatsoever, where the governors are thoroughly tested and
calibrated as to trip, only when the car attains a speed of 1.4 times more than the rated speed.
Electro magnetic Brakes
These brakes are incorporated on the power transmitting couplers between motor and gear box.
This applies rigidly on the couplers, when power supply to the motor is cut off and the car
reaches the desired floor ensuring no further movement of the lift car.
Interior of car enclosures

Building Services: Lifts Faculty :Ar. Alpa Pandya B. Arch III semester V
Stair Lifts ( Chair Lifts )
Stair Lifts or Chair Lifts were really designed in order to provide a highly efficient service with the
minimum cost and space saving features .
the stair lift can be installed on almost any stair shape and with total space saving design .
By using the double flywheel system the stair lifts are providing the smoothest movement there
could be , and its very suitable to be used by anyone and with all ages .
The control system provide the maximum safety standards as well as providing it with Safety
bells for a total safety grip to the chair while moving .
Stair lifts can also provided with a power failed device in order to reach to the nearest stop ,
power failed device can be ordered as additional option .

Building Services: Lifts Faculty :Ar. Alpa Pandya B. Arch III semester V
Dumbwaiter ( Service Lifts )
Dumbwaiter or Service Lift are the perfect chose for the modern living style
houses , libraries , hospitals , laundry services and others .
It small size makes it possible to be installed in a very small shafts and places ,
with a high capability of carrying big weights up to 300 Kg and more .
With its new complex machine makes it so quite while working with high speed
, the door locking system makes it so safe for houses with children around .
The Service lift uses power saving device feature in order to reduce the energy
usage .

Building Services: Lifts Faculty :Ar. Alpa Pandya B. Arch III semester V
Hospital Lifts ( Bed Lifts )
Hospital lifts were designed specially to handle the big size of the hospital's bed , it can also
carry a large number of customers and hospital staff .
The bed lifts can also be designed to have a multiple entrances in order to makes it easy to
travel using the hospital beds .
The main feature with this elevates is the power failed safety device witch provide a temporary
power supply to reach the elevator to the nearest stop .
The intercom system can be connected to an outside telephone main line for emergency case .

Building Services: Lifts Faculty :Ar. Alpa Pandya B. Arch III semester V
Cargo Lifts
Cargo lifts are being made specially to be able to carry heavy equipments and furniture , cargo
lifts can be used in office , residential and commercial buildings .
cargo lifts are totally safe , and can be provided with backup emergency power supply to avoid
the brake down in power fail situations .

Building Services: Lifts Faculty :Ar. Alpa Pandya B. Arch III semester V
Car Parking Lifts
Car Parking Lift's technology has been recently been used in modern houses , villas and car
parking services , it uses the hydraulic system in order to provide safety and smoothness in
movement .
The car parking lifts are ideal for parking garage that is in leak for space or even in the car
repairing shops .
The amazing ability to handle more than two cars makes it perfect for storing and parking cars
for long period .
It is very easy to use with security control for anti children and auto-theft .

Building Services: Lifts Faculty :Ar. Alpa Pandya B. Arch III semester V
Building Services: Lifts Faculty :Ar. Alpa Pandya B. Arch III semester V
Building Services: Lifts Faculty :Ar. Alpa Pandya B. Arch III semester V
Walkways
An escalator is a conveyor transport device for transporting people, consisting of individual,
linked steps that move up or down on tracks, which keep the treads horizontal.
As a power-driven, continuous moving stairway designed to transport passengers up and down
short vertical distances, escalators are used around the world to move pedestrian traffic in
places where elevators would be impractical. Principal areas of usage include department
stores, shopping malls, airports, transit systems, convention centers, hotels, and public
buildings.
The benefits of escalators are many. They have the capacity to move large numbers of people,
and they can be placed in the same physical space as one might install a staircase. They have
no waiting interval (except during very heavy traffic), they can be used to guide people toward
main exits or special exhibits, and they may be weather-proofed for outdoor use.
As recently as 2004, it was estimated that the United States had more than 30,000 escalators,
and that 90 billion riders traveled on escalators each year.
Escalators and their "cousins," moving walkways, are powered by constant-speed alternating
current motors and move at approximately 1–2 feet (0.3–0.6 m) per second. The maximum
angle of inclination of an escalator to the horizontal floor level is 30 degrees with a standard rise
up to about 60 feet (18 m).

Building Services: Lifts Faculty :Ar. Alpa Pandya B. Arch III semester V
Modern escalators have single-piece aluminum or steel steps that moves on a system of tracks
in a continuous loop. Escalators are typically used in pairs with one going up and the other
going down, however in some places - especially European stores and metro stations - there
are no escalators going down, the escalators only go up. Some modern escalators have
transparent side panels that reveal their gearings.
Escalators are required to have moving handrails that keep pace with the movement of the
steps. The direction of movement (up or down) can be permanently the same, or be controlled
by personnel according to the time of day, or automatically be controlled by whoever arrives
first, whether at the bottom or at the top (the system is programmed so that the direction is not
reversed while a passenger is on the escalator).
Building Services: Lifts Faculty :Ar. Alpa Pandya B. Arch III semester V
Building Services: Lifts Faculty :Ar. Alpa Pandya B. Arch III semester V
Construction Lifts
Construction lifts are ideal for under constriction buildings , because its makes it very easy for
the contractor to upload heavy equipments and materials , specially in high towers constriction
lift makes it easy even for the contractor or the job supervisor to be up to the munities unformed
and at present of the working progress at job sight .
Its usually installed on the side of the building , with its very big doors and capacity the
constriction lift can easily carry up to 1000 Kg .

Building Services: Lifts Faculty :Ar. Alpa Pandya B. Arch III semester V
Building Maintenance Unit (BMU)
The Building Maintenance Unit (BMU) is a special kind of elevators used specially in performing
maintenance for high buildings and for building front glass cleaning .
Comparing it to any other scissors crane or boom lifts , the BMU can go up to 50 store high and
even more .
Its very easy to use and very safe as well , it comes with wind blocker in order to avoid the
shacking and the movements in windy days and high floors .
The BMU can also be provided with a power failed backup device to provide a backup power
supply in case of power failed or a shutdown .

Building Services: Lifts Faculty :Ar. Alpa Pandya B. Arch III semester V
Tower Cranes
The tower crane is a modern form of balance crane. Fixed to the ground (or "jacked up" and
supported by the structure as the structure is being built), tower cranes often give the best
combination of height and lifting capacity and are used in the construction of tall buildings.
To save space and to provide stability the vertical part of the crane is often braced onto the
completed structure which is normally the concrete lift shaft in the center of the building.

Building Services: Lifts Faculty :Ar. Alpa Pandya B. Arch III semester V
A horizontal boom is balanced asymmetrically across the top of the tower. Its short arm carries a
counterweight of concrete blocks, and its long arm carries the lifting gear.
The crane operator either sits in a cabin at the top of the tower or controls the crane by radio
remote control from the ground, usually standing near the load. In the first case the operator's
cabin is located at the top of the tower just below the horizontal boom.
The boom is mounted on a slewing bearing and is rotated by means of a slewing motor. The
lifting hook is operated by a system of sheaves.
A tower crane is usually assembled by a telescopic jib crane of smaller lifting capacity but
greater height and in the case of tower cranes that have risen while constructing very tall
skyscrapers, a smaller crane (or derrick) will sometimes be lifted to the roof of the completed
tower to dismantle the tower crane afterwards.
A self-assembling tower crane lifts itself off the ground using jacks, allowing the next section of
the tower to be inserted at ground level. It is often claimed that a large fraction of the tower
cranes in the world are in use in Dubai.

Building Services: Lifts Faculty :Ar. Alpa Pandya B. Arch III semester V
Cable Way
An aerial tramway is a type of aerial lift in which a cabin is suspended from a cable and is pulled
by another cable.
Aerial tramways are often called a cable car or ropeway, and sometimes incorrectly referred to
as a gondola lift (not to be confused with a gondola).
Because of the proliferation of such systems in the Alpine regions of Europe, the French and
German language names of Téléphérique and Seilbahn are often also used in an English
language context. "Cable car" is the usual term in British English, as in British English the word
"tramway" generally refers to a railed street tramway.
Note also that, in American English, "cable car" is most often associated with surface cable car
systems, e.g. San Francisco's Cable Cars, so careful phrasing is necessary to prevent
confusion.

A chair for a cableway system has a load-bearing framework on which seat surfaces are
fastened, a load-bearing bar with a top end at which a clamping apparatus for coupling to a
supporting and haulage cable and running rollers are attached. Side panels or the like are
disposed at the two lateral ends of the chair.
A closure bar and, if appropriate, a covering hood, can be pivoted about spindles which are
aligned at least approximately horizontally in the operating position of the chair. The closure bar
and/or the covering hood can be pivoted from the open positions into the closed positions
counter to the action of at least one adjusting spring.
At least one of the side panels or the like is formed with a cavity in which at least one adjusting
spring is arranged.

Building Services: Lifts Faculty :Ar. Alpa Pandya B. Arch III semester V
Building Services: Lifts Faculty :Ar. Alpa Pandya B. Arch III semester V
The Principle
The gravity ropeway is an inexpensive and simple means of transportation. It operates by gravitational force
without the use of external power. The gravity ropeway consists of two trolleys which roll on support tracks.
These are attached to a control cable in the middle which moves in a traditional flywheel system. When the
loaded trolley at the up-station is pulled downward by the force of gravity, the other trolley at the bottom-
station is pulled up automatically by means of the control cable. In principal the goods coming downward from
the up-station must to be thrice as heavy as the up-going load. The sliding down of the trolley and its speed
depends upon the angle of elevation made by the cables installed with the horizontal ground.
A flywheel with bearing and bracket is used as a brake to control the landing speed of the trolley at the
bottom-station. Communication between top and bottom stations is done by tapping the wire rope. The
operator at the top-station strikes the wire rope with a stick to send a wave signal through the wire rope to the
operator at the down-station. The operator at the down-station then applies the hand brake to control the
flywheel.
Building Services: Lifts Faculty :Ar. Alpa Pandya B. Arch III semester V
 Thank You……………

Building Services: Lifts Faculty :Ar. Alpa Pandya B. Arch III semester V