Reactor Design II-Fourth Year DR - Ali N.Khalaf: Chemical Engineering Department - University of Basrah

Reactor Design II- Fourth Year
Dr.Ali N.Khalaf
31 Chemical Engineering Department- University of Basrah

Dr.Ali N.Khalaf
Example 8:
For the following reactions

Dr.Ali N.Khalaf
Example 9:
A well-mixed batch reactor is used for performing the isothermal liquid phase
reaction.
Each reaction step is first order with respect to reactant A and the initial concentration of A
is 1.0 kmol/m3.
(1) Determine the yield of B with respect to A for any given initial concentration.
(2) Determine the time required to achieve a 60% conversion of A to B or C.
Solution:
Part 1

Dr.Ali N.Khalaf
Integrating Equation 5-280 between the boundary conditions t = 0, C A = CAO and

t = t, CA = CA gives
Substituting Equation 5-283 into Equation 5-281 gives
Integrating Equation 5-284 between the boundary conditions gives
The yield of B with respect to A is YB
Substituting the values of k1 and k2 in terms of time t gives the yield of B with respect
to A as
Part 2: The time required to achieve 60% conversion of A to B or C is

Dr.Ali N.Khalaf
Example 10:
If a CSTR were used with CA = 1 mol/L and CD= 1 mol/L, at what temperature should
the reactor be operated?
Solution:

Dr.Ali N.Khalaf
Plot SD/(U1+U2) vs temperature to find the temperature that maximizes SD/(U1+U2
Example 11:
Calculate the yield of forming B in a CSTR and PFR when the conversion of A is 90%
and CA0 = 4 mol/L. The following reactions occur in the reactor:
Solution:

Dr.Ali N.Khalaf

Dr.Ali N.Khalaf

Dr.Ali N.Khalaf
Homework Problems:
1- We wish to produce a product B from a reactant A in a PFR with V= 4 l/min and
CA0= 2 mol/l. However, another reaction is also occurring, forming an undesired
product C. (Both reactions are irreversible, 1storder, with k B= 0.5 min-1and kC= 0.1
min-1).
(a)Assuming a series reaction A → B → C, calculate the maximum achievable yield
of B, as well as the necessary reactor volume.
(b)Assuming parallel reactions A → B and →C, calculate the reactor volume
necessary to achieve the same conversion of A as in (a).What is the yield of B in this
case?
Procedure:
(a) Calculate τopt, from there CB (τopt) and CA (τopt). From these you obtain SB,max and
XA,max.
(b) Calculate τ(XA=0.865), from there: V = 13.36 l l. With τfrom the equation for CB
in a PFR/series reactions
2- Reaction in a certain liquid-phase system can be represented kinetically by:
Reaction is carried out in a CSTR with a large excess of B, and it is desired to

achieve a maximum concentration of C in the exit stream. For certain (nonkinetics)
reasons, it is desirable to operate either at 31°C or at 77°C. Assume E1/R = 10000 K,
E2/R = 10700 K, and A1 = A2.
(a) Which temperature should be used to obtain the largest concentration of C? Justify
your answer without doing detailed calculations.
(b)For operation at 31°C (not necessarily the better value), calculate the maximum
yield of C that can be obtained.

Dr.Ali N.Khalaf
(c) If CBo = 5 mol L-l, υ= 7 L/sec, k1 = 0.025 sec-1 at 3loC, calculate (i) the size (V/L)
of reactor required and (ii) the conversion of A at 31°C.
3- A network of ideal-gas-phase reactions is to be conducted in an isothermal,
isobaric PFR
4- The reaction is carried out in a batch reactor in which there is pure A initially
5- Consider the following system of gas-phase reactions:

Dr.Ali N.Khalaf
B is the desired product, and X and Y are foul pollutants that are expensive to get rid
of. The specific reaction rates are at 27°C. The reaction system is to be operated at
27°C and 4 atm. Pure A enters the system at a volumetric flow rate of 10 dm3/min.
(a) Sketch the instantaneous selectivities (SB/X, SB/Y• and SB/XY =rB/(rx+ry))as a
function of the concentration of CA.
(b) Consider a series of reactors. What should be the volume of the first reactor?
(c) What are the effluent concentrations of A, B, X, and Y from the first reactor?
(d) What is the conversion of A in the first reactor?
(e) If 99% conversion of A is desired, what reaction scheme and reactor sizes should
you use to maximize SB/XY?
(f) Suppose that E1 = 20000 cal/mol, E2 = 10000 cal/mol, and E3 = 30,000 cal/mol.
What temperature would you recommend for a single CSTR with a space time of 10
min and an entering concentration of A of 0.1 mol/dm3?
(g) If you could vary the pressure between l and I 00 atm, what pressure would you
choose?

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Reactor Design II- Fourth Year

31 Chemical Engineering Department- University of Basrah

32 Chemical Engineering Department- University of Basrah

33 Chemical Engineering Department- University of Basrah

Integrating Equation 5-280 between the boundary conditions t = 0, C A = CAO and

Substituting Equation 5-283 into Equation 5-281 gives

Integrating Equation 5-284 between the boundary conditions gives

The yield of B with respect to A is YB

Part 2: The time required to achieve 60% conversion of A to B or C is

34 Chemical Engineering Department- University of Basrah

35 Chemical Engineering Department- University of Basrah

Plot SD/(U1+U2) vs temperature to find the temperature that maximizes SD/(U1+U2

36 Chemical Engineering Department- University of Basrah

37 Chemical Engineering Department- University of Basrah

38 Chemical Engineering Department- University of Basrah

2- Reaction in a certain liquid-phase system can be represented kinetically by:

Reaction is carried out in a CSTR with a large excess of B, and it is desired to

39 Chemical Engineering Department- University of Basrah

5- Consider the following system of gas-phase reactions:

40 Chemical Engineering Department- University of Basrah

41 Chemical Engineering Department- University of Basrah

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