FEM Design Verification Checklist for ADAPT-Builder 2016 (Summary)

Project Title Job No.

Discipline Structural File Ref.

Review Date Reviewer

Project Stage Circulation

Abbreviations Legend
ES = Every Storey RPT-G = Reports  Single Default Reports  Graphical Pass 
VSS = View Single Level Structure RPT-T = Reports  Single Default Reports  Tabular Fail X
VFS = View Full Structure DEAS = Differential Elastic Axial Shortening Not Applicable NA
BMVC = Building Model Validity Check RDS = Results Display Settings
LTD1 = VFS  Loading  Tributary Loads  Regenerate Tributaries (Adjusting for Transfer Floors)  Recalculate Loads
LTD2 = VSS  FEM  Automatic Mesh Generation  Analyse Structure [Apply Fz (Vertical) Gravity Load Cases Only: LTD1] (ES)
BA = VFS  FEM  Automatic Mesh Generation  Analyse Structure
FEFA = VSS  FEM  Automatic Mesh Generation  Analyse Structure

Building SLS Load (MN) | Undecomposed | BA | LTD1 | BA+LTD1 Foundation

Checklist Inclusions and Exclusions

EQ Checks Excluded Wall / Column Nodal Loads and Live Load Reduction Checks Excluded Hinged Beam Checks Excluded

Wall / Column Clear Height, Effective Height and Base Support Checks Included Transferred Wall / Column on Transfer Beam / Slab Checks Included

Section Properties, Torsion and Horizontal Framing Checks Excluded Method of Slab Analysis, Beam Load Application and Frame Analysis Checks Excluded

Redundant Slab, Beam and Wall / Column Analysis and Design Checks Excluded Rare Slab, Beam and Wall / Column Analysis and Design Checks Included

Pad Footing Checks Excluded Strip Footing Checks Excluded Raft / Piled Raft Footing Checks Excluded Pile Footing Checks Excluded

Note that in this document, the terms steel, rebar and reinforcement refer to steel reinforcement bars associated with RC or PT
construction, whilst the term tendon refers to tendons associated with PT construction.

ITEM CONTENT 
1.0 COMPANY STANDARD TEMPLATE CHECKS
1.1 General
1.11 Company standard template used  MultiStorey-EQ MultiStorey-NoEQ
1.12 Date of release of company standard template.
1.2 Variations to Company Standard Template
1.21 VFS  RPT-T  Structural Geometry  Slab Regions/Beams/Walls/Columns  check
concrete grade for slab/beam/wall/column.
VFS  Select by Type  select Beam  Modify Item Properties  check Beam Tab
uncracked stiffnesses (M11, M22, M33) to 1.00 and VFS  Select by Type  select
Slab Region  Modify Item Properties  check Slab Region Tab uncracked
stiffnesses (M11, M22) to 1.00.
VFS  Select by Type  select Beam  Modify Item Properties  check Beam Tab
cracked stiffnesses (M11, M22, M33) to 0.50 and VFS  Select by Type  select Slab
Region  Modify Item Properties  check Slab Region Tab cracked stiffnesses (M11,
M22) to 0.50.
BA/LTD2/FEFA  select Uncracked Stiffness Modifier for Class 1 PT or Class 2 PT and
Cracked Stiffness Modifier for RC or Class 3 PT.
1.22 Braced/unbraced wall/column.
1.23 Maximum beam/wall/column rebar diameter.
1.24 Adoption of (unique) design links at beam supports.
1.25 Beam section cuts (span only – once for every beam or once for every axis).
1.26 RigidZones None. RigidZones None
1.27 Compatibility torsion (M11=1.0) for transfer / edge beams for Class 1 PT or Class 2
PT.
Compatibility torsion (M11=0.5) for transfer / edge beams for RC or Class 3 PT.
1.28 Foundation load combinations S+G+Q load factor (1.00, 1.02, 1.05, 1.10).
1.29 Etcetera.

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FEM Design Verification Checklist for ADAPT-Builder 2016 (Summary)

ITEM CONTENT 
1.3 Variations to Material Properties
2.0 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN INTENT CHECKS
2.1 General
2.11 File  Import  DWG/DXF  import architectural drawing and check consistency of wall/column positions (ES).
2.12 File  Import  DWG/DXF  import architectural drawing and check consistency of slab/beam drops (ES).
2.13 File  Import  DWG/DXF  import architectural drawing and check consistency of slab edges and openings
(ES).
2.14 Build  Construction Aids  Level Assignment  check storey labels, storey heights, h (m) including stump
depth (hSt01 > deepest beam to ensure correct wall/column base shears) and define base level as St00.
2.15 Build  Construction Aids  Level Assignment  check total building elevation, HT (m).
3.0 FRAMING AND LOADING CHECKS
3.1 Framing Intent
3.11 Check floor framing intent (i.e. simple support, continuous, cantilever) is visually comprehensible.
Check staircase framing intent (i.e. longitudinal, transverse, stiffener) is visually comprehensible.
Check joint scheme (contraction, expansion, settlement and sway joints) is visually comprehensible.
Check frame sizes by VSS  RPT-G  Plan Geometry  compare: -

(i) slab sizes w.r.t. span to depth ratios (30 RC, 40 PT), ULS bending stress MULS/bh2  1N/mm2 <<
5N/mm2 and FEFA deflections, with MULS checked based on 1.4 x tributary width x (15.0-25.0kPa)
x L2/12,

(ii) beam sizes w.r.t. span to depth ratios (20 RC, 30 PT), ULS shear stress VULS/bh  3N/mm2 <<
5N/mm2 and ULS bending stress MULS/bh2  3N/mm2 << 5N/mm2 and FEFA deflections, with MULS
and VULS checked based on 1.4 x tributary width x (15.0-25.0kPa) x L2/12 and 1.4 x tributary
width x (15.0-25.0kPa) x L/2, respectively with As,prov  3000 . MULS (kNm) / d (mm),

(iii) shear wall #A sizes w.r.t. scheme design ratios (for 0.4% steel, AC  FULS / [15@C35; 17@C40;
19@C45; 21@C50; 23@C55; 25@C60] #B1, #B2 effectively equalising axial stress at every level to
cater for DEAS #C) and shear wall detailing capacity tables, with FULS checked based on 1.4 x tributary
area x no. of storeys x (15.0-25.0kPa) #D,

(iv) transfer beam sizes w.r.t. ULS shear stress VULS/bh  3N/mm2 << 5N/mm2 and ULS bending stress
MULS/bh2  3N/mm2 << 5N/mm2, ULS punching shear transfer column face stress Veff/ud  4N/mm2
<< 5N/mm2 (applicable when transfer beam width > column width), deep beam design #E1 and BA
and LTD2 deflections, with MULS = FULS.L/4 and VULS = FULS/2 #F1 computed from FULS checked based
on 1.4 x tributary area x no. of storeys x (15.0-25.0kPa) #D,

(v) transfer slab sizes w.r.t. ULS shear stress VULS/bh  3N/mm2 << 5N/mm2 and ULS bending stress
MULS/bh2  3N/mm2 << 5N/mm2, ULS punching shear transfer column and transferred walls/columns
face stress Veff/ud  4N/mm2 << 5N/mm2, ULS punching shear transfer column and transferred
walls/columns perimeter stress Veff/ud << 1N/mm2, deep beam design #E2 and BA and LTD2
deflections, with MULS = FULS.L/4 and VULS = FULS/2 #F2 computed from FULS checked based on 1.4 x
tributary area x no. of storeys x (15.0-25.0kPa) #D,

(vi) column #A sizes w.r.t. scheme design ratios (for 2.0% steel, AC  FULS / [20@C35; 22@C40; 24@C45;
26@C50; 28@C55; 30@C60] #B1, #B2 effectively equalising axial stress at every level to cater for
DEAS #C), with FULS checked based on 1.4 x tributary area x no. of storeys x (15.0-25.0kPa) #D,

(vii) lateral stability frame size and extent w.r.t. scheme design ratios (height / 10) whilst confirming the
braced/unbraced wall/column conditions based on the lateral stability system, the Moment Ratio
Check and/or the Sway Susceptibility Check (NHF / wind: non-sway with Q/1.4 ≤ 0.05 and sway with
Q/1.4 ≤ 0.25 with default stiffness parameters; EQ: non-sway with q.Q/0.7 ≤ 0.05 and sway with
q.Q/0.7 ≤ 0.25 with default stiffness parameters),
#G
(viii) lateral stability frame size and extent w.r.t. lateral stability base shear magnitude distribution and
lateral stability base moment magnitude distribution #H, and

(ix) lateral stability frame size and extent w.r.t. lateral deflections to NHF / wind #I (total/2 ≤ Htotal/500 and
storey,I/2 ≤ hstorey,I/500 with default stiffness parameters) and EQ #I (q.total ≤ Htotal/250 and
q.storey,I ≤ hstorey,I/250 (with fundamental period T1/2) with default stiffness parameters), (ES).

#A: Note check wall/column for Reference Planes Storeys Intervals ≥ 1 and perform BMVC.

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FEM Design Verification Checklist for ADAPT-Builder 2016 (Summary)

ITEM CONTENT 
#B1 [Textual]: Note check VSS  RPT-T  Structural Geometry  Walls/Columns for sectional area, AC and BA/LTD2 
VSS  RPT-T  Wall/Column Reactions (max) enveloping ULS combinations axial load, FULS to calculate ULS axial stress
FULS/AC (BA / LTD2). Note calculate % steel << 2%(shear wall vertical steel % limit for avoidance of through-thickness
links)/5%(column vertical steel % limit) manually.

#B2 [Visual]: Note check BA/LTD2  VSS  RPT-G  Wall/Column Reactions (max) enveloping ULS combinations axial
load, FULS to calculate ULS axial stress FULS/AC (BA / LTD2) manually or BA/LTD2  VSS  RDS  Wall/Column  Actions
(Diagram)  Axial Force selecting Envelope Strength combinations axial load, FULS to calculate ULS axial stress FULS/AC (BA
/ LTD2) manually. Note check LTD1  VSS  RDS  Load Takedown  Cumulative Loads manually factoring S, G and Q
for ULS combinations axial load, FULS to calculate ULS axial stress FULS/AC (LTD1 only) manually. Note calculate % steel <<
2%(shear wall vertical steel % limit for avoidance of through-thickness links)/5%(column vertical steel % limit) manually.

#C: Note check BA/FEFA  VSS  RDS  Wall/Column  Deformation  Z-Translation for DEAS and BA  VSS  RDS 
Wall/Column  Deformation  rr/ss-Translation for lateral deflection (sway) of the building due to DL+SDL+LL.

#D: Note check BA  VSS  RDS  Vibration for animated deflections for spurious members and BA  VFS  RDS 
Wall/Column  Actions (Diagram)  Axial Force ensuring gradual wall/column axial load increment and check BA/LTD2
 VSS  RPT-T  Wall/Column Reactions for minimal discrepancy between BA and LTD2 wall/column axial load
take down by ensuring minimal differential beam support (i.e. wall/column point) settlement (due to DEAS and differential
transfer floor deflection) in BA/FEFA  VSS  RDS  Wall/Column  Deformation  Z-Translation !.

#E1: Note check (a) transfer beam / transferred wall strut and tie truss analogy design for the transferred wall (acting as
the diagonal compression element with the provision of horizontal steel equivalent to ¼ of the required vertical steel) and
transfer beam (acting as the tension element with the provision of rebar of 0.95fy.As,prov to resist FULS/4 over the transfer beam
depth of span/3), (b) transfer beam deep beam design with As,prov  3800 . MULS (kNm) / h (mm), (c) transfer beam
longitudinal shear within web and between web and flanges and (d) transfer beam torsion design.

#E2: Note check (a) transfer slab / transferred wall strut and tie truss analogy design for the transferred wall (acting as
the diagonal compression element with the provision of horizontal steel equivalent to ¼ of the required vertical steel) and
transfer slab (acting as the tension element with the provision of rebar of 0.95f y.As,prov to resist FULS/4 over the transfer slab
depth of span/3), (b) transfer slab deep beam design with As,prov  3800 . MULS (kNm) / h (mm) and (c) transfer slab
longitudinal shear within web.

#F1: Note check BA/LTD2  VSS  RDS  Beam  Actions (Diagram)  Moment About zz for minimal discrepancy
between BA and LTD2 transfer beam bending moments by ensuring minimal differential transfer beam support (i.e.
wall/column point) settlement (due to DEAS) !.

#F2: Note check BA/LTD2  VSS  RDS  Slab  Actions (Contour Map)  |Mxx|+|Mxy| and |Myy|+|Mxy| for minimal
discrepancy between BA and LTD2 transfer slab bending moments by ensuring minimal differential transfer slab
support (i.e. wall/column point) settlement (due to DEAS) !.

#G: Note check VSS  RPT-T  Structural Geometry  Walls/Columns for sectional area, AC and BA  VSS  RPT-T 
Wall/Column Reactions (max) enveloping ULS combinations shear force, VULS to calculate ULS shear stress  = VULS/AC 
3N/mm2 (based on nominal link provision for vertical elements loaded to 40%fcu at ULS i.e. the capacity for a 0.4% steel
reinforced vertical element) << 5N/mm2 for all stability base shear resisting elements i.e. shear walls above transfer and
shear walls / mega columns below transfer.

#H: Note ensure no foundation uplift.

#I: Note check on-plan torsional twist due to NHF, wind and EQ loads.
3.2 Slab Loads
3.21 VSS  Loading  Add Load  Patch Load Wizard  add slab LL (ES).
VSS  RPT-G  Loading  Live Load  check slab LL (ES).
3.22 VSS  Loading  Add Load  Patch Load Wizard  add slab SDL (ES).
VSS  RPT-G  Loading  Dead Load  check slab SDL (ES).
3.23 VSS  Loading  Add Load  Point, Line and Patch Load  add slab point, line and partial patch load (ES).
VSS  RPT-G  Loading  Live Load and Dead Load  check slab point, line and partial patch loading visually
(ES).
3.3 Beam Loads
3.31 VSS  Loading  Add Load  Line Load  add beam internal cladding line load (ES).
VSS  RPT-G  Loading  Dead Load  check beam internal cladding line load visually (ES).
3.32 VSS  Loading  Add Load  Line Load  add beam external cladding line load (ES).
VSS  RPT-G  Loading  Dead Load  check beam external cladding line load visually (ES).
3.33 VSS  Loading  Add Load  Line Load  add beam user defined line loads (ES).
VSS  RPT-G  Loading  Live Load and Dead Load  check beams with user defined line loads visually (ES).
3.4 Wall/Column Loads
3.5 Lateral Loads
3.51 VSS  Loading  Add Load  Patch Load Wizard  add NHF loads (ES).

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FEM Design Verification Checklist for ADAPT-Builder 2016 (Summary)

ITEM CONTENT 
VSS  RPT-G  Loading  User Defined Load Cases  check NHF loads (ES).
VFS  Loading  Add Load  Wind Load Wizard  add wind loads (ES).
VSS  RPT-G  Loading  User Defined Load Cases  check wind loads (ES).
3.6 Imposed Load Reduction
3.7 Load Combination Cases
4.0 BOUNDARY CONDITION CHECKS
4.1 Beam/Column Releases
4.11 VFS  Select by Type  select Beam  Modify Item Properties  check Beam Tab releases are unselected
(ES).
4.2 Wall/Column Clear Height
4.21 Wall/Column Clear Height Calculation
Item Wall Clear Height Column Clear Height
Beam Depths Not Included Not Included
Included only if a corresponding
Included only if a corresponding
Vertical Offset definition is
Beam Drops or Elevation Offset-z definition is specified for
specified for the wall in the
Vertical Offset the column in the particular
particular storey and the storey
storey and the storey above
above
Included only if the number of Included only if the number of
Multiple Storey storeys that the wall spans is storeys that the column spans is
Wall/Column Spans specified in Reference Planes specified in Reference Planes
Storeys Intervals #A Storeys Intervals #A
#A: VFS  RPT-T  Structural Geometry  Walls/Columns  check walls/columns Reference Planes Storey Intervals
definition indirectly by checking walls/columns length, noting that only walls/columns that are strutted/tied in both
directions may be considered Reference Planes Storeys Intervals = 1 (ES). Struts/ties should be capable of resisting
2.5% of the design ultimate vertical load that the wall/column is designed to carry at the point of lateral support as
stipulated by cl.3.9.2.3 BS8110-1. Note that the struts/ties should be at least 1/10th of the stiffness of the columns, i.e.
Ibeam/Lbeam ≥ 0.10[Icolumn/Lcolumn] to be effective as suggested by cl.2.5.4 BS8110-2 and is to be fully restrained by a
horizontal diaphragm (floor slab, note that flat slab also constitutes a horizontal diaphragm), failing which the summation of
beam stiffnesses of at least 1/10th of the summation of column stiffnesses is mandatory.
4.22 Recognition of Reference Planes Storeys Intervals ≥ 2 Wall/Column As Beam Supports
for Beams Not on the Wall/Column Defined Storey
Item BA FEFA
Wall Recognized Recognized
Column Recognized Recognized
4.3 Wall/Column Effective Length Factor
4.31 Check Braced adopted for walls/columns in a lateral stability system (ES): -
(i) that exist in a coupled shear wall (minor plane only) / outrigger frame (outrigger columns only)
/ (framed) tube flange / (framed) tube web (minor plane only) lateral stability system (cl.3.8.1.5
BS8110-1), and
(ii) that have a total (of all walls/columns in question) gross stiffness ≤ 1/12th of the total gross
stiffness of the bracing elements resisting lateral movement of that storey (cl.6.2.5 ACI 318-14), and
(iii) that exhibit a total (of all walls/columns in question) magnitude of shear force and bending moment
(excluding the bending moment back-calculated by multiplying the push-pull axial forces of the
walls/columns at the frame extremity) based on the Moment Ratio Check ≤ 1/12th of the total
magnitude of shear force and bending moment (including ditto) of the bracing elements resisting lateral
movement of that storey (inferred from cl.6.2.5 ACI 318-14), and
(iv) that are within a sway storey (exhibiting Q ≤ 0.25 or   4.0) based on the Sway Susceptibility Check
but with elastic second-order analysis / P- analysis / lateral loads (wind, EQ) amplification with the
amplified sway factor, m = /(1) performed (cl.6.2.6 and cl.R6.7.1.2 ACI 318-14), or (albeit
unconservatively)
(v) that are within a non-sway storey (exhibiting Q ≤ 0.05 or   20) based on the Sway Susceptibility
Check (based on cl.6.6.4.3(b) ACI 318-14).
Note that for significant buildings, based on a (vertical load take down, base lateral load distribution and
lateral drift verified) CSI.Etabs model, a first principle eigenvalue buckling analysis should be performed to
confirm the global building buckling characteristics (requiring   4.0 to cl.R6.2.6 ACI 318-14 and to verify
the value for m in m = /(1)) and local mega column buckling characteristics ((requiring   1).
4.32 Check Unbraced adopted for walls/columns in a lateral stability system (ES): -
(i) that exist in a coupled shear wall (major plane only) / moment frame / outrigger frame (except
outrigger columns) / (framed) tube web (major plane only) lateral stability system (cl.3.8.1.5

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FEM Design Verification Checklist for ADAPT-Builder 2016 (Summary)

ITEM CONTENT 
BS8110-1), or
(ii) that have a total (of all walls/columns in question) gross stiffness > 1/12th of the total gross
stiffness of the bracing elements resisting lateral movement of that storey (cl.6.2.5 ACI 318-14), or
(iii) that exhibit a total (of all walls/columns in question) magnitude of shear force or bending moment
(excluding the bending moment back-calculated by multiplying the push-pull axial forces of the
walls/columns at the frame extremity) based on the Moment Ratio Check > 1/12th of the total
magnitude of shear force or bending moment (including ditto) of the bracing elements resisting lateral
movement of that storey (inferred from cl.6.2.5 ACI 318-14), and (albeit unconservatively)
(iv) that are within a sway storey (exhibiting Q > 0.05 or  < 20) based on the Sway Susceptibility Check
(based on cl.6.6.4.3(b) ACI 318-14).
Note that for significant buildings, based on a (vertical load take down, base lateral load distribution and
lateral drift verified) CSI.Etabs model, a first principle eigenvalue buckling analysis should be performed to
confirm the global building buckling characteristics (requiring   4.0 to cl.R6.2.6 ACI 318-14 and to verify
the value for m in m = /(1)) and local mega column buckling characteristics ((requiring   1).
4.33 Check manually Edited Bracing adopted for walls/columns in structures with transferred lateral stability (e.g.
braced shear wall residential block on an unbraced moment frame car park podium, noting that should the
car park podium floors be constructed in flat slabs instead of in beams and slabs, the unbraced mega columns
beneath the transfer floor would effectively resist a primary stability base shear induced vierendeel moment over
its height from the transfer floor to a base level that can effectively transfer the stability base shear into the
foundations unless, and as highly recommended, a certain proportion of the existing shear walls are continued
below the transfer floor to the foundations or if new shear walls are introduced below the transfer floor, yielding
a scenario akin to the core and outrigger form of stability whereby the stability base moment is resolved into
axial forces into the then braced (provided cl.6.2.5 and conservatively cl.6.6.4.3(b) ACI 318-14 are satisfied
for a non-sway storey) mega columns and the stability base shear is transferred by the transfer floor diaphragm
to the shear walls beneath the transfer floor into the foundations; note that even if the car park podium floors
were constructed in beams and slabs, it is likely that the stability base shear will migrate to the usually stiffer
shear walls if they are provided; note that a ULS shear stress check should be done on all stability base shear
resisting elements) (ES).
4.4 Wall/Column Base Support Conditions
4.41 RPT-T  Structural Geometry  Releases and Restraints  check user-defined supports (Build  Support 
Point and Line Supports  introduce lateral and rotational flexibility): -
Pad, Strip, Raft, Piled Raft Foundations
- Introduce lateral flexibility in both directions in accordance with soil stiffness.
- Introduce zero rotational flexibility in both planes.
Piled Foundations (with Dropped or Integrated Pile Caps)
- Introduce lateral flexibility in both directions in accordance with soil stiffness.
- Introduce rotational flexibility in both planes for single-pile pile caps and one plane for double-pile pile caps.
4.42 Check stepped foundations levels relative to St00 (e.g. general pile cap level compared to the lift pit pile cap
level) defined with -ve Offset-z (bot) upwards in the St01 wall/column definitions.
4.43 Check stepped foundations levels relative to St0i where i≥1 defined with -ve Offset-z (bot) upwards and Point
and Line Supports defined in St0i+1 wall/column definitions (check user-defined supports) noting that user-
defined support types are defined in Build  Support  Point and Line Supports. Alternatively, wall/column
definitions at St0i+1 where i≥1 may be defined with Reference Planes Storeys Intervals ≥ 2 and -ve Offset-z
(bot) upwards defined to extend beyond the storey height(s).
5.0 MODELLING CHECKS
5.1 General
5.11 Check all elements modelled with their analytical footprint matching their physical footprint (ES).
5.12 Check that secondary beam spans break at primary beam crossings and that primary beam spans break at
wall/column crossings (ES).
Check that offset beams (which are secondary beams that frame into the beam in question within the footprint
of the wall/column) are avoided as far as it is practical (ES).
5.13 Check 3D visualization (Adapt Solid Modelling) for accuracy of modelling in particular: -
 slab and beam drops and soffit continuity (ES).
 consistency of inter-storey wall/column setting out (ES).
 multi-storey (Reference Planes Storeys Intervals > 1) wall/column element spans, noting that only
walls/columns that are strutted/tied in both directions may be considered Reference Planes
Storeys Intervals = 1 (ES).
5.14 Check validity of slab contributing to floor diaphragm for all dropped slabs, inclined slabs, slabs near inclined
walls/columns and conservatively slabs near basement retaining walls to ensure that the stability base shear is
resisted by the walls/columns supporting the superstructure (ES).
5.15 Check all cantilever beams are identified as such (ensuring the correct cantilever reinforcement detailing and the
correct deflection assessment based on cantilever span / depth ratios) (ES).

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FEM Design Verification Checklist for ADAPT-Builder 2016 (Summary)

ITEM CONTENT 
5.16 Check all similar storeys are defined with their correct storey height to ensure that wall/column clear heights are
accurately calculated.
5.2 Section and Material Properties
5.22 Check slab cover 25mm internal and 40mm external (e.g. ground, podium deck, swimming pool, water tank,
roof) (ES).
5.3 Element Horizontal Framing
5.4 Element Vertical Framing
5.41 Requirement of Element to Frame Vertically (Between Storeys)
onto Element Insertion Point / Line (or Simply Within the Element Footprint on Plan)
Element Slab Beam Wall Column
Slab N/A N/A N/A N/A
Beam N/A N/A N/A N/A
#A #B2 #B1, #C #B1
Wall Not Required Not Required Not Required Not Required
#D #E #F #F
Column Not Required Not Required Not Required Not Required
#A: Check wall footprint need only frame onto footprint of transfer slab (ES).
#B1: Check wall footprint need only frame onto footprint of transfer column. Manually perform the strut and tie truss
analogy design for the transferred wall and the transferred wall bearing stress check to 0.40fcu at supports (over the
minimum of the length of the support or 0.2 x clear span, ref. CIRIA Guide 2 and thickness of the transferred wall) for the
transferred wall (ES).
#B2: Check wall footprint need only frame onto footprint of transfer beam. Manually perform the strut and tie truss
analogy design for the transferred wall (acting as the diagonal compression element) and transfer beam (acting as the
tension element). Manually perform the deep beam design for the transfer beam. (ES).
#C: Check wall footprint need only frame onto footprint of wall (ES).
#D: Check column footprint need only frame onto footprint of transfer slab (ES).
#E: Check column footprint need only frame onto footprint of transfer beam (ES).
#F: Check column footprint need only frame onto footprint of wall/column (ES).
5.42 Check employment of FE Shell Model (with mesh size being reduced until convergence of the wall axial forces
and bending moments) idealisation (Mid-Pier idealisation N/A) for transferred walls at the transfer level for a
greater distribution of load and the realistic adoption of the wall contribution to the load transfer.
5.43 Check for transferred walls framing across multiple transfer walls / transfer columns / transfer beams along the
same axis that the FE Shell Model idealisation (Mid-Pier idealisation N/A) is used.
5.44 Check transfer wall / transfer beam and transferred wall are modelled with their analytical footprint matching
their physical footprint and centroid coincident with each other as beam torsions due to any relative offset will
not be generated as beam rigid links are not created. Check transfer column / transfer beam and transferred
column are modelled with their physical footprint centroid coincident with each other.
5.45 Modelling of Transferred Walls
Transfer
Transfer Wall/ Rigid Overlap
#A Remark
red Wall Column Zones
#C

#B #B No  Correct flexible representation of transfer beam bending

Wall Wall None
Overlap moment and shear force effects
#B No  Correct flexible representation of transfer beam bending
Wall Column None
Overlap moment and shear force effects
Full /
#B #B #D  Correct flexible representation of transfer beam bending
Wall Wall None Partial
moment and shear force effects
Overlap
Full /
#B  Correct flexible representation of transfer beam bending
Wall Column None Partial
moment and shear force effects
Overlap
#B #B No
Wall Wall Max N/A
Overlap
#B No
Wall Column Max N/A
Overlap
Full /
#B #B #D
Wall Wall Max Partial N/A
Overlap
Full /
#B
Wall Column Max Partial N/A
Overlap

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FEM Design Verification Checklist for ADAPT-Builder 2016 (Summary)

ITEM CONTENT 
#A: Overlap refers to overlap between transferred wall and transfer wall/column.
#B: Wall refer to FE Shell Model wall (Mid-Pier wall N/A). For FE Shell Model walls, smaller shell mesh sizes should be
investigated until convergence of the maximum support shear force effects on transfer beams.
#C: With regards to the wall/column effective length calculation, the clear height computation for walls/columns does not
incorporate the reduction due to the depth of the incoming beam(s).
#D: Check for models with transferred walls overlapping with transfer walls/columns, specify RigidZones as None in BA or
FEFA (RigidZones as Maximum N/A). As an alternative to specifying RigidZones as Maximum, specify walls instead of columns
to effectively model columns with rigid beam arms.
5.5 Housekeeping
5.51 VFS  Select by Type  select Slab Region / Beam  Tools  Reset Labels  All  re-label all slabs and
beams independently between storeys.
5.52 VFS  Select by Type  select Wall / Column  Tools  Reset Labels  For Column/Wall Stacks  re-label all
walls and columns consistently between storeys.
5.6 Model Integrity
5.61 VSS  Select/Set View Items  select Slab Region/Beam/Wall/Column ID  check for overlapping
slabs/beams/walls/columns (ES).
BMVC  VFS  Build  Preprocessing  Establish Component Connectivity.
5.62 BMVC  VFS  Build  Preprocessing  Connect Beams to Columns and Walls.
6.0 METHOD OF ANALYSIS CHECKS
6.1 Method of Slab Analysis and Design
6.2 Method of Application of Slab Loads onto Beams
6.3 Method of Frame Analysis
6.32 Transferred Beam/Slab
on Transferred Wall/Column on Transfer Beam/Slab
ULS and SLS Effects ULS and SLS Effects
on Transferred on Transfer
Method of Frame
Beam or
Analysis Beam
Wall/Column
Beam or Slab Slab
Slab in Slab in
Wall/ Beam
Vicinity Vicinity
Column
Supported Supported Supported Supported Supported Supported
1 BA #A, #B #A, #B #A, #B #C #D #D

Not
Not Not Supported Supported Supported
2 LTD2 Supported #C #D #D
#A Supported Supported
#A: Check that the envelope effects of both Method 1 and Method 2 are used in the design of transferred beams,
transferred slabs in vicinity, transferred slabs and transferred walls/columns, noting that Method 1 supports the effects of
differential support settlement on superstructure beams, superstructure slabs in vicinity and superstructure slabs
supported on walls/columns on transfer beams or transfer slabs or due to DEAS of adjacent walls/columns. Note that the
actual results (which can be predicted by a staged construction analysis) fall in between the effects produced by the two
methods.
#B: Check that Method 1 is adopted to cater for the effects of differential support settlement of transferred beams,
transferred slabs in vicinity, transferred slabs and transferred walls/columns on transfer slabs.
#C: Check that Method 2 is used to evaluate the effects on the transfer beams as Method 2 does not allow for the flexibility
of the transfer beam resulting in larger action effects (forces, moments) on the transfer beam.
#D: Check that Method 2 is used to evaluate the effect of walls/columns on transfer slabs and on slabs in the vicinity of
walls/columns on transfer beams as Method 2 does not allow for the flexibility of the transfer slab / transfer beam
resulting in larger action effects (forces, moments) on the transfer slab / slabs in the vicinity of transfer beams.
7.0 SLAB ANALYSIS AND DESIGN CHECKS
7.1 General
7.11 In RC models, check sufficiency of rebar in orthogonal directions to fully mesh slab (ES).
In PT models, check sufficiency of tendons (and rebar) in orthogonal directions to fully mesh slab (ES).
7.2 Conventional Codified BS8110 Coefficients Method
7.3 Full FE Method Design Method
7.31 VFS  Select by Type  select Beam  Modify Item Properties  check Beam Tab uncracked stiffnesses (M11,
M22, M33) to 1.00 and VFS  Select by Type  select Slab Region  Modify Item Properties  check Slab
Region Tab uncracked stiffnesses (M11, M22) to 1.00.
VFS  Select by Type  select Beam  Modify Item Properties  check Beam Tab cracked stiffnesses (M11,
M22, M33) to 0.50 and VFS  Select by Type  select Slab Region  Modify Item Properties  check Slab
Region Tab cracked stiffnesses (M11, M22) to 0.50.
FEFA  select Uncracked Stiffness Modifier for Class 1 PT or Class 2 PT and Cracked Stiffness Modifier for RC or
Class 3 PT (ES).

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FEM Design Verification Checklist for ADAPT-Builder 2016 (Summary)

ITEM CONTENT 
7.32 Positive and Negative Moment Factors for FEFA Effects
Positive Negative
Moment Moment
Factor Factor
(Less conservative) elasto-plastic slab design
1.2 0.8
(assuming conditions of cl.3.5.2.3 BS8110-1 satisfied)
(More conservative) elastic slab design
1.0 1.0
(assuming conditions of cl.3.5.2.3 BS8110-1 satisfied)
(More conservative) elastic slab design with equivalent pattern loading
1.2 1.0
(assuming conditions of cl.3.5.2.3 BS8110-1 not satisfied)
7.33 FEFA  VSS  RDS  Vibration  check animated deflections for modelling accuracy (ES).
7.34 PT Tendon Modelling
Build  Tendon  Create Tendon / Map Tendon Banded / Map Tendon Distributed  check tendons based on
prestress force and eccentricity required for load balancing and prestress force for average precompression (ES).

RC or PT Deflection Checks
FEFA  VSS  RDS  Slab  Deformation  Z-Translation  check |TLS|=|DL+PT| deflections 
{[span/500 to span/350].C1, 20mm} (ES).
FEFA  VSS  RDS  Slab  Deformation  Z-Translation  check SLS=DL+SDL+LL+PT deflections 
[span/250].C1 (ES).
FEFA  VSS  RDS  Slab  Deformation  Z-Translation  check kC.(DL+SDL)+LL+kC,PT.PT deflections 
{[span/500 to span/350].C1, 20mm}, note the creep term also includes the total elastic axial shortening of the
one storey in question (ES).
FEFA  VSS  RDS  Slab  Deformation  Z-Translation  check kC.(DL+SDL)+LL+kC,PT.PT deflections at
façade beams  {[span/1000].C1, 20mm}, note the creep term also includes the total elastic axial shortening of
the one storey in question (ES).
Note C1 = {0.8 for flanged beams, 10.0/span(m) for spans > 10.0m, 0.9 for flat slabs}. Note deflection criteria to
cl.3.4.6.3 and cl.3.4.6.4 BS8110-1 and cl.3.2.1.1 and cl.3.2.1.2 BS8110-2. Note creep factor, kc calculated from
equating 0.5.(1-0.4)DL+1.0SDL=kC.(DL+SDL) based on multiplying factor 0.5 for the total DL creep deflection
component (as opposed to the instantaneous deflection component) to (1-0.4) for the remaining 60%
component of DL creep deflection after 1 month (cl.7.3 BS8110-2), giving kC=[0.3DL+1.0SDL]/[DL+SDL]. Note
likewise creep factor, kc,PT calculated as (1-0.5/KLT.KST).(1-0.4)=0.2625.
LPB LPB

LS : slab deflection check

LS LS
LSB : secondary beam
deflection check
LSB LSB
LFR LPB : primary beam deflection
LFR check

LFR : frame (column to

column) deflection check

In RC models, note if necessary, the simulation of the beneficial effect of additional reinforcement in controlling
deflections can be made by factoring down the exhibited deflections by the ratio of the modified span / effective
depth to the ratio of the basic span / effective depth (cantilever 7.0, simply supported 20.0, continuous 26.0)
(ES).
7.35 PT Tendon Modelling
Build  Tendon  Create Tendon / Map Tendon Banded / Map Tendon Distributed  check tendons based on
prestress force and eccentricity required for load balancing and prestress force for average precompression (ES).

RC or PT Design Strip Support Lines, RC or PT Design Strip Tributaries and RC or PT Design Strip
Design Sections Frequency
VSS  Strips  Create Support Lines  check design strip support lines in X/Y directions (ES).
VSS  select Support Lines  Modify Item Properties  check Support Line Tab direction, criteria, rebar layer,
maximum number of design sections per span to 10, distance of design section from face of column to 50mm,
selecting display design sections and display results (ES).
VSS  Strips  Create Splitters  check design strip support lines splitters spanning between defined support
lines for voids (e.g. lift and staircase) (ES).
VSS  RPT-G  Design Plans  Support Lines X/Y-Directions  check design strip support lines in X/Y

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FEM Design Verification Checklist for ADAPT-Builder 2016 (Summary)

ITEM CONTENT 
directions (ES).
VSS  Strips / FEM  Generate Design Sections Automatically  Regenerate Tributaries  check design strip
tributaries in X/Y directions and design strip design sections frequency for RC (column and middle design strip)
or PT (full tributary width design strip) (ES).
VSS  RPT-G  Design Plans  Design Strips X/Y-Directions  check design strip tributaries in X/Y directions
(ES).

FE Analysis Method RC Analysis and Design

FEFA  VSS  check RC analysis and design in X/Y directions (ES)  RDS  Slab
 Actions (Contour Map)  |Mxx|+|Mxy| and |Myy|+|Mxy|  check ULS bending effects MULS,E/E, note w.o./w.
the differential elastic axial shortening of adjacent supports.
 manually check ULS shear effects VULS,E/E, note w.o./w. the differential elastic axial shortening of adjacent
supports.

RC Design Strip Design Sections FE Analysis Method Integration of Effects Analysis and RC Design
Strip Design Sections Design
FEFA  VSS  FEM  Design the “Design Section(s)”  Investigate (does not add rebar even if required) /
Design (does add rebar if required)  check design strip design sections RC analysis and design in X/Y
directions (ES)  RDS  Design Sections
 Actions  Bending  check ULS bending effects MULS,E/E based on 1.4 x tributary width x (15.0-25.0kPa) x
L2/12, note w.o./w. the differential elastic axial shortening of adjacent supports.
 Actions  Shear  check ULS shear effects VULS,E/E based on 1.4 x tributary width x (15.0-25.0kPa) x L/2,
note w.o./w. the differential elastic axial shortening of adjacent supports.
 manually check rebar areas (to resist ULS bending) required {As(d)xx, As(d)yy}, noting minimum steel.
 manually check ULS shear capacity, Vu is greater than ULS shear effects VULS,E/E together with the
associated required shear links Asv,req/S.
FEFA  VSS  FEM  Generate Rebar Drawing  check rebar (to resist ULS bending) required in X/Y
directions (ES).

FE Analysis Method PT Analysis and Design

FEFA  VSS  check PT analysis and design in X/Y directions (ES)  RDS  Slab
 Actions (Contour Map)  |Mxx|+|Mxy| and |Myy|+|Mxy|  check TLS/SLS bending effects
MTLS/SLS,E/E+MTLS/SLS,E/L are minimal.
 Actions (Contour Map)  |Mxx|+|Mxy| and |Myy|+|Mxy|  check ULS bending effects MULS,E/E+MULS,S/E, note
w.o./w. the differential elastic axial shortening of adjacent supports.
Note by convention, +ve bending moment is sagging and –ve bending moment is hogging (consistent with
ADAPT-Builder).
 Stress (Contour Map)  Mid-Depth Along XX/YY  check TLS/SLS average precompression 0.7-
2.5N/mm2 for slab and 2.5-4.5N/mm2 for beam.
 Stress (Contour Map)  Top Fibre Along XX/YY  check TLS top stress f’min,t ≤ f’t ≤ f’max,t
BM:| -1.0 ≤ f’t ≤ 0.50fci [CL1] | -0.36√fci ≤ f’t ≤ 0.50fci [CL2] | -0.25fci ≤ f’t ≤ 0.50fci [CL3] |
FS:| -1.0 ≤ f’t ≤ 0.24fci [CL1] | -0.36√fci ≤ f’t ≤ 0.24fci [CL2] | -0.45√fci ≤ f’t ≤ 0.24fci [CL3] |
 Stress (Contour Map)  Bottom Fibre Along XX/YY  check TLS bottom stress f’min,b ≤ f’b ≤ f’max,b
BM:| -1.0 ≤ f’b ≤ 0.50fci [CL1] | -0.36√fci ≤ f’b ≤ 0.50fci [CL2] | -0.25fci ≤ f’b ≤ 0.50fci [CL3] |
FS:| -1.0 ≤ f’b ≤ 0.33fci [CL1] | -0.36√fci ≤ f’b ≤ 0.33fci [CL2] | -0.45√fci ≤ f’b ≤ 0.33fci [CL3] |
 Stress (Contour Map)  Top Fibre Along XX/YY  check SLS top stress fmin,t ≤ ft ≤ fmax,t
BM:| -0.0 ≤ ft ≤ 0.33fcu [CL1] | -0.36√fcu ≤ ft ≤ 0.33fcu [CL2] | -<.......> ≤ ft ≤ 0.33fcu [CL3] |
FS:| -0.0 ≤ ft ≤ 0.33fcu [CL1] | -0.36√fcu ≤ ft ≤ 0.33fcu [CL2] | -0.45√fcu ≤ ft ≤ 0.33fcu [CL3] |
Note -<.......> = MAX {-0.25fcu, (0.7-1.1).(-0.58√fcu to -0.82√fcu)-4N/mm2/1.0%}.
 Stress (Contour Map)  Bottom Fibre Along XX/YY  check SLS bottom stress fmin,b ≤ fb ≤ fmax,b
BM:| -0.0 ≤ fb ≤ 0.40fcu [CL1] | -0.36√fcu ≤ fb ≤ 0.40fcu [CL2] | -<.......> ≤ fb ≤ 0.40fcu [CL3] |
FS:| -0.0 ≤ fb ≤ 0.24fcu [CL1] | -0.36√fcu ≤ fb ≤ 0.24fcu [CL2] | -0.45√fcu ≤ fb ≤ 0.24fcu [CL3] |
Note -<.......> = MAX {-0.25fcu, (0.7-1.1).(-0.58√fcu to -0.82√fcu)-4N/mm2/1.0%}.
Note by convention, +ve stress is compressive and –ve stress is tensile (inconsistent with ADAPT-Builder).

PT Design Strip Design Sections FE Analysis Method Integration of Effects Analysis and PT Design
Strip Design Sections Design
FEFA  VSS  FEM  Design the “Design Section(s)”  Investigate (does not add rebar even if required) /
Design (does add rebar if required)  check design strip design sections PT analysis and design in X/Y
directions (ES)  RDS  Design Sections
 Deformation  Z-Translation  check |TLS|=|DL+PT| deflections  {[span/500 to span/350].C1, 20mm}.
 Deformation  Z-Translation  check SLS=DL+SDL+LL+PT deflections  [span/250].C1.
 Deformation  Z-Translation  check kC.(DL+SDL)+LL+kC,PT.PT deflections  {[span/500 to span/350].C1,
20mm}, note the creep term also includes the total elastic axial shortening of the one storey in question.

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FEM Design Verification Checklist for ADAPT-Builder 2016 (Summary)

ITEM CONTENT 
 Deformation  Z-Translation  check kC.(DL+SDL)+LL+kC,PT.PT deflections at façade beams 
{[span/1000].C1, 20mm}, note the creep term also includes the total elastic axial shortening of the one storey
in question.
Note C1 = {0.8 for flanged beams, 10.0/span(m) for spans > 10.0m, 0.9 for flat slabs}. Note deflection criteria to
cl.3.4.6.3 and cl.3.4.6.4 BS8110-1 and cl.3.2.1.1 and cl.3.2.1.2 BS8110-2. Note creep factor, kc calculated from
equating 0.5.(1-0.4)DL+1.0SDL=kC.(DL+SDL) based on multiplying factor 0.5 for the total DL creep deflection
component (as opposed to the instantaneous deflection component) to (1-0.4) for the remaining 60%
component of DL creep deflection after 1 month (cl.7.3 BS8110-2), giving kC=[0.3DL+1.0SDL]/[DL+SDL]. Note
likewise creep factor, kc,PT calculated as (1-0.5/KLT.KST).(1-0.4)=0.2625.
 Balanced Loading  check percentage of DL+SDL load balancing is approximately 70-100%.
 Actions  Bending  check TLS/SLS bending effects MTLS/SLS,E/E+MTLS/SLS,E/L are minimal.
 Actions  Bending  check ULS bending effects MULS,E/E+MULS,S/E based on 1.4 x tributary width x (15.0-
25.0kPa) x L2/12 and hyperstatic effects, note w.o./w. the differential elastic axial shortening of adjacent
supports.
Note by convention, +ve bending moment is sagging and –ve bending moment is hogging (consistent with
ADAPT-Builder).
 Actions  Shear  check TLS/SLS shear effects VTLS/SLS,E/E+VTLS/SLS,E/L are minimal.
 Actions  Shear  check ULS shear effects VULS,E/E+VULS,S/E based on 1.4 x tributary width x (15.0-25.0kPa)
x L/2 and hyperstatic effects, note w.o./w. the differential elastic axial shortening of adjacent supports.
Note an arbitrary sign convention adopted for shear force (inconsistent with ADAPT-Builder).
 Stresses  Average (Precompression)  check TLS/SLS average precompression 0.7-2.5N/mm2 for slab
and 2.5-4.5N/mm2 for beam.
 Stresses  Top  check TLS top stress f’min,t ≤ f’t ≤ f’max,t
BM:| -1.0 ≤ f’t ≤ 0.50fci [CL1] | -0.36√fci ≤ f’t ≤ 0.50fci [CL2] | -0.25fci ≤ f’t ≤ 0.50fci [CL3] |
FS:| -1.0 ≤ f’t ≤ 0.24fci [CL1] | -0.36√fci ≤ f’t ≤ 0.24fci [CL2] | -0.45√fci ≤ f’t ≤ 0.24fci [CL3] |
 Stresses  Bottom  check TLS bottom stress f’min,b ≤ f’b ≤ f’max,b
BM:| -1.0 ≤ f’b ≤ 0.50fci [CL1] | -0.36√fci ≤ f’b ≤ 0.50fci [CL2] | -0.25fci ≤ f’b ≤ 0.50fci [CL3] |
FS:| -1.0 ≤ f’b ≤ 0.33fci [CL1] | -0.36√fci ≤ f’b ≤ 0.33fci [CL2] | -0.45√fci ≤ f’b ≤ 0.33fci [CL3] |
 Stresses  Top  check SLS top stress fmin,t ≤ ft ≤ fmax,t
BM:| -0.0 ≤ ft ≤ 0.33fcu [CL1] | -0.36√fcu ≤ ft ≤ 0.33fcu [CL2] | -<.......> ≤ ft ≤ 0.33fcu [CL3] |
FS:| -0.0 ≤ ft ≤ 0.33fcu [CL1] | -0.36√fcu ≤ ft ≤ 0.33fcu [CL2] | -0.45√fcu ≤ ft ≤ 0.33fcu [CL3] |
Note -<.......> = MAX {-0.25fcu, (0.7-1.1).(-0.58√fcu to -0.82√fcu)-4N/mm2/1.0%}.
 Stresses  Bottom  check SLS bottom stress fmin,b ≤ fb ≤ fmax,b
BM:| -0.0 ≤ fb ≤ 0.40fcu [CL1] | -0.36√fcu ≤ fb ≤ 0.40fcu [CL2] | -<.......> ≤ fb ≤ 0.40fcu [CL3] |
FS:| -0.0 ≤ fb ≤ 0.24fcu [CL1] | -0.36√fcu ≤ fb ≤ 0.24fcu [CL2] | -0.45√fcu ≤ fb ≤ 0.24fcu [CL3] |
Note -<.......> = MAX {-0.25fcu, (0.7-1.1).(-0.58√fcu to -0.82√fcu)-4N/mm2/1.0%}.
Note by convention, +ve stress is compressive and –ve stress is tensile (inconsistent with ADAPT-Builder).
 manually check rebar areas (to resist SLS tensile stress) required {As(d)xx, As(d)yy}, noting minimum
steel.
 Investigation  Moment Capacity with Demand  check ULS moment capacity, Mu is greater than ULS
bending effects MULS,E/E+MULS,S/E.
 manually check ULS shear capacity, Vu is greater than ULS shear effects VULS,E/E+VULS,S/E together with the
associated required shear links Asv,req/S.
FEFA  VSS  FEM  Generate Rebar Drawing  check rebar (to resist SLS tensile stress) required in
X/Y directions (ES).

RC or PT Method of Slab Detailing

RC or PT Method of Slab Detailing
Automatic specification of (top and bottom) reinforcement bars based on slab
Method 1:
rebar setting Criteria  General  One-Way or Two-Way Slab  Preferred
Automatic
Reinforcement Size and Material  Preferred Steel Bar Size T16 (T) and T10 (B) and
Specification of
Crack Control Bar Spacing 300mm. Note in this method, only the 1/3rd span hogging
Reinforcement
regions will be automatically reinforced, manual addition required for top steel
Bars
throughout.
Automatic specification of (top) reinforcement mesh / bars based on slab rebar
setting Criteria  General  One-Way or Two-Way Slab  Preferred Reinforcement
Method 2:
Size and Material  Preferred Steel Bar Size T16 (T) and T10 (B) and Crack Control
Semi-Automatic
Bar Spacing 300mm and subsequent manual equivalent mesh substitution (where
Specification of
possible). Note in this method, only the 1/3rd span hogging regions will be
Reinforcement
automatically reinforced, manual addition required for top steel throughout. Manual
Mesh / Bars
specification of (bottom) reinforcement mesh / bars based on FEFA rebar areas
required {As(d)xx, As(d)yy} for slab panels (Method 3).
Method 3: Manual specification of (top) reinforcement mesh / bars based on FEFA rebar

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FEM Design Verification Checklist for ADAPT-Builder 2016 (Summary)

ITEM CONTENT 
Manual areas required {As(d)xx, As(d)yy} for slab panels. Note in this method, since it is a
Specification of manual method, either only the 1/3rd span hogging regions may be reinforced or
Reinforcement alternatively top steel may be provided throughout. Manual specification of
Mesh / Bars (bottom) reinforcement mesh / bars based on FEFA rebar areas required {As(d)xx,
As(d)yy} for slab panels.

RC or PT Analysis and Design Summary Report

VSS  RPT-T  Design Section Data  Design Section Forces Tabular Report  check design strip design
sections forces (ES).
VSS  RPT-T  Design Section Data  Design Section Rebar Tabular Report  check design strip design
sections rebar (ES).
VSS  RPT-T  Design Section Data  Design Section Moment Capacities  check design strip design sections
moment capacities (ES).
VSS  RPT-T  Design Section Data  Design Section Dimension  check design strip design sections
dimensions (ES).
VSS  RPT-T  Design Section Data  Design Section Geometry  check design strip design sections
geometry (ES).
VSS  RPT-G  Tendon/Rebar Plan  check tendon and rebar plans (ES).
7.36 Manually check ULS shear stresses and shear design at beam/wall supports of heavily loaded slabs (ES).
7.37 VSS  FEM  Punching Shear Check  check ULS punching shear at wall/column supports of flat slabs (ES).
VSS  RPT-T  Punching Shear Design  Punching Shear Stress Check Result  check punching shear stress
results (ES).
VSS  RPT-T  Punching Shear Design  Punching Shear Stress Check Parameters  check punching shear
stress parameters (ES).
VSS  RPT-T  Punching Shear Design  Punching Shear Reinforcement  check punching shear
reinforcement (ES).
8.0 BEAM AND WALL/COLUMN ANALYSIS AND DESIGN CHECKS
8.1 Building Analysis Method
8.11 BA  VSS  RDS  Vibration check skeletal FE model correctly discretises the sectional model by checking
animated deflections for modelling accuracy ensuring that all primary beams do frame onto their supporting
columns (also displaying the primary beam ULS bending moments for clarity by selecting BA  VSS  RDS 
Beam  Actions (Diagram)  Moment About zz) (ES).
8.13 BA  VSS  RDS  Beam  Actions (Diagram)  check magnitude and shape of ULS effects (axial forces,
shear forces, bending moments, torsional moments) (ES).
8.14 BA  VFS  RDS  Wall/Column  Actions (Diagram)  perform the Moment Ratio Check to comprehend
the building primary lateral stability elements by both: -
(i) comparing the relative magnitude of the coupled shear wall / moment frame / outrigger frame / tube
(shear mode) equivalent global bending moment (back-calculated by multiplying the push-pull axial
forces of the walls/columns at the frame extremity with the frame extremity lever arm, noting that the
effectiveness of the coupling beams / moment beams / outrigger beams / (framed) tube web spandrel
beams in contributing to the base moment resisting lateral stability is measured from the existence of
significant push-pull axial forces in the walls/columns at the frame extremity, from the existence of
significant local zig-zag bending moments in the walls/columns (except outrigger columns and tube flange
columns) or from the existence of significant zig-zag bending moments in the coupling beams / moment
beams / outrigger beams / (framed) tube web spandrel beams themselves) with the magnitude of the
shear wall (bending mode) cumulative bending moment (exhibited as cumulative bending moments
in the shear walls or as push-pull axial forces within the flanges of flanged shear walls) from lateral loads
only (noting that the summation of which shall match the stability base moment) (ES), and
(ii) comparing the relative magnitude of the summation of the coupled shear wall / moment frame /
outrigger frame (except outrigger columns) / (framed) tube (except tube flange columns) wall/column
(shear mode) shear forces (which cause the local zig-zag bending moments in the walls/columns,
noting that the effectiveness of the coupling beams / moment beams / outrigger beams / (framed) tube
web spandrel beams in contributing to the base shear resisting lateral stability is measured from the
existence of significant shear forces in the walls/columns (except outrigger columns and tube flange
columns) or from the existence of significant shear forces in the coupling beams / moment beams /
outrigger beams / (framed) tube web spandrel beams themselves) with the magnitude of the shear wall
(bending mode) cumulative shear force from lateral loads only (noting that the summation of which
shall match the stability base shear) (ES).
Note that the effect to the stability base moment and stability base shear of a transfer floor (defined as
a horizontal level at which the more extensive vertical elements on plan become discontinuous on elevation
ensuing in less extensive vertical elements on plan) is firstly, the resolution of the stability base moment at the
transfer level to constant push-pull axial forces in the walls/columns at the transfer frame extremity (somewhat
akin to the effect of an outrigger) below the transfer level and secondly, the redistribution of stability base
shear to different stability elements.

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FEM Design Verification Checklist for ADAPT-Builder 2016 (Summary)

ITEM CONTENT 

= +

Stability Base Stability Base

Moment (MNm) Shear (MN)
8.15 BA  VSS  RDS  Wall/Column  Deformation  Z-Translation  and FEFA  VSS  RDS  Wall/Column
 Deformation  Z-Translation  check differential beam support SLS settlement (i.e. SLS settlement at
the wall/column points) due to DEAS of adjacent walls/columns (as a result of non-uniform column sections areas
or non-uniform axial loading due to say differing building heights) and/or due to uneven flexibility of transfer
beams below  span/400 (ES). Note that significant differential beam support (i.e. wall/column point) settlement
is also characterised by a significant lateral deflection (sway) of the building due to DL+SDL+LL+PT alone to the
side undergoing greater elastic shortening or to the side supported by walls/columns on more flexible transfer
beams (thus check for lateral movement of the floor plate on plan due to DL+SDL+LL+PT alone is ≤ span/500).
Finally, significant differential beam support (i.e. wall/column point) settlement is also characterised by large
discrepancies in the load take down, transfer beam bending moments and the higher levels beam
bending moments predicted between the BA and LTD2 methods of frame analysis. Since it is difficult to reduce
elastic shortening significantly, a better strategy is to limit the DEAS by designing all walls/columns to the same
axial stress level, maintain long clear spans between different structural types, i.e. between lightly-loaded cores
and shear walls on the one hand and heavily loaded columns on the other or introduce settlement joints / pour
strips between areas subject to large DEAS (ES).
8.16 Manually check that the bending moment design, ultimate shear force (ultimate shear stress) check and shear
force design of beams with incoming offset beams (i.e. secondary beams that frame into the beam in question
within the footprint of the wall/column) with a physical width that protrudes beyond the wall/column footprint is
sufficiently enhanced (ES).
8.17 Manually check beams (especially heavily loaded beams / transfer beams) with widths larger than the supporting
wall/column width for ultimate shear and design shear within a beam width equal to the supporting wall/column
width, notwithstanding the reverse analogy to multi column footing foundation shear design where the full width
of the footing beam contributes to the ultimate and design shear capacity. These beams need also be manually
checked for ULS punching shear (ES).
8.18 Manually check ULS shear stresses and shear design at transferred walls on transfer beams.
8.19 Manually check ULS punching shear at transferred walls/columns on transfer beams.
8.2 Load Take Down Method
8.21 VSS  Select by Type  select Beam  Modify Item Properties  check (transfer) Beam Tab uncracked
stiffnesses (M11, M22, M33) to (2/3rd).(1.00)0.66 and VSS  Select by Type  select Slab Region  Modify
Item Properties  check (transfer) Slab Region Tab uncracked stiffnesses (M11, M22) to (2/3 rd).(1.00)0.66,
note the further 2/3rd reduction factor applied to simulate the additional deflection due to creep to storage
loading instead of normal loading (i.e. creep coefficient, =2 for storage loading instead of =1 for normal
loading).
VSS  Select by Type  select Beam  Modify Item Properties  check (transfer) Beam Tab cracked
stiffnesses (M11, M22, M33) to (2/3rd).(0.50)0.32 and VSS  Select by Type  select Slab Region  Modify
Item Properties  check (transfer) Slab Region Tab cracked stiffnesses (M11, M22) to (2/3rd).(0.50)0.32, note
the further 2/3rd reduction factor applied to simulate the additional deflection due to creep to storage loading
instead of normal loading (i.e. creep coefficient, =2 for storage loading instead of =1 for normal loading).
LTD2  select Uncracked Stiffness Modifier for Class 1 PT or Class 2 PT and Cracked Stiffness Modifier for RC or
Class 3 PT.
8.22 PT Tendon Modelling
Build  Tendon  Create Tendon / Map Tendon Banded / Map Tendon Distributed  check tendons based on
prestress force and eccentricity required for load balancing and prestress force for average precompression.

RC or PT Deflection Checks
LTD2  VSS  RDS  Slab  Deformation  Z-Translation  check |TLS|=|DL+PT| deflections  {[span/500
to span/350].C1, 20mm}.
LTD2  VSS  RDS  Slab  Deformation  Z-Translation  check SLS=DL+SDL+LL+PT deflections 
[span/250].C1.
LTD2  VSS  RDS  Slab  Deformation  Z-Translation  check kC.(DL+SDL)+LL+kC,PT.PT deflections 
{[span/500 to span/350].C1, 20mm}, note the creep term also includes the total elastic axial shortening of the
one storey in question.
LTD2  VSS  RDS  Slab  Deformation  Z-Translation  check kC.(DL+SDL)+LL+kC,PT.PT deflections at

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FEM Design Verification Checklist for ADAPT-Builder 2016 (Summary)

ITEM CONTENT 
façade beams  {[span/1000].C1, 20mm}, note the creep term also includes the total elastic axial shortening of
the one storey in question.
Note deflections above refer to deflections of all transfer slabs and slabs in the vicinity of transfer beams.
Note C1 = {0.8 for flanged beams, 10.0/span(m) for spans > 10.0m, 0.9 for flat slabs}. Note deflection criteria to
cl.3.4.6.3 and cl.3.4.6.4 BS8110-1 and cl.3.2.1.1 and cl.3.2.1.2 BS8110-2. Note creep factor, kc calculated from
equating (1-0.32).(1-0.4)DL+1.0SDL=kC.(DL+SDL) based on multiplying factor (1-0.32) for the total DL creep
deflection component (as opposed to the instantaneous deflection component) to (1-0.4) for the remaining 60%
component of DL creep deflection after 1 month (cl.7.3 BS8110-2), giving kC=[0.4DL+1.0SDL]/[DL+SDL]. Note
likewise creep factor, kc,PT calculated as (1-0.32/KLT.KST).(1-0.4)=0.375.
LPB LPB

LS : slab deflection check

LS LS
LSB : secondary beam
deflection check
LSB LSB
LFR LPB : primary beam deflection
LFR check

LFR : frame (column to

column) deflection check

In RC models, note if necessary, the simulation of the beneficial effect of additional reinforcement in controlling
deflections can be made by factoring down the exhibited deflections by the ratio of the modified span / effective
depth to the ratio of the basic span / effective depth (cantilever 7.0, simply supported 20.0, continuous 26.0).
8.23 Note here that in the following subsection, slab refers to transfer slab and slabs in the vicinity of transfer beams
and beam refers to transfer beam.

PT Tendon Modelling
Build  Tendon  Create Tendon / Map Tendon Banded / Map Tendon Distributed  check tendons based on
prestress force and eccentricity required for load balancing and prestress force for average precompression.

RC or PT Design Strip Support Lines, RC or PT Design Strip Tributaries and RC or PT Design Strip
Design Sections Frequency
VSS  Strips  Create Support Lines  check design strip support lines in X/Y directions.
VSS  select Support Lines  Modify Item Properties  check Support Line Tab direction, criteria, rebar layer,
maximum number of design sections per span to 10, distance of design section from face of column to 50mm,
selecting display design sections and display results.
VSS  Strips  Create Splitters  check design strip support lines splitters spanning between defined support
lines for voids (e.g. lift and staircase).
VSS  RPT-G  Design Plans  Support Lines X/Y-Directions  check design strip support lines in X/Y
directions.
VSS  Strips / FEM  Generate Design Sections Automatically  Regenerate Tributaries  check design strip
tributaries in X/Y directions and design strip design sections frequency for RC (column and middle design strip)
or PT (full tributary width design strip).
VSS  RPT-G  Design Plans  Design Strips X/Y-Directions  check design strip tributaries in X/Y directions.

FE Analysis Method RC Analysis and Design

LTD2  VSS  check RC analysis and design in X/Y directions  RDS  Slab
 Actions (Contour Map)  |Mxx|+|Mxy| and |Myy|+|Mxy|  check ULS bending effects MULS,E/E, note w.o./w.
the differential elastic axial shortening of adjacent supports.
 manually check ULS shear effects VULS,E/E, note w.o./w. the differential elastic axial shortening of adjacent
supports.

RC Design Strip Design Sections FE Analysis Method Integration of Effects Analysis and RC Design
Strip Design Sections Design
LTD2  VSS  FEM  Design the “Design Section(s)”  Investigate (does not add rebar even if required) /
Design (does add rebar if required)  check design strip design sections RC analysis and design in X/Y
directions  RDS  Design Sections
 Actions  Bending  check ULS bending effects MULS,E/E based on 1.4 x tributary width x (15.0-25.0kPa) x
L2/12, note w.o./w. the differential elastic axial shortening of adjacent supports.
 Actions  Shear  check ULS shear effects VULS,E/E based on 1.4 x tributary width x (15.0-25.0kPa) x L/2,
note w.o./w. the differential elastic axial shortening of adjacent supports.

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FEM Design Verification Checklist for ADAPT-Builder 2016 (Summary)

ITEM CONTENT 
 manually check rebar areas (to resist ULS bending) required {As(d)xx, As(d)yy}, noting minimum steel.
 manually check ULS shear capacity, Vu is greater than ULS shear effects VULS,E/E together with the
associated required shear links Asv,req/S.
LTD2  VSS  FEM  Generate Rebar Drawing  check rebar (to resist ULS bending) required in X/Y
directions.

FE Analysis Method PT Analysis and Design

LTD2  VSS  check PT analysis and design in X/Y directions  RDS  Slab
 Actions (Contour Map)  |Mxx|+|Mxy| and |Myy|+|Mxy|  check TLS/SLS bending effects
MTLS/SLS,E/E+MTLS/SLS,E/L are minimal.
 Actions (Contour Map)  |Mxx|+|Mxy| and |Myy|+|Mxy|  check ULS bending effects MULS,E/E+MULS,S/E, note
w.o./w. the differential elastic axial shortening of adjacent supports.
Note by convention, +ve bending moment is sagging and –ve bending moment is hogging (consistent with
ADAPT-Builder).
 Stress (Contour Map)  Mid-Depth Along XX/YY  check TLS/SLS average precompression 0.7-
2.5N/mm2 for slab and 2.5-4.5N/mm2 for beam.
 Stress (Contour Map)  Top Fibre Along XX/YY  check TLS top stress f’min,t ≤ f’t ≤ f’max,t
BM:| -1.0 ≤ f’t ≤ 0.50fci [CL1] | -0.36√fci ≤ f’t ≤ 0.50fci [CL2] | -0.25fci ≤ f’t ≤ 0.50fci [CL3] |
FS:| -1.0 ≤ f’t ≤ 0.24fci [CL1] | -0.36√fci ≤ f’t ≤ 0.24fci [CL2] | -0.45√fci ≤ f’t ≤ 0.24fci [CL3] |
 Stress (Contour Map)  Bottom Fibre Along XX/YY  check TLS bottom stress f’min,b ≤ f’b ≤ f’max,b
BM:| -1.0 ≤ f’b ≤ 0.50fci [CL1] | -0.36√fci ≤ f’b ≤ 0.50fci [CL2] | -0.25fci ≤ f’b ≤ 0.50fci [CL3] |
FS:| -1.0 ≤ f’b ≤ 0.33fci [CL1] | -0.36√fci ≤ f’b ≤ 0.33fci [CL2] | -0.45√fci ≤ f’b ≤ 0.33fci [CL3] |
 Stress (Contour Map)  Top Fibre Along XX/YY  check SLS top stress fmin,t ≤ ft ≤ fmax,t
BM:| -0.0 ≤ ft ≤ 0.33fcu [CL1] | -0.36√fcu ≤ ft ≤ 0.33fcu [CL2] | -<.......> ≤ ft ≤ 0.33fcu [CL3] |
FS:| -0.0 ≤ ft ≤ 0.33fcu [CL1] | -0.36√fcu ≤ ft ≤ 0.33fcu [CL2] | -0.45√fcu ≤ ft ≤ 0.33fcu [CL3] |
Note -<.......> = MAX {-0.25fcu, (0.7-1.1).(-0.58√fcu to -0.82√fcu)-4N/mm2/1.0%}.
 Stress (Contour Map)  Bottom Fibre Along XX/YY  check SLS bottom stress fmin,b ≤ fb ≤ fmax,b
BM:| -0.0 ≤ fb ≤ 0.40fcu [CL1] | -0.36√fcu ≤ fb ≤ 0.40fcu [CL2] | -<.......> ≤ fb ≤ 0.40fcu [CL3] |
FS:| -0.0 ≤ fb ≤ 0.24fcu [CL1] | -0.36√fcu ≤ fb ≤ 0.24fcu [CL2] | -0.45√fcu ≤ fb ≤ 0.24fcu [CL3] |
Note -<.......> = MAX {-0.25fcu, (0.7-1.1).(-0.58√fcu to -0.82√fcu)-4N/mm2/1.0%}.
Note by convention, +ve stress is compressive and –ve stress is tensile (inconsistent with ADAPT-Builder).

PT Design Strip Design Sections FE Analysis Method Integration of Effects Analysis and PT Design
Strip Design Sections Design
LTD2  VSS  FEM  Design the “Design Section(s)”  Investigate (does not add rebar even if required) /
Design (does add rebar if required)  check design strip design sections PT analysis and design in X/Y
directions  RDS  Design Sections
 Deformation  Z-Translation  check |TLS|=|DL+PT| deflections  {[span/500 to span/350].C1, 20mm}.
 Deformation  Z-Translation  check SLS=DL+SDL+LL+PT deflections  [span/250].C1.
 Deformation  Z-Translation  check kC.(DL+SDL)+LL+kC,PT.PT deflections  {[span/500 to span/350].C1,
20mm}, note the creep term also includes the total elastic axial shortening of the one storey in question.
 Deformation  Z-Translation  check kC.(DL+SDL)+LL+kC,PT.PT deflections at façade beams 
{[span/1000].C1, 20mm}, note the creep term also includes the total elastic axial shortening of the one storey
in question.
Note C1 = {0.8 for flanged beams, 10.0/span(m) for spans > 10.0m, 0.9 for flat slabs}. Note deflection criteria to
cl.3.4.6.3 and cl.3.4.6.4 BS8110-1 and cl.3.2.1.1 and cl.3.2.1.2 BS8110-2. Note creep factor, kc calculated from
equating 0.5.(1-0.4)DL+1.0SDL=kC.(DL+SDL) based on multiplying factor 0.5 for the total DL creep deflection
component (as opposed to the instantaneous deflection component) to (1-0.4) for the remaining 60%
component of DL creep deflection after 1 month (cl.7.3 BS8110-2), giving kC=[0.3DL+1.0SDL]/[DL+SDL]. Note
likewise creep factor, kc,PT calculated as (1-0.32/KLT.KST).(1-0.4)=0.375.
 Balanced Loading  check percentage of DL+SDL load balancing is approximately 70-100%.
 Actions  Bending  check TLS/SLS bending effects MTLS/SLS,E/E+MTLS/SLS,E/L are minimal.
 Actions  Bending  check ULS bending effects MULS,E/E+MULS,S/E based on 1.4 x tributary width x (15.0-
25.0kPa) x L2/12 and hyperstatic effects, note w.o./w. the differential elastic axial shortening of adjacent
supports.
Note by convention, +ve bending moment is sagging and –ve bending moment is hogging (consistent with
ProtaStructure).
 Actions  Shear  check TLS/SLS shear effects VTLS/SLS,E/E+VTLS/SLS,E/L are minimal.
 Actions  Shear  check ULS shear effects VULS,E/E+VULS,S/E based on 1.4 x tributary width x (15.0-25.0kPa)
x L/2 and hyperstatic effects, note w.o./w. the differential elastic axial shortening of adjacent supports.
Note an arbitrary sign convention adopted for shear force (inconsistent with ADAPT-Builder).
 Stresses  Average (Precompression)  check TLS/SLS average precompression 0.7-2.5N/mm2 for slab
and 2.5-4.5N/mm2 for beam.
 Stresses  Top  check TLS top stress f’min,t ≤ f’t ≤ f’max,t

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FEM Design Verification Checklist for ADAPT-Builder 2016 (Summary)

ITEM CONTENT 
BM:| -1.0 ≤ f’t ≤ 0.50fci [CL1] | -0.36√fci ≤ f’t ≤ 0.50fci [CL2] | -0.25fci ≤ f’t ≤ 0.50fci [CL3] |
FS:| -1.0 ≤ f’t ≤ 0.24fci [CL1] | -0.36√fci ≤ f’t ≤ 0.24fci [CL2] | -0.45√fci ≤ f’t ≤ 0.24fci [CL3] |
 Stresses  Bottom  check TLS bottom stress f’min,b ≤ f’b ≤ f’max,b
BM:| -1.0 ≤ f’b ≤ 0.50fci [CL1] | -0.36√fci ≤ f’b ≤ 0.50fci [CL2] | -0.25fci ≤ f’b ≤ 0.50fci [CL3] |
FS:| -1.0 ≤ f’b ≤ 0.33fci [CL1] | -0.36√fci ≤ f’b ≤ 0.33fci [CL2] | -0.45√fci ≤ f’b ≤ 0.33fci [CL3] |
 Stresses  Top  check SLS top stress fmin,t ≤ ft ≤ fmax,t
BM:| -0.0 ≤ ft ≤ 0.33fcu [CL1] | -0.36√fcu ≤ ft ≤ 0.33fcu [CL2] | -<.......> ≤ ft ≤ 0.33fcu [CL3] |
FS:| -0.0 ≤ ft ≤ 0.33fcu [CL1] | -0.36√fcu ≤ ft ≤ 0.33fcu [CL2] | -0.45√fcu ≤ ft ≤ 0.33fcu [CL3] |
Note -<.......> = MAX {-0.25fcu, (0.7-1.1).(-0.58√fcu to -0.82√fcu)-4N/mm2/1.0%}.
 Stresses  Bottom  check SLS bottom stress fmin,b ≤ fb ≤ fmax,b
BM:| -0.0 ≤ fb ≤ 0.40fcu [CL1] | -0.36√fcu ≤ fb ≤ 0.40fcu [CL2] | -<.......> ≤ fb ≤ 0.40fcu [CL3] |
FS:| -0.0 ≤ fb ≤ 0.24fcu [CL1] | -0.36√fcu ≤ fb ≤ 0.24fcu [CL2] | -0.45√fcu ≤ fb ≤ 0.24fcu [CL3] |
Note -<.......> = MAX {-0.25fcu, (0.7-1.1).(-0.58√fcu to -0.82√fcu)-4N/mm2/1.0%}.
Note by convention, +ve stress is compressive and –ve stress is tensile (inconsistent with ADAPT-Builder).
 manually check rebar areas (to resist SLS tensile stress) required {As(d)xx, As(d)yy}, noting minimum
steel.
 Investigation  Moment Capacity with Demand  check ULS moment capacity, Mu is greater than ULS
bending effects MULS,E/E+MULS,S/E.
 manually check ULS shear capacity, Vu is greater than ULS shear effects VULS,E/E+VULS,S/E together with the
associated required shear links Asv,req/S.
LTD2  VSS  FEM  Generate Rebar Drawing  check rebar (to resist SLS tensile stress) required in
X/Y directions.
8.24 Note here that in the following subsection, slab refers to transfer slab and slabs in the vicinity of transfer beams
and beam refers to transfer beam.

RC or PT Analysis and Design Summary Report

LTD2  VSS  RPT-T  Design Section Data  Design Section Forces Tabular Report  check design strip
design sections forces.
LTD2  VSS  RPT-T  Design Section Data  Design Section Rebar Tabular Report  check design strip
design sections rebar.
LTD2  VSS  RPT-T  Design Section Data  Design Section Moment Capacities  check design strip design
sections moment capacities.
LTD2  VSS  RPT-T  Design Section Data  Design Section Dimension  check design strip design sections
dimensions.
LTD2  VSS  RPT-T  Design Section Data  Design Section Geometry  check design strip design sections
geometry.
LTD2  VSS  RPT-G  Tendon/Rebar Plan  check tendon and rebar plans.
8.25 Manually check ULS shear stresses and shear design at beam/wall supports of transfer slabs.
8.26 LTD2  VSS  FEM  Punching Shear Check  check ULS punching shear at wall/column supports of
transfer slabs.
LTD2  VSS  RPT-T  Punching Shear Design  Punching Shear Stress Check Result  check punching shear
stress results.
LTD2  VSS  RPT-T  Punching Shear Design  Punching Shear Stress Check Parameters  check punching
shear stress parameters.
LTD2  VSS  RPT-T  Punching Shear Design  Punching Shear Reinforcement  check punching shear
reinforcement.
8.27 Manually check ULS shear stresses and shear design at transferred walls on transfer slabs.
8.28 Manually check ULS punching shear at transferred walls/columns on transfer slabs.
8.3 FE Model Ill-Conditioning
8.31 Building Analysis Method
BA  Reports  Export Tributary Loads Check  check consistency between the applied un-decomposed loads
tables and the reactions presented in the FEM loads tables.
Load Take Down Method
LTD1  Reports  Export Tributary Loads Check  check consistency between the applied un-decomposed
loads tables and the reactions presented in the cumulative loads tables.
8.4 Load Take Down
8.41 BA/LTD1  Reports  Export Tributary Loads Check  check SLS load  15.0-25.0kPa for typical concrete
residential and commercial buildings (ES). Note check load take down calculation for BA / LTD1.
8.42 BA  VFS  RDS  Wall/Column  Actions (Diagram)  filtering out beams to only show walls/columns, check
Axial Force in all walls/columns to visually inspect the sensibility of the load take down, e.g. only compression
loads in walls/column, no zero loads to ensure no erroneous unattached walls/columns and no tension

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FEM Design Verification Checklist for ADAPT-Builder 2016 (Summary)

ITEM CONTENT 
loads to ensure no erroneous hanging walls/columns.
BA  VSS  RPT-G  Wall/Column Reactions  enable display of Axial Force, Moment and Shear for
appropriate Loading Combinations to visually display Bottom loading effects, noting that directions rr and
ss refer to the local axes (i.e. axis direction rr and ss, respectively)  check Axial Force (ensuring no uplift) for
all walls/columns and Axial Force (ensuring no uplift), Moment and Shear for stability walls/columns (ES but
primarily above the transfer floor and foundations). In addition for EQ combination cases, EQ base shear force
for foundations to be calculated with the lateral and vertical EQ loads in the EQ combination cases enhanced by
the overstrength and multiplicative factors, Rd. as per cl.4.4.2.6 BS EN1998-1. Note perform load take down
calculation and likewise foundation SLS load combinations reporting for BA only.
LTD1  VSS  RDS  Load Takedown  Cumulative Loads to visually display Bottom loading effects 
check axial force (moment and shear N/A) for all walls/columns. Note perform load take down calculation and
likewise foundation SLS load combinations reporting for LTD1 only.
8.5 Sway Susceptibility (NHF, Wind, EQ)
8.51 Check Sway Classification Report Q ≤ 0.05 for   20 for BA / LTD2, else amplify lateral loads (wind, EQ) with
the amplified sway factor, m = /(1) to a maximum of m = 1.33 corresponding to Q ≤ 0.25 and   4.0 as the
limit of linearity of the static analysis (cl.R6.2.6 ACI 318-14).
 ULS sway susceptibility to NHF / wind load combinations should be analysed with modified default stiffness
parameters {Class 1 PT or Class 2 PT slab/beam: kE=2.0, kI=0.7, kJ=0.7; RC or Class 3 PT slab/beam:
kE=2.0, kI=0.35, kJ=0.35; wall/column: kE=2.0, kI=0.7, kJ=0.7} and other lateral load combinations (EQ)
deleted.
 ULS sway susceptibility to EQ load combinations should be analysed with modified default stiffness
parameters {Class 1 PT or Class 2 PT slab/beam: kE=2.0, kI=0.7, kJ=0.7; RC or Class 3 PT slab/beam:
kE=2.0, kI=0.35, kJ=0.35; wall/column: kE=2.0, kI=0.35, kJ=0.35} and other lateral load combinations (NHF,
wind) deleted. Further, the lateral EQ displacements from the SLS EQ load combinations are to be enhanced
by the adopted behaviour factor, q as per cl.4.3.4 BS EN1998-1.
8.6 Lateral Deflections / Torsional Twist
8.61 BA  VSS  RDS  Wall/Column  Deformation  rr/ss-Translation  optionally check total building lateral
deflections to NHF, total ≤ Htotal/500 and relative storey drift, storey,I ≤ hstorey,I/500 (ES). NHF load combinations
should be analysed with modified default stiffness parameters {Class 1 PT or Class 2 PT slab/beam: kE=2.0,
kI=1.0, kJ=1.0; RC or Class 3 PT slab/beam: kE=2.0, kI=0.5, kJ=0.5; wall/column: kE=2.0, kI=1.0, kJ=1.0}, NHF
load factors reset to 1.0, other lateral load combinations (wind, EQ) deleted and as a last resort adopting flanged
beam sections in lieu of rectangular beam sections.
8.62 BA  VSS  RDS  Wall/Column  Deformation  rr/ss-Translation  optionally check on-plan torsional
twist due to NHF indicating if the offset between the centre of gravity / mass and centre of stiffness is ≤
span/500 (ES). NHF load combinations should be analysed with modified default stiffness parameters {Class 1 PT
or Class 2 PT slab/beam: kE=2.0, kI=1.0, kJ=1.0; RC or Class 3 PT slab/beam: kE=2.0, kI=0.5, kJ=0.5;
wall/column: kE=2.0, kI=1.0, kJ=1.0}, NHF load factors reset to 1.0, other lateral load combinations (wind, EQ)
deleted and as a last resort adopting flanged beam sections in lieu of rectangular beam sections.
8.63 BA  VSS  RDS  Wall/Column  Deformation  rr/ss-Translation  check total building lateral deflections
to wind, total ≤ Htotal/500 and relative storey drift, storey,I ≤ hstorey,I/500 (ES) to cl.3.2.2.2 BS8110-2. SLS wind
load combinations should be analysed with modified default stiffness parameters {Class 1 PT or Class 2 PT
slab/beam: kE=2.0, kI=1.0, kJ=1.0; RC or Class 3 PT slab/beam: kE=2.0, kI=0.5, kJ=0.5; wall/column: kE=2.0,
kI=1.0, kJ=1.0}, wind load factors reset to 1.0, other lateral load combinations (NHF, EQ) deleted and as a last
resort adopting flanged beam sections in lieu of rectangular beam sections.
8.64 BA  VSS  RDS  Wall/Column  Deformation  rr/ss-Translation  check on-plan torsional twist due to
wind indicating if the offset between the centre of elevation and centre of stiffness is ≤ span/500 (ES). SLS wind
load combinations should be analysed with modified default stiffness parameters {Class 1 PT or Class 2 PT
slab/beam: kE=2.0, kI=1.0, kJ=1.0; RC or Class 3 PT slab/beam: kE=2.0, kI=0.5, kJ=0.5; wall/column: kE=2.0,
kI=1.0, kJ=1.0}, wind load factors reset to 1.0, other lateral load combinations (NHF, EQ) deleted and as a last
resort adopting flanged beam sections in lieu of rectangular beam sections.
8.7 Beam Design
8.76 In RC and PT models, manually perform ULS longitudinal shear check within web and between web and
flanges for heavily loaded transfer beams if ULS shear stresses are greater than those stipulated on T.5.5
BS8110-1 for BA / LTD2. Manually perform deep beam design for the transfer beam should the span to depth
ratio be ≤ 2.0 simply-supported or 2.5 continuous (CIRIA Guide 2). Manually perform strut and tie truss analogy
design for the transferred wall (acting as the diagonal compression element) and transfer beam (acting as the
tension element).
8.77 In RC models, manually check compliance to the deflection criteria for non-prismatic beams by recalculating the
actual span / depth ratio based on the total beam span instead of the segmented beam span for BA / LTD2
(ES).
8.78 Building RC and PT beam final comprehensive design check (ES) #A
8.781 BA  check design  % steel << 4%    3 << 5N/mm2 

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ITEM CONTENT 
2
8.782 LTD2  check design  % steel << 4%    3 << 5N/mm 
#A Note for models with EQ loads, ULS EQ load combinations should be analysed on models with the following modified
default stiffness parameters {Class 1 PT or Class 2 PT slab/beam: kE=1.0, kI=1.0, kJ=1.0; RC or Class 3 PT slab/beam: kE=1.0,
kI=0.5, kJ=0.5; wall/column: kE=1.0, kI=0.5, kJ=0.5}.
8.79 Manual modification of RC and PT beam detailing as follows: -
(a) incorporation of outer perimeter torsion links at heavily loaded transfer beam sections.
(b) elongation of rebar and links for the portions of transfer beam beneath transferred walls.
(c) inclusion of additional shear links / hooks for very wide beams to satisfy the 150mm maximum spacing
requirement of cl.3.12.7.2 BS8110-1 (ES).
(d) appropriate enhancement to non-prismatic beams (ES).
(e) search for single rebar specification, e.g. 1T12, 1T16, 1T20, 1T25, 1T32 or 1T40 within the beam dxfs (ES).
(f) for models with EQ loads stabilised by moment frames, enhancement to the primary seismic beam
maximum link spacing, s should be provided based on cl.5.4.3.1.2 BS EN1998-1 (DCM) which states s =
min {beam depth / 4; 24 x link diameter; 225mm; 8 x longitudinal bar diameter} and cl.5.5.3.1.3 BS
EN1998-1 (DCH) which states s = min {beam depth / 4; 24 x link diameter; 175mm; 6 x longitudinal bar
diameter} (ES).
8.8 Wall/Column Design
8.87 Check wall/column detailed design report  search for {< 15.0 or > 15.0} for walls/columns that are to be
correctly defined as braced and {< 10.0 or > 10.0} for walls/columns that are to be correctly defined as
unbraced (ES).
#B, #C
8.88 Building wall/column final comprehensive design check (ES)
#A
8.881 BA  BS8110-1 theory  check design  % steel << 2%/5%    3 << 5N/mm2 
#A
8.882 BA  biaxial bending theory  check design  % steel << 2%/5%    3 << 5N/mm2 
#A
8.883 LTD2  BS8110-1 theory  check design  % steel << 2%/5%    3 << 5N/mm2 
#A
8.884 LTD2  biaxial bending theory  check design  % steel << 2%/5%    3 << 5N/mm2 
#A Note for models with EQ loads stabilised by moment frames, the maximum primary seismic column % steel is 4%, not 5%.
#B Note for models with EQ loads, ULS EQ load combinations should be analysed on models with the following modified
default stiffness parameters {Class 1 PT or Class 2 PT slab/beam: kE=1.0, kI=1.0, kJ=1.0; RC or Class 3 PT slab/beam: kE=1.0,
kI=0.5, kJ=0.5; wall/column: kE=1.0, kI=0.5, kJ=0.5}.
#C Note enhance walls/columns as appropriate for accidental loads (e.g. car park vehicular impact loads) and as
disproportionate collapse key elements.
Note that the design of walls/columns to resist the cumulative moment and shear for LTD 2 N/A.
8.89 Manual modification of wall/column detailing as follows: -
(a) manual addition of nominal through-thickness links in column-like vertical elements detailed as walls (ES).
(b) for models with EQ loads stabilised by moment frames, enhancement to the primary seismic column
maximum link spacing, s should be provided based on cl.5.4.3.2.2 BS EN1998-1 (DCM) which states s =
min {(minimum column dimension excluding cover and half link diameter) / 2; 175mm; 8 x longitudinal bar
diameter} and cl.5.5.3.2.2 BS EN1998-1 (DCH) which states s = min {(minimum column dimension
excluding cover and half link diameter) / 3; 125mm; 6 x longitudinal bar diameter} (ES).
9.0 FOUNDATION CHECKS
9.1 General
9.11 Check Allowable Soil Stress Ultimate Strength Factor = (1.4DL+1.4SDL+1.6LL)/(DL+SDL+LL), 1.4 being
conservative.
9.2 Pad Footing
9.3 Strip Footing
9.4 Raft / Piled Raft Footing
9.5 Pile Footing
10.0 QUANTITY CHECKS
10.1 General
10.11 VFS  RPT-T  Quantity and Cost  check estimate of the concrete volume (m3).
Check estimate of the formwork area (m2).
VFS  RPT-T  Quantity and Cost  check estimate of the steel / tendon quantity (kg).
10.12 In RC or PT models, check concrete quantity to typical concrete equivalent floor thicknesses (m 3/103m2)  250-
500.
In RC or PT models, check formwork quantity to typical formwork rates (m2/m2)  1.5-2.5.
In RC models, check rebar quantity to typical rebar tonnages (kg/m3)  one-way or two-way slabs 75-100, flat
slabs 125-175, transfer slabs 150-350, beams 125-250, transfer beams 150-350, walls 100, columns 150-300,
pile caps 150-200.
In PT models, check tendon quantity to typical tendon tonnages (kg/m3)  slabs 20-25, transfer slabs 20-25,
beams 40-50. In PT models, check rebar quantity to typical rebar tonnages (kg/m3)  slabs 20-35, transfer slabs
40-70, beams 40-70.

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Appendix A: PT Permissible Stress

Permissible Stress [N/mm2] [BS8110, TR.43]

Serviceability Class 2
Serviceability Class 1 Serviceability Class 3
Flexural Tensile Stresses,
No Flexural Tensile Flexural Tensile Stresses,
Uncracked
Stresses Cracked
(No Visible Cracking)
Top Bottom Top Bottom Top Bottom
TLS 0.50 fci #A1
0.50 fci #A1
0.50 fci #A1
0.50 fci #A1
0.50 fci #A1
0.50 fci #A1
comp
f’max,t/b 0.24 fci #A2 0.33 fci #A2
0.24 fci #A2 0.33 fci #A2
0.24 fci #A2 0.33 fci #A2

TLS -0.25 fci #B1 -0.25 fci #B1

#B #B #B #B
tensile -1.0 -1.0 -0.36 fci -0.36 fci
f’min,t/b -0.45 fci #B2 -0.45 fci #B2
SLS 0.33 fcu #C1
0.40 fcu #C1 0.33 fcu #C1
0.40 fcu #C1 0.33 fcu #C1
0.40 fcu #C1
comp #C2
fmax,t/b 0.33 fcu 0.24 fcu #C2 0.33 fcu #C2
0.24 fcu #C2 0.33 fcu #C2
0.24 fcu #C2
SLS -<.......> #D1 -<.......> #D1
#D #D #D #D
tensile -0.0 -0.0 -0.36 fcu -0.36 fcu
fmin,t/b -0.45 fcu #D2 -0.45 fcu #D2
#A1: Note beam, one-way slab or two-way slab option to cl.4.3.5.1 BS8110.
#A2: Note flat slab option to T.2 TR.43 and cl.6.10.2 TR.43.
#B: Note beam, one-way slab, two-way slab or flat slab option to cl.4.3.5.2 BS8110.
#B1: Note beam, one-way slab or two-way slab option to cl.4.3.5.2 BS8110.
#B2: Note flat slab option to T.2 TR.43 and cl.6.10.2 TR.43.
#C1: Note beam, one-way slab or two-way slab option to cl.4.3.4.2 BS8110.
#C2: Note flat slab option to T.2 TR.43.
#D: Note beam, one-way slab, two-way slab or flat slab option to cl.4.3.4.3 BS8110.
#D1: Note beam, one-way slab or two-way slab option to cl.4.3.4.3 BS8110. Note -<.......> = MAX {-0.25fcu, (0.7-1.1).(-0.58√fcu to -0.82√fcu)-
4N/mm2/1.0%} as the code allows for an increase in the tensile stress limit from 1% of longitudinal steel (untensioned reinforcement) onwards (-
4N/mm2 for every 1% of longitudinal steel (untensioned reinforcement), increasing proportionally, up to the specified upper limit of -0.25fcu).
#D2: Note flat slab option to T.2 TR.43.

Table 4.2 – Design Hypothetical Flexural Tensile Stresses for Class 3 Members [N/mm2]

Limiting Crack Width Design Stress for Concrete Grade

Group
[mm] 30 40 50

Grouted 0.1 3.2 4.1 4.8

Post-Tensioned Tendons 0.2 3.8 5.0 5.8

Table 4.3 – Depth Factors for Design Tensile Stresses for Class 3 Members

Depth of Member [mm] Factor

≤ 200 1.1
400 1.0
600 0.9
800 0.8
≥ 1000 0.7

Permissible Stress [N/mm2] [ACI318]

Serviceability Class U Serviceability Class T Serviceability Class C
Uncracked Transition Cracked
Top Bottom Top Bottom Top Bottom
TLS
comp 0.60 fci’ #A 0.60 fci’ #A 0.60 fci’ #A 0.60 fci’ #A 0.60 fci’ #A 0.60 fci’ #A
f’max,t/b
TLS -0.30 fci’ #B1 -0.30 fci’ #B1
#B #B #B #B
tensile -0.25 fci’ -0.25 fci’ -0.25 fci’ -0.25 fci’
f’min,t/b -0.50 fci’ #B2 -0.50 fci’ #B2

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SLS
comp 0.60 fc’ #C 0.60 fc’ #C 0.60 fc’ #C 0.60 fc’ #C 0.60 fc’ #C 0.60 fc’ #C
fmax,t/b
SLS -0.62 fc’ #D1
-0.62 fc’ #D1
-1.00 fc’ #D1
-1.00 fc’ #D1
-0.30 fc’ #D1 -0.30 fc’ #D1
tensile
fmin,t/b -0.50 fc’ #D2
-0.50 fc’ #D2
-0.50 fc’ #D2
-0.50 fc’ #D2
-0.50 fc’ #D2 -0.50 fc’ #D2
#A: Note beam, one-way slab, two-way slab or flat slab option to cl.24.5.3.1 ACI318.
#B: Note beam, one-way slab, two-way slab or flat slab option to cl.24.5.3.2 ACI318.
#B1: Note beam, one-way slab or two-way slab option analogous to cl.4.3.5.2 BS8110.
#B2: Note flat slab option to cl.24.5.3.2.1 ACI318.
#C: Note beam, one-way slab, two-way slab or flat slab option to cl.24.5.4.1 ACI318.
#D1: Note beam, one-way slab or two-way slab option to cl.24.5.2.1 ACI318 and analogous to cl.4.3.4.3 BS8110.
#D2: Note flat slab option to cl.24.5.2.1 ACI318.

Permissible Stress [N/mm2] [AS3600]

Serviceability Class U Serviceability Class T Serviceability Class C
Uncracked Transition Cracked
Top Bottom Top Bottom Top Bottom
TLS
comp 0.50 fci’ #A 0.50 fci’ #A 0.50 fci’ #A 0.50 fci’ #A 0.50 fci’ #A 0.50 fci’ #A
f’max,t/b
TLS -0.30 fci’ #B1 -0.30 fci’ #B1
#B #B #B #B
tensile -0.25 fci’ -0.25 fci’ -0.60 fci’ -0.60 fci’
f’min,t/b -0.60 fci’ #B2 -0.60 fci’ #B2
SLS
comp 0.50 fc’ #C 0.50 fc’ #C 0.50 fc’ #C 0.50 fc’ #C 0.50 fc’ #C 0.50 fc’ #C
fmax,t/b
SLS -0.30 fc’ #D1 -0.30 fc’ #D1
#D #D #D #D
tensile -0.25 fc’ -0.25 fc’ -0.60 fc’ -0.60 fc’
fmin,t/b -0.60 fc’ #D2 -0.60 fc’ #D2
#A: Note beam, one-way slab, two-way slab or flat slab option to cl.8.1.6.2 AS3600.
#B: Note beam, one-way slab, two-way slab or flat slab option to cl.8.6.2 and cl.9.4.2 AS3600.
#B1: Note beam, one-way slab or two-way slab option analogous to cl.4.3.5.2 BS8110.
#B2: Note flat slab option to cl.9.4.2 AS3600.
#C: Note beam, one-way slab, two-way slab or flat slab option to cl.8.1.6.2 AS3600.
#D: Note beam, one-way slab, two-way slab or flat slab option to cl.8.6.2 and cl.9.4.2 AS3600.
#D1: Note beam, one-way slab or two-way slab option analogous to cl.4.3.4.3 BS8110.
#D2: Note flat slab option to cl.9.4.2 AS3600 as an alternative to cl.6.9.5.3 AS3600.

Permissible Stress [N/mm2] [EC2 and TR.43-2]

Serviceability Class U Serviceability Class T Serviceability Class C
Uncracked Transition Cracked
Top Bottom Top Bottom Top Bottom
TLS 0.50 fci’ #A1 0.50 fci’ #A1
0.50 fci’ #A1 0.50 fci’ #A1
0.50 fci’ #A1 0.50 fci’ #A1
comp
f’max,t/b 0.30 fci’ #A2 0.40 fci’ #A2
0.30 fci’ #A2 0.40 fci’ #A2
0.30 fci’ #A2 0.40 fci’ #A2

TLS -0.21 fci’2/3 #B1

-0.21 fci’2/3 #B1
-0.21 fci’2/3 #B1
-0.21 fci’2/3 #B1
-0.30 fci’ #B1 -0.30 fci’ #B1
tensile
f’min,t/b -0.09 fci’2/3 #B2
-0.09 fci’2/3 #B2
-0.09 fci’2/3 #B2
-0.09 fci’2/3 #B2
-0.27 fci’2/3 #B2 -0.27 fci’2/3 #B2
SLS 0.60 fc’ #C1 0.60 fc’ #C1
0.60 fc’ #C1 0.60 fc’ #C1
0.60 fc’ #C1 0.60 fc’ #C1
comp
fmax,t/b 0.40 fc’ #C2 0.30 fc’ #C2
0.40 fc’ #C2 0.30 fc’ #C2
0.40 fc’ #C2 0.30 fc’ #C2

SLS -0.21 fc’2/3 #D1

-0.21 fc’2/3 #D1
-0.21 fc’2/3 #D1
-0.21 fc’2/3 #D1
-<.......> #D2 -<.......> #D2
tensile
fmin,t/b -0.09 fc’2/3 #D3
-0.09 fc’2/3 #D3
-0.09 fc’2/3 #D3
-0.09 fc’2/3 #D3
-0.27 fc’2/3 #D3 -0.27 fc’2/3 #D3
#A1: Note beam, one-way slab or two-way slab option to cl.5.8.2 TR.43-2.
#A2: Note flat slab option to T.4 TR.43-2 and cl.5.8.2 TR.43-2.
#B1: Note beam, one-way slab or two-way slab option to cl.8.5.2 TR.43-2 and analogous to cl.4.3.5.2 BS8110.
#B2: Note flat slab option to T.4 TR.43-2 and cl.5.8.2 TR.43-2.
#C1: Note beam, one-way slab or two-way slab option to cl.5.10.2.2 EC2.
#C2: Note flat slab option to T.4 TR.43-2.
#D1: Note beam, one-way slab or two-way slab option analogous to cl.5.8.2 TR.43-2.
#D2: Note beam, one-way slab or two-way slab option to cl.5.8.1 TR.43-2. Note -<.......> = MAX {-0.30fc’, (-0.40fc’2/3 to -0.50fc’2/3)-
4N/mm2/1.0%} as the code allows for an increase in the tensile stress limit from 1% of longitudinal steel (untensioned reinforcement) onwards (-
4N/mm2 for every 1% of longitudinal steel (untensioned reinforcement), increasing proportionally, up to the specified upper limit of -0.30fc’).
#D3: Note flat slab option to T.4 TR.43-2.

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Appendix B: PT Prestress Strand Types

s As Ep fpk Fpk
PT Prestress Strand Types
[mm] [mm2] [GPa] [N/mm2] [kN]
[ASTM A416] Grade 270 s = 12.7mm Strand 12.70 98.71 186.0 1860 183.7
[ASTM A416] Grade 270 s = 15.24mm Strand 15.24 140.00 186.0 1860 260.7
[BS5896] 7-Wire Super s = 12.9mm Strand 12.90 100.00 195.0 1860 186.0
[BS5896] 7-Wire Super s = 15.7mm Strand 15.70 150.00 195.0 1860 279.0

Appendix C: PT Tendon Duct Dimensions

PT Tendon Ducts Horizontal DT,H and Vertical DT,V External Dimensions

Maximum
Number of
Default for 0.5” Default for 0.6”
Prestress Remark
Strands Strands
Strands in Each
Tendon, Ns
DT,H DT,V DT,H DT,V
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm)
3 55 23 55 23 Default refers to flat ducts
5 75 23 90 23 Default refers to flat ducts
7 55 55 70 70 Default refers to round ducts
12 80 80 85 85 Default refers to round ducts
19 95 95 100 100 Default refers to round ducts
27 100 100 115 115 Default refers to round ducts
37 115 115 135 135 Default refers to round ducts
42 125 125 145 145 Default refers to round ducts

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Appendix D: RC or PT Load Combination Cases

Load Load Factor

Description
Combo PT HYP DL SDL LL WLX WLY NHLX NHLY
Ultimate Limit State (ULS)
ULS01 1.4DL+1.4SDL+1.6LL+HYP #A, #B  1.0 1.4 1.4 1.6    
 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.2   1.0 
ULS02 1.2DL+1.2SDL+1.2LL±1.0NHL+HYP #C
 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.2    1.0
 1.0 1.4 1.4  1.4   
ULS03 1.4DL+1.4SDL±1.4WL+HYP
 1.0 1.4 1.4   1.4  
 1.0 1.0 1.0  1.4   
ULS04 1.0DL+1.0SDL±1.4WL+HYP
 1.0 1.0 1.0   1.4  
 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2   
ULS05 1.2DL+1.2SDL+1.2LL±1.2WL+HYP
 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.2  1.2  
Transfer Limit State (TLS)
TLS01 1.0DL+1.15PT #D 1.15  1.0      
Serviceability Limit State (SLS)
SLS01 1.0DL+1.0SDL+1.0LL+PT 1.0  1.0 1.0 1.0    
1.0  1.0 1.0 1.0   1.0 
SLS02 1.0DL+1.0SDL+1.0LL±1.0NHL+PT
1.0  1.0 1.0 1.0    1.0
1.0  1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0   
SLS03 1.0DL+1.0SDL+1.0LL±1.0WL+PT
1.0  1.0 1.0 1.0  1.0  
#A Note that it is ensured that the construction load combination 1.0CL is less onerous than ULS01.
#B Note that pattern loading cases are applied to load combination ULS01.
#C Note that the load combination case 1.4DL+1.4SDL±1.0NHL+HYP not applied since it is deemed to be always less onerous than
1.2DL+1.2SDL+1.2LL±1.0NHL+HYP. This will be the case always as long as [DL+SDL]/[DL+SDL+LL] ≤ 0.85.
#D Note that for transfer storeys, the TLS load combination case only considers the self-weight of the particular storey (and not the self-
weight from any upper storey) in its dead load case, DL.

Load Load Factor

Description
Combo PT HYP DL SDL LL EQX EQY EQZ

Ultimate Limit State (ULS)

 1.0 1.0 1.0 2i 1.0  

EQ 1.0DL+1.0SDL+2iLL1.0EQX+HYP
ULS01 1.0DL+1.0SDL+2iLL1.0EQY+HYP
 1.0 1.0 1.0 2i  1.0 

1.0DL+1.0SDL+2iLL+HYP 2i 1.0 0.3 0.3

 1.0 1.0 1.0
1.0EQX0.3EQY0.3EQZ
EQ 1.0DL+1.0SDL+2iLL+HYP
 1.0 1.0 1.0 2i 0.3 1.0 0.3
ULS02 0.3EQX1.0EQY0.3EQZ
1.0DL+1.0SDL+2iLL+HYP
 1.0 1.0 1.0 2i 0.3 0.3 1.0
0.3EQX0.3EQY1.0EQZ

Serviceability Limit State (SLS)

1.0  1.0 1.0 2i 1.0  

EQ 1.0DL+1.0SDL+2iLL1.0EQX+PT #A
SLS01 1.0DL+1.0SDL+2iLL1.0EQY+PT #A
1.0  1.0 1.0 2i  1.0 

EQ 1.0DL+1.0SDL+2iLL+PT 1.0  1.0 1.0 2i 1.0 0.3 0.3

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SLS02 1.0EQX0.3EQY0.3EQZ #A 1.0  1.0 1.0 2i 0.3 1.0 0.3

1.0DL+1.0SDL+2iLL+PT
0.3EQX1.0EQY0.3EQZ #A
1.0DL+1.0SDL+2iLL+PT 1.0  1.0 1.0 2i 0.3 0.3 1.0
0.3EQX0.3EQY1.0EQZ #A
#A Note that the lateral EQ loads in the EQ SLS combination cases here are not enhanced by the adopted behaviour factor, q as per cl.4.3.4
BS EN1998-1 as these EQ SLS combinations are required for PT SLS design and also represent the foundation load combination cases. The
evaluation of EQ deflections should be based on an amplified (by the factor q) deflection value instead.

Appendix E: RC or PT Design Strip Design Sections Equivalent Frame Method Integration of Effects Analysis vs FE
Analysis Method Integration of Effects Analysis

RC or PT Design Strip Design Sections RC or PT Design Strip Design Sections FE

Equivalent Frame Method Integration of Analysis Method Integration of Effects
Effects Analysis Analysis

Does not consider the flat slab hogging moment Does consider the flat slab hogging moment stress
stress concentrations, unconservatively concentrations, conservatively

Does not inherently consider external loads and Does inherently consider external loads and
tendons outside of the design strip (but still offers tendons outside of the design strip (but still offers
an effect), unconservatively an effect), conservatively

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FEM Design Verification Checklist for ADAPT-Builder 2016 (Summary)

Appendix F: PT Additional Detailing Requirements

The following additional detailing requirements are required: -

(i) the provision of minimum longitudinal steel (untensioned reinforcement) for unbonded tendon construction
[cl.6.10.6 TR.43]

(ii) the provision of flexural and restraining longitudinal and transverse steel (untensioned reinforcement) near
restraining walls

(iii) the provision of longitudinal and transverse steel (untensioned reinforcement) between tendon anchorages at flat
slab edges [cl.6.13 TR.43]
 parallel to the edge, untensioned and/or tensioned reinforcement to resist the ULS bending moment for a
continuous slab spanning la, which is the centre to centre distance between (groups of) anchorages, evenly
distributed across a width of 0.7la should be provided, and
 perpendicular to the edge, untensioned reinforcement greater than 0.13%bh and 1/4 x parallel
reinforcement, evenly distributed between the anchorages and extending MAX(la,0.7la+anchorage) should
be provided

(iv) the provision of minimum longitudinal steel (untensioned reinforcement) at column positions for all flat slabs of at
least 0.075% of the gross concrete cross-sectional area, concentrated between lines that are 1.5 times the slab
depth either side of the width of the column and extending 0.2L into the span, L [cl.6.10.6 TR.43]

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FEM Design Verification Checklist for ADAPT-Builder 2016 (Summary)

Appendix G: PT Dual-Cast Construction

Dual-cast construction may be simplistically simulated by: -

(i) first, performing the first-cast PT structural analysis after

 modelling the structure corresponding to the first-cast (e.g. a transfer storey structure with a reduced
initial thickness without any upper storey superstructure walls that may provide a stiffening effect)
 modelling the PT tendons corresponding to the first-cast only whilst excluding that of the second-cast
(e.g. a transfer storey structure with PT tendons within the first-cast initial thickness only)
 applying external superimposed dead and live loads corresponding to the first-cast (e.g. a transfer storey
structure with external self-weight of the additional second cast included as superimposed dead load and
construction live load)
 defining a standard TLS load combination case, e.g. 1.0S+1.15PT
 defining standard SLS/ULS load combination cases with PT load combination cases

(ii) second, performing the first-cast PT design TLS/SLS/ULS checks whilst

 recording the representative SLS stress at bottom face which should be positive (i.e. compressive) for
the dual-cast construction method to be effective, however negative (i.e. tensile) stresses should be
considered and recorded if indeed that is the case (noting that by convention, positive stress is
compressive and negative stress is tensile)

(iii) third, performing the second-cast PT structural analysis after

 modelling the structure corresponding to the second-cast (e.g. a transfer storey structure with an
increased final thickness and upper storey superstructure walls potentially providing a stiffening effect)
 modelling the PT tendons corresponding to the second-cast only whilst excluding that of the first-cast
(e.g. a transfer storey structure with PT tendons within the second-cast final thickness only)
 modelling the additional first-cast PT tendon area as equivalent [factored by fpk/fy] bottom longitudinal
steel (untensioned reinforcement) area for the PT design ULS bending and shear checks, although for any
quantity take-off purposes, the second-cast bottom longitudinal steel (untensioned reinforcement) quantity
should then be factored down and for completion, the second-cast PT tendon quantity factored up to
include the first-cast PT tendon quantity
 applying external dead, superimposed dead and live loads corresponding to the second-cast (e.g. a
transfer storey structure with external dead, superimposed dead and live loads from the particular storey
and all upper storeys)
 defining a non-standard TLS load combination case to exclude the beneficial effect (of counteracting the
prestressing equivalent load) of the self-weight of the second-cast structure section which can no longer be
considered as it has already been considered in the bending of the first-cast structure section, e.g.
0.0S+1.15PT, noting that all transfer storeys should thus be designated as such so that the dead load
(self-weight of the structure) case, S within the TLS load combination case (thus defined when the type of
load combination case is designated by the user as initial) will refer to the self-weight of only the
particular storey (and not the self-weight from any upper storey)
 defining standard SLS/ULS load combination cases with PT load combination cases, noting that the effect
of the self-weight of the second-cast structure section can conservatively be double-counted, the effect
being marginal in practice as it would be resisted by the full second-cast structure section elastic section
modulus Zt/b and would form only a fraction of the full SLS load combination cases whilst ensuring that the
correct external load effects are maintained for presentation purposes and other PT design SLS/ULS checks

(iv) fourth, performing the second-cast PT design TLS/SLS/ULS checks whilst

 subtracting the recorded first-cast representative SLS stress at bottom face from the criteria fmin'/fmin and
fmax'/fmax

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FEM Design Verification Checklist for ADAPT-Builder 2016 (Summary)

Appendix H: PT Multi-Stage Stressing

Multi-stage stressing may be simplistically simulated by: -

(i) first,
 modelling the structure corresponding to the first stressing stage, STG(i=1) (e.g. a transfer storey
structure with a reduced total number of upper storeys above the transfer storey)
 modelling the PT tendons corresponding to the first stressing stage, STG(i=1) (e.g. a transfer storey
structure with a reduced total number of PT tendons)
 applying external superimposed dead and live loads corresponding to the first stressing stage, STG(i=1)
(e.g. a transfer storey structure with external loads consistent with the reduced total number of upper
storeys above the transfer storey)
 defining a standard TLS load combination case, e.g. 1.0S+1.15PT, noting that all transfer storeys
should thus be designated as such so that the dead load (self-weight of the structure) case, S within the
TLS load combination case (thus defined when the type of load combination case is designated by the user
as initial) will refer to the self-weight of only the particular storey (and not the self-weight from any upper
storey)
 defining standard SLS/ULS load combination cases with PT load combination cases
 performing the PT structural analysis
 performing the PT design TLS/SLS/ULS checks corresponding to the first stressing stage, STG(i=1)

(ii) second,
 modelling the structure corresponding to the second stressing stage, STG(i=2) (e.g. a transfer storey
structure with an increased total number of upper storeys above the transfer storey)
 modelling the PT tendons corresponding to the second stressing stage, STG(i=2) (e.g. a transfer storey
structure with an increased total number of PT tendons)
 applying external superimposed dead and live loads corresponding to the second stressing stage, STG(i=2)
(e.g. a transfer storey structure with external loads consistent with the increased total number of upper
storeys above the transfer storey)
 defining a non-standard TLS load combination case to include the effects of the self-weight from the
upper storeys corresponding to the preceding stressing stage (pre-calculated and applied as superimposed
dead load), e.g. 1.0S+1.0SUPPER STOREYS OF STG(i=1)+1.15PT
 defining standard SLS/ULS load combination cases with PT load combination cases
 performing the PT structural analysis
 performing the PT design TLS/SLS/ULS checks corresponding to the second stressing stage, STG(i=2)

(iii) third and thereafter, repeating the second step corresponding to the third and thereafter stressing stages, STG(i=3,
4, 5, etc.)

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