Abdulrahman Smko Nasih

Tishk International University
Faculty: Pharmacy
First Stage
2019-2020
Stomach
Name: Abdullrahman Smko Nasih

Supervise by: Dr. Hiwa Banna
Course: Histology
Department: Pharmacy
Stomach
The stomach may be a rounded, hollow organ located

just inferior to the diaphragm within the left a part of the
abdomen. Located between the esophagus and therefore
the duodenum, the stomach may be a roughly crescent-
shaped enlargement of the alimentary canal. The inner
layer of the stomach is filled with wrinkles referred to as rugae (or gastric folds). Rugae both
allows the stomach to stretch so as to put up a large meal and help to grip and move food during
digestion.
The stomach can be divided into four regions:
1. The esophagus connects to the stomach at a little region called the cardia. The cardia may be a
narrow, tube-like region that exposes into the broader regions of the stomach. Within the cardia
is that the lower esophageal sphincter, a band of muscle
tissue that contracts to carry food and acid inside the
stomach.
2. The cardia empties in the body of the stomach, which

forms the central and largest region of the stomach.
3. Superior to the body may be a dome shaped region

referred to as the fundus.
4. Inferior to the body may be a funnel shaped region referred to as the pylorus. The pylorus
connects the stomach to the duodenum and contains the pyloric valve. The pyloric valve controls
the flow of partially digested food (known as chyme) out of the stomach and into the duodenum.
Function
The stomach has 3 main functions:
o Temporary storage for food, which passes from the esophagus to the stomach where it's
held for two hours or longer
o Mixing and breakdown of food by contraction and relaxation of the muscle layers within
the stomach
o Digestion of food
Microscopic analysis of the stomach’s structure reveals that it's made from several distinct layers
of tissue: the mucosa, submucosa, muscularis,
and serosa layers.
Mucosa
The innermost layer of the stomach is

understood because the mucosa, and is formed
of mucosa. The mucosa of the stomach contains
simple columnar epithelium tissue with many
exocrine cells. Small pores are called a gastric
pit contain a lot of an exocrine cells that secrete
digestive enzymes and acid into the lumen, or
hollow region, of the stomach. Mucous cells
found throughout the stomach lining and gastric pits secrete mucus to guard the stomach from its
own digestive secretions. The mucosa of the stomach is far thicker than the mucosa of the
opposite organs of the alimentary canal thanks to the depth of the gastric pits.
Deep inside the mucosa may be a thin layer of smooth muscle referred to as the muscularis
mucosae. The muscularis mucosae layer allows the mucosa to make folds and increase its
contact with the stomach’s contents.
Submucosa
Surrounding the mucosa is that the submucosa

layer of the stomach. The submucosa is made up
of various connective tissues, blood vessels, and
nerves. Connective tissues helped the tissues of the
mucosa and connect it to the muscularis layer. The
blood give of the submucosa provided the nutrients to the wall of the stomach. Nervous tissue
within the submucosa monitors the contents of the stomach and controls smooth contraction and
secretion of digestive substances.
Muscularis
The muscularis layer of the stomach surrounds the submucosa and makes up an outsized amount
of the stomach’s mass. The muscularis is formed of three layers of smooth muscle tissue
arranged with its fibers running in 3 different directions. These layers of smooth muscle allow
the stomach to contract to combine and propel food through the alimentary canal.
Serosa
The outermost layer of the stomach surrounding the muscularis layer is that the serosa — a
skinny serosa made from simple squamous epithelium and areolar animal tissue. The serosa has
a smooth, slippery surface and secretes a thin, watery secretion known as serous fluid. The
smooth, wet surface of the serosa helps to guard the stomach from friction because it expands
with food and moves to combine and propel the food.
References:
1. Organs Stomach. 2012. (19. November.
2012)science/humanbody/body/factfiles/stomach/stomach.shtml>
2. Wood, Jackie D. (2009), "Gastrointestinal Physiology", in Rhoades, Rodney A.; Bell, David
R. (eds.), Medical Physiology: Principles for Clinical Medicine (3rd ed.), Philadelphia, PA:
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, pp. 463–496.
3. The Stomach at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University).

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Tishk International University

Name: Abdullrahman Smko Nasih

The stomach may be a rounded, hollow organ located

The stomach can be divided into four regions:

2. The cardia empties in the body of the stomach, which

3. Superior to the body may be a dome shaped region

The stomach has 3 main functions:

The innermost layer of the stomach is

Surrounding the mucosa is that the submucosa

3. The Stomach at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University).

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