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    BEC and Plasma

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    Mary Ann Dimacali
    1. There are five states of matter: solids, liquids, gases, plasma, and Bose-Einstein condensate. 2. Plasma is an ionized gas that conducts electricity and is very hot, found in flames, lightning, stars, and nebulae. 3. Bose-Einstein condensate occurs at temperatures very close to absolute zero, where individual atoms cannot be distinguished and behave as one superatom.

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    BEC and Plasma

    Uploaded by

    Mary Ann Dimacali
    119 views25 pages
    1. There are five states of matter: solids, liquids, gases, plasma, and Bose-Einstein condensate. 2. Plasma is an ionized gas that conducts electricity and is very hot, found in flames, lightning, stars, and nebulae. 3. Bose-Einstein condensate occurs at temperatures very close to absolute zero, where individual atoms cannot be distinguished and behave as one superatom.

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    1. There are five states of matter: solids, liquids, gases, plasma, and Bose-Einstein condensate. 2. Plasma is an ionized gas that conducts electricity and is very hot, found in flames, lightning, stars, and nebulae. 3. Bose-Einstein condensate occurs at temperatures very close to absolute zero, where individual atoms cannot be distinguished and behave as one superatom.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    119 views25 pages

    BEC and Plasma

    Uploaded by

    Mary Ann Dimacali
    1. There are five states of matter: solids, liquids, gases, plasma, and Bose-Einstein condensate. 2. Plasma is an ionized gas that conducts electricity and is very hot, found in flames, lightning, stars, and nebulae. 3. Bose-Einstein condensate occurs at temperatures very close to absolute zero, where individual atoms cannot be distinguished and behave as one superatom.

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    You are on page 1of 25

    Two states of matter they

    didn’t teach you about in


    school…
    Until Now!
    Plasma

    Bose-
    Einstein
    Condensate
    We all know about:
    SOLIDS LIQUIDS GASES

    Lower Higher
    Temperature Temperature
    But what happens if you raise the
    temperature to super-high levels…
    between
    1000°C and 1,000,000,000°C ?

    Will everything
    just be a gas?
    NO!
    If the gas is made up of particles which carry an
    electric charge (“ionized particles”), but the
    entire gas as a whole has no electric charge,
    and if the density is not too high, then we can
    get

    The 4th state of matter:

    PLASMA
    Some places where plasmas are found…

    1.
    Flames
    2. Lightning
    3. Aurora (Northern
    Lights)
    4. Neon
    lights
    5. Stars

    Stars make up 99% of the total matter in the Universe.


    Therefore, 99% of everything that exists in the entire
    Universe is in the plasma state.
    The Sun is an example of a star in its
    plasma state
    6. Clouds of gas and
    dust around stars

    6
    So now we know all about
    four states of matter:
    PLASM
    LIQUIDS GASES AS
    SOLIDS (only for low
    density
    ionized gases)

    Lower Higher
    Temperature Temperature
    But now what happens if you lower the
    temperature way, way, down to
    100 nano degrees above
    “Absolute Zero” (-273°C)

    Will everything
    just be a frozen
    solid?
    Not Necessarily!
    In 1924 (82 years ago), two scientists, Albert
    Einstein and Satyendra Bose predicted a 5 th
    state of matter which would occur at very
    very low temperatures.

    Einstein Bose

    +
    Finally, in 1995 (only 11
    years ago!), Wolfgang
    Ketterle and his team of
    graduate students (like me)
    discovered the 5 th state of
    matter for the first time.
    Ketterle and his
    students

    The 5 state of matter:


    th

    Bose-Einstein
    Condensate
    In a Bose-Einstein condensate, atoms can
    no longer bounce around as individuals.

    Instead they must all act in exactly the


    same way, and you can no longer tell them
    apart!
    Here is a picture a computer took of

    Bose-Einstein
    Condensation
    The big peak happens
    when all the atoms
    act exactly the same
    way!
    (We can’t see
    Bose-Einstein
    condensation
    with our eyes
    because the
    atoms are too
    small)
    Some other computer images of Bose-Einstein Condensates…
    To really understand
    Bose-Einstein
    condensate you need to
    know

    Quantum
    Physics
    In 2002, Ketterle and two other scientists
    received the highest award in science for
    discovering Bose-Einstein condensate:

    The Nobel Prize


    The five states of matter:
    PLASM
    BOSE- AS
    EINSTEIN (only for low
    CONDENSA SOLIDS LIQUIDS GASES density
    ionized
    TE
    gases)

    Lower Higher
    Temperature Temperature

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