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Reciprocating Pump - Useful Equations

The document provides equations for calculating key parameters of reciprocating pumps, including: 1) Discharge (Q) for single and double acting pumps as a function of stroke length (L), pump speed (N), and piston area (A). 2) Work done (W) per second by the pump as a function of density (ρ), gravity (g), discharge (Q), lift height (h), and whether the pump is single or double acting. 3) Slip is defined as the difference between theoretical and actual discharge divided by the theoretical discharge. 4) Pressure head contributions from acceleration in suction/delivery pipes and inside the cylinder are defined.

Uploaded by

Vamsi Lankada
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
136 views

Reciprocating Pump - Useful Equations

The document provides equations for calculating key parameters of reciprocating pumps, including: 1) Discharge (Q) for single and double acting pumps as a function of stroke length (L), pump speed (N), and piston area (A). 2) Work done (W) per second by the pump as a function of density (ρ), gravity (g), discharge (Q), lift height (h), and whether the pump is single or double acting. 3) Slip is defined as the difference between theoretical and actual discharge divided by the theoretical discharge. 4) Pressure head contributions from acceleration in suction/delivery pipes and inside the cylinder are defined.

Uploaded by

Vamsi Lankada
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Reciprocating Pump – Useful equations

Discharge

𝐿𝐴𝑁
𝑄= 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑝𝑢𝑚𝑝
60
2𝐿𝐴𝑁
𝑄= 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑎 𝑑𝑜𝑢𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑝𝑢𝑚𝑝
60
Work done by a reciprocating pump per second

𝜌𝑔𝐿𝐴𝑁(ℎs + ℎ𝑑)
𝑊 = 𝜌𝑔𝑄𝐻 = 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑝𝑢𝑚𝑝
60
𝑊 = 2𝜌𝑔𝑄𝐻 = 2𝜌𝑔𝐿𝐴𝑁(ℎ"𝑠" + ℎ𝑑)/60 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑎 𝑑𝑜𝑢𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑝𝑢𝑚𝑝

Slip

𝑠𝑙𝑖𝑝 = 𝑄𝑡ℎ𝑒 − 𝑄𝑎𝑐𝑡

𝑄𝑡ℎ𝑒 − 𝑄𝑎𝑐𝑡
%𝑠𝑙𝑖𝑝 = ∗ 100
𝑄𝑡ℎ𝑒

Pressure head due to acceleration in the suction and delivery pipe

𝑙𝑠 𝐴
ℎ𝑎𝑠 = 𝑟𝜔2 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
𝑔 𝑎𝑠

𝑙𝑑 𝐴
ℎ𝑎𝑑 = 𝑟𝜔2 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
𝑔 𝑎𝑑

Pressure head inside the cylinder due to acceleration

Suction Stroke

𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑘𝑒, = ℎ𝑠 + ℎ𝑎𝑠 𝑏𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑎𝑡𝑚𝑜𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑐 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒

= 𝐻𝑎𝑡𝑚 − (ℎ𝑠 + ℎ𝑎𝑠 ) 𝑎𝑏𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒

𝑚𝑖𝑑𝑑𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑘𝑒, = ℎ𝑠 𝑏𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑎𝑡𝑚𝑜𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑐 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒

= 𝐻𝑎𝑡𝑚 − ℎ𝑠 𝑎𝑏𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒

𝑒𝑛𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑘𝑒, = ℎ𝑠 − ℎ𝑎𝑠 𝑏𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑎𝑡𝑚𝑜𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑐 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒

= 𝐻𝑎𝑡𝑚 − (ℎ𝑠 − ℎ𝑎𝑠 ) 𝑎𝑏𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒


Delivery Stroke

𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑦 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑘𝑒, = ℎ𝑑 + ℎ𝑎𝑑 𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑣𝑒 𝑎𝑡𝑚𝑜𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑐 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒

= 𝐻𝑎𝑡𝑚 + (ℎ𝑑 + ℎ𝑎𝑑 ) 𝑎𝑏𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒

𝑚𝑖𝑑𝑑𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑦 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑘𝑒, = ℎ𝑑 𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑣𝑒 𝑎𝑡𝑚𝑜𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑐 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒

= 𝐻𝑎𝑡𝑚 + ℎ𝑑 𝑎𝑏𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒

𝑒𝑛𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑦 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑘𝑒, = ℎ𝑑 − ℎ𝑎𝑑 𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑣𝑒 𝑎𝑡𝑚𝑜𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑐 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒

= 𝐻𝑎𝑡𝑚 + (ℎ𝑑 − ℎ𝑎𝑑 ) 𝑎𝑏𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒

Work done by the pump per second due to acceleration

𝜌𝑔𝐴𝐿𝑁
𝑊= (ℎ𝑠 + ℎ𝑑 ), 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑝𝑢𝑚𝑝
60
Loss of head due to friction in the suction and delivery pipe

4𝑓𝑙𝑣 2
ℎ𝑓 =
2𝑔𝑑
2
4𝑓𝑙 𝐴
= � 𝑟𝜔𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃� , 𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 (𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝑙, 𝑑 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒)
2𝑔𝑑 𝑎

Pressure head inside the cylinder due to acceleration and friction

Suction Stroke

𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑘𝑒, = ℎ𝑠 + ℎ𝑎𝑠 𝑏𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑎𝑡𝑚𝑜𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑐 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒

= 𝐻𝑎𝑡𝑚 − (ℎ𝑠 + ℎ𝑎𝑠 ) 𝑎𝑏𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒

𝑚𝑖𝑑𝑑𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑘𝑒, = ℎ𝑠 + ℎ𝑓𝑠 𝑏𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑎𝑡𝑚𝑜𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑐 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒

= 𝐻𝑎𝑡𝑚 − (ℎ𝑠 + ℎ𝑓𝑠 ) 𝑎𝑏𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒

𝑒𝑛𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑘𝑒, = ℎ𝑠 − ℎ𝑎𝑠 𝑏𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑎𝑡𝑚𝑜𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑐 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒

= 𝐻𝑎𝑡𝑚 − (ℎ𝑠 − ℎ𝑎𝑠 ) 𝑎𝑏𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒

Delivery Stroke

𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑦 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑘𝑒, = ℎ𝑑 + ℎ𝑎𝑑 𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑣𝑒 𝑎𝑡𝑚𝑜𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑐 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒

= 𝐻𝑎𝑡𝑚 + (ℎ𝑑 + ℎ𝑎𝑑 ) 𝑎𝑏𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒


𝑚𝑖𝑑𝑑𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑦 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑘𝑒, = ℎ𝑑 + ℎ𝑓𝑑 𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑣𝑒 𝑎𝑡𝑚𝑜𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑐 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒

= 𝐻𝑎𝑡𝑚 + (ℎ𝑑 + ℎ𝑓𝑑 ) 𝑎𝑏𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒

𝑒𝑛𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑦 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑘𝑒, = ℎ𝑑 − ℎ𝑎𝑑 𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑣𝑒 𝑎𝑡𝑚𝑜𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑐 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒

= 𝐻𝑎𝑡𝑚 + (ℎ𝑑 − ℎ𝑎𝑑 ) 𝑎𝑏𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒

Work done by the pump per second due to acceleration and friction is given by

𝜌𝑔𝐴𝐿𝑁 2 2
𝑊= �ℎ𝑠 + ℎ𝑑 + ℎ𝑓𝑠 + ℎ𝑓𝑑 � , 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑝𝑢𝑚𝑝
60 3 3

Maximum Speed of a reciprocating pump


Find the speed corresponding to
At the suction side,
suction side as well as delivery side.
𝐻𝑎𝑡𝑚 − (ℎ𝑠 + ℎ𝑎𝑠 ) = ℎ𝑠𝑒𝑝 , 𝑎𝑏𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒 Take the minimum speed of the two
as the maximum speed at which
At the delivery side,
pump can be operated without
𝐻𝑎𝑡𝑚 + (ℎ𝑑 − ℎ𝑎𝑑 ) = ℎ𝑠𝑒𝑝 , 𝑎𝑏𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒 separation.

Air Vessel

Mean velocity for a single acting reciprocating pump

𝐴 𝑟𝜔
𝑉� =
𝑎 𝜋
Work done by reciprocating pump with air vessels fitted to the suction and delivery pipes

𝜌𝑔𝐿𝐴𝑁
≈ �ℎ𝑠 + ℎ𝑑 + ℎ𝑓𝑠 + ℎ𝑓𝑑 �
60

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