CCBOOTCAMP’s

CCIE Voice Written Exam Study Guide

for the current CCIE Voice Written Exam

For questions about this workbook please visit: www.voiceie.com

CCBOOTCAMP
375 N. Stephanie Street
Building 21, Suite 2111
Henderson, NV 89014
1.877.654.2243 Toll Free

www.ccbootcamp.com

“Cisco,” the “Cisco Logo,” “CCNA,” “CCNP,” “CCDP,” “CCDA,” “CCIE,” “Cisco Certified
Network Associate,” “Cisco Certified Design Professional,” “Cisco Certified Design
Associate,” “and “Cisco Certified Network Professional,” are registered trademarks of
Cisco Systems, Inc. The contents contained wherein, is not associated or endorsed by
Cisco Systems, Inc.
PLEASE READ THIS SUBSCRIPTION LICENSE AGREEMENT CAREFULLY BEFORE USING THIS PRODUCT.
THIS SUBSCRIPTION LICENSE AGREEMENT APPLIES TO CCBOOTCAMP’s CCIE Voice Written Exam
Study Guide.

BY ORDERING THIS PRODUCT YOU ARE CONSENTING TO BE BOUND BY THIS LICENSING AGREEMENT.
IF YOU DO NOT AGREE TO ALL OF THE TERMS OF THIS LICENSE, THEN DO NOT PURCHASE THIS
PRODUCT.

License Agreement

CCBOOTCAMP’s CCIE Voice Written Exam Study Guide is copyrighted. In addition, this
product is at all times the property of CCBOOTCAMP, and the customer shall agree to
use this product only for themselves, the licensed user. The license for the specific
customer remains valid from the purchase date until they pass their CCIE Voice written
exam.

CCBOOTCAMP’s CCIE Voice Written Exam Study Guide is licensed by individual customer.
This material cannot be resold, transferred, traded, sold, or have the price shared in
any way. Each specific individual customer must have a license to use this product.
The customer agrees that this product is always the property of CCBOOTCAMP, and they
are just purchasing a license to use it. A Customer’s license will be revoked if they
violate this licensing agreement in any way.

Copies of this material in any form or fashion are strictly prohibited. If for any
reason a licensed copy of this material is lost or damaged a new copy will be provided
free of charge, except for the cost of printing, shipping and handling.

Individuals or entities that knowingly violate the terms of this licensing agreement
may be subject to punitive damages that CCBOOTCAMP could seek in civil court. Damages
will be limited to a maximum of $500,000.00 per individual and $2,000,000.00 per
entity. In addition, individuals or entities that knowingly violate the terms of this
license agreement may be subject to criminal penalties as are allowed by law.

The venue of any dispute, controversy, litigation or proceeding (formal or informal)

arising out of or pertaining to this licensing agreement or the subject hereof shall
lie exclusively in the County of Clark, State of Nevada. Provided, however, that if
any such dispute, controversy, litigation or proceeding requires or permits
jurisdiction in a federal court or agency of the United States, then venue shall lie
in no federal court or agency other than those located in (or nearest to) the County
of Clark, State of Nevada.

Term and Termination of License Agreement

This License is effective until terminated. Customer may terminate this License at any
time by destroying all copies of written and electronic material of said product.
Customer's rights under this License will terminate immediately without notice from
CCBOOTCAMP, if Customer fails to comply with any provision of this License. Upon
termination, Customer must destroy all copies of material in its possession or
control. The license for the specific user remains valid from the purchase date until
the user passes their lab exam pertaining to the purchased subscription. Once the
customer passes the relevant lab exam the license is terminated and all material
written or electronic in their possession or control must be destroyed or returned to
CCBOOTCAMP.

Warranty

No warranty of any kind is provided with this product. There are no guarantees that
the use of this product will help a customer pass any exams, tests, or certifications,
or enhance their knowledge in any way. The product is provided on an “AS IS” basis.
In no event will CCBOOTCAMP, its suppliers, or licensed resellers be liable for any
incurred costs, lost revenue, lost profit, lost data, or any other damages regardless
of the theory of liability arising out of use or inability to use this product.
 For questions: www.voiceie.com
v.w.wb.10.10ds.r10.10.18.doc

Study Guide for the Cisco CCIE Voice Written Exam

Author: Daryl P. Smith

Copyright© 2010 Network Learning, Inc.

Published by:

Network Learning Inc. (Cisco Learning Partner)

375 N. Stephanie Street, Building 21, Suite 2111

Henderson, NV 89014 USA

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or
by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any
information storage and retrieval system without written permission from the publisher
except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review.

Printed in the United States of America

Warning and Disclaimer

This book is designed to provide information to the Cisco CCIE Voice written exam. Every
effort has been made to make this book as complete and as accurate as possible, but no
warranty or fitness is implied.

The information is provided on an “as is” basis. The authors, editors, and Network Learning
Inc., shall have neither liability nor responsibility to any person or entity with respect to any
loss or damages arising from the information contained in this book or from the use of the
discs or programs that may accompany it.

The opinions expressed in this book belong to the author and are not necessarily those of
Network Learning Inc.

www.ccbootcamp.com Toll Free 1.877.654.2243 [email protected]

Copyright ©2010, Network Learning, Incorporated
 For questions: www.voiceie.com
v.w.wb.10.10ds.r10.10.18.doc

Trademark Acknowledgements

All terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks or service marks have
been appropriately capitalized. Network Learning Inc. cannot attest to the accuracy of this
information. Use of a term in this book should not be regarded as affecting the validity of
any trademark or service mark.

Author – Daryl P. Smith

Daryl Smith is the author of CCBOOTCAMP's CCIE Voice Exam Strategy Guide
Workbook. He has attained the highest level Cisco® certification: Cisco Certified
Internetwork Expert: CCIE#25893 in Voice. Daryl is an experienced engineer with over
15 years in the networking and voice arena. Currently Daryl is working toward attaining
his CCDE certification. He holds the following certifications: Cisco Certified Network
Associate (CCNA), Cisco Certified Voice Professional (CCVP), Cisco Certified Internetwork
Expert (CCIE-Voice#25893), and Cisco Certified System Instructor (CCSI) 33397.

Contributing Author – Brad Ellis

Brad Ellis (CCIE #5796, CCSI #30482, CSS1, CCDP, CCNP, MCNE, and MCSE) works as
a network engineer and is the CEO of Network Learning Inc. He has been dedicated to
the networking industry for over 12 years. Brad has worked on large scale security
assessments and infrastructure projects. He is currently focusing his efforts in the
security and voice fields. Brad is a dual CCIE (R&S / Security) #5796.

www.ccbootcamp.com Toll Free 1.877.654.2243 [email protected]

Copyright ©2010, Network Learning, Incorporated
 For questions: www.voiceie.com
v.w.wb.10.10ds.r10.10.18.doc

Contents

Contents 3 

Introduction 27 

Chapter 1 Infrastructure Protocols 28 

DNS 28 

Using DNS with CUCM Advantages 28 

IP Address advantages 28 

Cisco TFTP 29 

TFTP Process Overview for SCCP Devices 30 

TFTP Process Overview for Cisco Unified IP Phones Using SIP 31 

Understanding How Devices Use DHCP and Cisco TFTP 32 

Obtaining an IP Address 33 

Requesting the Configuration File 33 

Contacting Cisco Unified Communications Manager 34 

NTP 35 

SCCP Phones 36 

SIP Phones 36 

NTP for Network Devices 37 

Power over Ethernet 37 

Cisco AVVID and Cisco IP Communications 39 

Inline Power 39 

www.ccbootcamp.com Toll Free 1.877.654.2243 [email protected]

Copyright ©2010, Network Learning, Incorporated
 For questions: www.voiceie.com
v.w.wb.10.10ds.r10.10.18.doc

Cisco Inline Power 39 

Statement of Direction 40 

Voice and Data VLAN 41 

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) 41 

Cisco IOS DHCP Server 41 

Understanding Voice VLAN 42 

Cisco IP Phone Voice Traffic 43 

Cisco IP Phone Data Traffic 43 

Default Voice VLAN Configuration 43 

Single VLAN 44 

Multi VLAN 44 

Trunk Port VLAN 45 

Troubleshooting Infrastructure Protocols 45 

NTP 45 

TFTP and DHCP 47 

VLAN 48 

Chapter 1 Questions 49 

Chapter 1 Answers 52 

Telephony Protocols 53 

SCCP 53 

Media Gateway Control Protocol (MGCP) 53 

www.ccbootcamp.com Toll Free 1.877.654.2243 [email protected]

Copyright ©2010, Network Learning, Incorporated
 For questions: www.voiceie.com
v.w.wb.10.10ds.r10.10.18.doc

Call Connections for MGCP 56 

PRI and BRI Backhaul 57 

Configuring MGCP 58 

Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) 58 

SIP Entities 60 

User Agent 61 

Proxy Server 61 

Redirect Server 61 

Registrar 61 

B2BUA 62 

SIP Messages 62 

SIP Request Messages 62 

SIP Response Messages 62 

SIP Addresses 63 

Fully qualified domain names 63 

E.164 addresses 63 

Mixed addresses 63 

Configuring SIP 64 

SIP DTMF signaling 65 

H.323 65 

Terminals 67 

www.ccbootcamp.com Toll Free 1.877.654.2243 [email protected]

Copyright ©2010, Network Learning, Incorporated
 For questions: www.voiceie.com
v.w.wb.10.10ds.r10.10.18.doc

Gateways 67 

Gatekeepers 68 

Multipoint Control Unit (MCU) 70 

H.323 Version 2 71 

Security 71 

Fast Call Setup 71 

Supplementary Services 71 

T.120/H.323 Integration 72 

H.323 Call Scenario 72 

Basic H.323 Call Setup 72 

Basic Configuration of an H.323 gateway 73 

Call Flow with a Gatekeeper 74 

Call Flow with multiple Gatekeepers 74 

Configuring H.323 75 

Strengths of H.323, SIP, and MGCP 77 

H.323 77 

SIP 77 

MGCP 77 

IP Voice Signal Interconnect CUBE 78 

Requires one of these Cisco IOS feature sets: 79 

Cisco Unified Border Element with Gatekeeper Network Topology 79 

www.ccbootcamp.com Toll Free 1.877.654.2243 [email protected]

Copyright ©2010, Network Learning, Incorporated
 For questions: www.voiceie.com
v.w.wb.10.10ds.r10.10.18.doc

Real Time transport protocol (RTP) 82 

Real Time Control Protocol - RTCP 83 

Analog Interfaces 85 

FXS 85 

FXO 87 

E&M 88 

Digital Signaling (T1/E1) 90 

CAS Systems: T1 90 

Channel Associated Signaling 92 

E1 Interface 92 

CAS Systems: E1 93 

E1 Channel Associated Signaling 94 

Common Channel Signaling 94 

CCS Signaling 94 

ISDN 95 

QSIG 96 

ISDN PRI QSIG voice-signaling provides the following benefits: 96 

IOS Dial-peer and Digit Manipulations 97 

Dial Peer Overview 97 

Call Legs 97 

Destination Patterns 99 

www.ccbootcamp.com Toll Free 1.877.654.2243 [email protected]

Copyright ©2010, Network Learning, Incorporated
 For questions: www.voiceie.com
v.w.wb.10.10ds.r10.10.18.doc

Types of Dial-Peers 99 

Digit Manipulation 100 

Wildcards 101 

Digit Stripping and Prefixes 102 

Forwarding Digits 104 

Translation Rules 105 

Features: 105 

Assign Translation Profiles 105 

voice translation-rule Command 107 

Translation Profile Configuration 108 

Dial Peer Configuration 108 

Troubleshooting Telephony Protocols 108 

MGCP 109 

MGCP and H.323 controllers 110 

ISDN debug 110 

Active Calls on a Router 111 

SIP 113 

H.323 and Gatekeeper 115 

Dial-peers 116 

Call Control 118 

Translation Rules 119 

www.ccbootcamp.com Toll Free 1.877.654.2243 [email protected]

Copyright ©2010, Network Learning, Incorporated
 For questions: www.voiceie.com
v.w.wb.10.10ds.r10.10.18.doc

Chapter 2 Questions 120 

Chapter 2 Answers 124 

Chapter 3 Cisco Unified Communications Manager (CUCM) 125 

Device Registration 125 

Device Settings 126 

Device Defaults Configuration 126 

Phone Button Template 126 

Softkey Templates 126 

SIP Profile 127 

Common Profile 127 

Device Redundancy 128 

Call Processing Redundancy 128 

SRST-MGCP Fallback 129 

Codec Selection 129 

Dial Plan 130 

Local Route Group 132 

Support for + Dialing 134 

Calling Party Number Transformations 136 

Called Party Number Transformations 138 

Globalize Call Routing Ingress and Egress 141 

Constructing a Globalize Call Flow 144 

www.ccbootcamp.com Toll Free 1.877.654.2243 [email protected]

Copyright ©2010, Network Learning, Incorporated
 For questions: www.voiceie.com
v.w.wb.10.10ds.r10.10.18.doc

Partitions 146 

Calling Search Space 146 

Digit Analysis 149 

Digit collection 152 

Type B SIP Phones 154 

SIP Dial Rules 154 

Digit Manipulation 156 

Benefits of “+” Dialing 157 

AAR 157 

Call Forward Unregistered (CFUR) 158 

Tail End Hop Off (TEHO) 158 

Media Resources 158 

Conference bridges 159 

Media Termination Point 160 

Annunciator 160 

Transcoder 160 

Cisco RSVP Agent 162 

Music on Hold 162 

Unicast and Multicast MoH 163 

Cisco IP Voice Media Streaming Application 164 

Media resource Manager (MRM) 165 

10

www.ccbootcamp.com Toll Free 1.877.654.2243 [email protected]

Copyright ©2010, Network Learning, Incorporated
 For questions: www.voiceie.com
v.w.wb.10.10ds.r10.10.18.doc

Media Resource Group 165 

Media Resource Group List 165 

CUCM Applications 167 

Extension Mobility (EM) 168 

Unified CM Assistant 169 

Unified CM Assistant Functionality and Architecture 170 

Unified CM Assistant Share Lined Mode 171 

Cisco Unified Mobility 172 

Mobile Connect 173 

Mobile Voice Access and Enterprise Feature Access 173 

Remote Destination Profile Configuration 174 

CUCM CTI Integrations 174 

CTI Port 176 

CTI Route Point 176 

CUM Serviceability and OS Administration 177 

Cisco OS Administration 177 

CUCM Disaster Recovery 178 

Troubleshooting CUCM 178 

Dial Plan and Routing Issues 179 

Route Partitions and Calling Search Spaces 180 

Problem When Dialing a Number 182 

11

www.ccbootcamp.com Toll Free 1.877.654.2243 [email protected]

Copyright ©2010, Network Learning, Incorporated
 For questions: www.voiceie.com
v.w.wb.10.10ds.r10.10.18.doc

Intercluster Cisco Unified IP Phone Calls 184 

Intercluster H.323 Communication 185 

Chapter 3 Questions 196 

Chapter 3 Answers 207 

Chapter 4 Cisco IOS IP Telephony 208 

CUCME 208 

CUCME Overview 208 

SRST 209 

Components of Centralized Call-Processing Architecture 210 

When to user MGCP Fallback 212 

When to Use Basic SRST: 212 

When to Use CUCME SRST 213 

SRST Timing 213 

CUE 214 

Deployment Models 215 

Standalone Office 215 

Multisite Networks 216 

CUCME Call Features 217 

Basic Automatic Call Distribution (B-ACD) 217 

Customer Contact 218 

IP Telephony 218 

12

www.ccbootcamp.com Toll Free 1.877.654.2243 [email protected]

Copyright ©2010, Network Learning, Incorporated
 For questions: www.voiceie.com
v.w.wb.10.10ds.r10.10.18.doc

Rich-Media Conferencing 218 

Third-Party Applications 218 

Unified Communications 218 

Video Telephony 219 

IOS Media Resources 219 

DSP Farms 219 

DSP Farm Profiles 219 

Conferencing 220 

Transcoding 220 

Media Termination Point 221 

Allocation of DSP Resources Within the DSP Farm 222 

Troubleshooting IOS Telephony 223 

Telephony E-Phone & SIP Registration 223 

Show ephone registered 224 

Show voice register pool 1 224 

Show telephony-service all & show voice register global 225 

Chapter 4 Questions 227 

Chapter 4 Answers 228 

Chapter 5 - Quality of Service (QoS) 229 

QoS Overview 230 

Five Benefits for Implementing QoS in the Enterprise Networks 230 

13

www.ccbootcamp.com Toll Free 1.877.654.2243 [email protected]

Copyright ©2010, Network Learning, Incorporated
 For questions: www.voiceie.com
v.w.wb.10.10ds.r10.10.18.doc

How a Converged Network Behaves Without QoS 231 

QoS framework 231 

Call Admission Control Functionality 231 

Integrated Services vs. Differentiated Services 232 

Configure QoS Policy using Modular QoS CLI 234 

QoS Configuration overview 234 

FIFO: default, no config necessary 234 

CBWFQ: 235 

CQ: 235 

PQ: 235 

LLQ: 236 

CAR: 236 

WRED: 237 

FRED: 237 

Link Fragmentation and Interleaving (LFI) for Multilink PPP (MLP): 238 

Configure and Monitor Various LFI methods and CRTP 240 

Classification and Marking 243 

Purposes of Classification and Marking 243 

Difference Between Classification and Marking 244 

Class of Service, IP Precedence and DiffServ Code Points 244 

Network Based Application Recognition (NBAR) 246 

14

www.ccbootcamp.com Toll Free 1.877.654.2243 [email protected]

Copyright ©2010, Network Learning, Incorporated
 For questions: www.voiceie.com
v.w.wb.10.10ds.r10.10.18.doc

Classify and Mark Traffic 247 

Congestion Management: Queuing 249 

Identify and Differentiate Between IOS Queuing Techniques 250 

Apply Each Queuing Technique to the Appropriate Application 253 

IP RTP Priority and Low Latency Queuing (LLQ) Differences 254 

Configure WFQ, CBWFQ, and LLQ 256 

Congestion Avoidance 258 

Explain How TCP Responds to Congestion 258 

Explain Tail Drop and Global Synchronization 258 

Identify and Differentiate Between: RED, WRED, FRED 259 

Configure IOS Congestion Avoidance Features 260 

Link Efficiency Tools 262 

The Need for Link Efficiency Tools 262 

Real Time Protocol Header Compression (cRTP) 264 

Policing and Shaping 264 

The Difference Between Policing and Shaping and How Each Relates to QoS 264 

When to Apply and How to Configure Policing Mechanisms 265 

Different Types of Traffic Shaping and How to Apply Them 265 

Configure the Different Types of Traffic Shaping 267 

Congestion-Control Mechanisms 269 

Traffic Shaping Parameters 270 

15

www.ccbootcamp.com Toll Free 1.877.654.2243 [email protected]

Copyright ©2010, Network Learning, Incorporated
 For questions: www.voiceie.com
v.w.wb.10.10ds.r10.10.18.doc

Traffic Shaping Calculation 270 

First-In, First-Out (FIFO) 271 

Weighted Fair Queuing (WFQ) 271 

Priority Queuing 272 

Custom Queuing 274 

Class-Based Weighted Fair Queuing 276 

Packet over SONET/SDH (PoS) and IP Precedence 277 

IP Precedence 277 

Random Early Detection (RED) 279 

Weighted Random Early Detection (WRED) 279 

Weighted Round-Robin (WRR)/Queue Scheduling 280 

Class of Service (CoS) 281 

Shaping vs. Policing 282 

Traffic Shaping 282 

Committed Access Rate (CAR) 285 

Network-Based Application Recognition (NBAR) 286 

Configuring NBAR 287 

Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP) 288 

Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) 290 

Load Balancing 291 

802.1x and QoS 292 

16

www.ccbootcamp.com Toll Free 1.877.654.2243 [email protected]

Copyright ©2010, Network Learning, Incorporated
 For questions: www.voiceie.com
v.w.wb.10.10ds.r10.10.18.doc

LAN QoS 310 

Trust boundary 311 

Connecting an IP Phone 312 

AutoQos 313 

AutoQoS VoIP 314 

AutoQoS Enterprise 315 

3750 QoS 315 

Default Ingress QoS Configuration 316 

Congestion Management and Avoidance 317 

Queueing and Scheduling 318 

Egress QoS Features 319 

Default Configuration 320 

Chapter 5 Questions 322 

Chapter 5 Answers 331 

Chapter 6 – Unified Messaging 332 

Integration 332 

Integration Capabilities 334 

Integration Functionality SCCP & SIP 336 

Digital Integration with Digital PIMG Units 338 

DTMF Integration with Analog PIMG Units 339 

Serial (SMDI, MCI, or MD-110) Integration with Analog PIMG Units 340 

17

www.ccbootcamp.com Toll Free 1.877.654.2243 [email protected]

Copyright ©2010, Network Learning, Incorporated
 For questions: www.voiceie.com
v.w.wb.10.10ds.r10.10.18.doc

Call Information 341 

Integration Functionality 341 

Integration Description TIMG 342 

Serial Integration with TIMG Units 342 

In-Band Integration with TIMG Units 343 

Call Information 344 

Integration Functionality 344 

Deployment Models 345 

Single-Site Messaging 345 

Centralized Messaging 346 

Distributed Messaging 347 

MWI 348 

MWI Format 349 

SMDI integration 349 

The forwarded call format is: 351 

Call Handlers 352 

Directory Handlers 353 

Default System Call Handlers 354 

Overview of Call Handler Greetings 355 

Standard Greeting for Call Handlers 356 

Offering One-Key Dialing During Call Handler Greetings 357 

18

www.ccbootcamp.com Toll Free 1.877.654.2243 [email protected]

Copyright ©2010, Network Learning, Incorporated
 For questions: www.voiceie.com
v.w.wb.10.10ds.r10.10.18.doc

Offering System Transfers 358 

Abbreviated Extensions: Prepending Digits to Extensions That Callers Enter 358 

Taking Messages 359 

Transferring Calls 359 

Directory Call Handlers 361 

Creating a Directory Handler 361 

Interview Handlers 362 

VPIM 362 

Interoperability with disparate systems: 363 

VPIM Concepts 363 

The following VPIM concepts will be explained: 363 

VPIM Messages 363 

VPIM Addresses 365 

Messaging Similarities and Limitations 366 

Audio Format Considerations 367 

Troubleshooting Unified Messaging 368 

Unity Connection Traces 368 

Traces with Cisco Unity Express 368 

MWIs Do Not Turn On or Off 369 

Task List for Troubleshooting When MWIs Do Not Turn On or Off: 369 

Utilities 370 

19

www.ccbootcamp.com Toll Free 1.877.654.2243 [email protected]

Copyright ©2010, Network Learning, Incorporated
 For questions: www.voiceie.com
v.w.wb.10.10ds.r10.10.18.doc

Cisco Unity Connection Grammar Statistics Tool 370 

Cisco Unity Connection Serviceability 371 

Cisco Unity Connection Task Management Tool 372 

Cisco Voice Technology Group Subscription Tool 372 

Real-Time Monitoring Tool 372 

Cisco Unified Serviceability 373 

Remote Database Administration Tools 374 

Cisco Utilities Database Link for Informix (CUDLI) 374 

Remote Port Status Monitor 374 

Chapter 6 Questions 375 

Chapter 6 Answers 377 

Chapter 7 Integration 378 

IPCC overview 378 

Deployment Models 379 

IPCC Express co-resident 380 

Single-Server Non-HA Deployment Model 380 

Multi-Server Non-HA Deployment Model 381 

Two-Server HA Deployment Model 382 

Four-Server HA Deployment Model 383 

Six-Server HA Deployment Model 384 

Ten-Server HA Deployment Model 385 

20

www.ccbootcamp.com Toll Free 1.877.654.2243 [email protected]

Copyright ©2010, Network Learning, Incorporated
 For questions: www.voiceie.com
v.w.wb.10.10ds.r10.10.18.doc

User Accounts 386 

CTI Ports 386 

CTI Route Points 387 

Accessing Cisco Unified CCX Administration 387 

Cisco Unified Communications Manager Configuration Page 388 

Resource Manager-Contact Manager 388 

Control Center 389 

Prompt Management 390 

Script Management 391 

Resource Manager-Contact Manager 393 

Scripting 393 

Basic Script 402 

Select Resource 403 

Connect Step 404 

Call Hold/ Call Unhold 404 

Get Reporting Statistic 404 

Troubleshooting Cisco Unified CCX 406 

Troubleshooting Tips 406 

Debugging a Script 408 

Reactive or Non-Reactive Debugging 409 

Trace Log Files 410 

21

www.ccbootcamp.com Toll Free 1.877.654.2243 [email protected]

Copyright ©2010, Network Learning, Incorporated
 For questions: www.voiceie.com
v.w.wb.10.10ds.r10.10.18.doc

Alarm Configuration 411 

Chapter 7 Questions 413 

Chapter 7 Answers 417 

Chapter 8 – Presence 418 

Presence Components 418 

The Message Flow, Publish, and Subscribe 421 

CUPS Administration 423 

CUPC – Cisco Unified Personal Communicator 423 

Cisco Unified Presence − Settings. 432 

Users not showing up in CUPS user list 436 

Troubleshooting using the Cisco Unified Personal Communicator 437 

Server Health Tool 437 

Audio and Video 438 

Questions Chapter 8 439 

Answers Chapter 8 442 

Chapter 9 - UC Security 443 

Security Overview 443 

DHCP Snooping 444 

Phone Authentication and Encryption 445 

Disabling the Gratuitous ARP Setting 446 

Disabling Web Access Setting 446 

22

www.ccbootcamp.com Toll Free 1.877.654.2243 [email protected]

Copyright ©2010, Network Learning, Incorporated
 For questions: www.voiceie.com
v.w.wb.10.10ds.r10.10.18.doc

Disabling the PC Voice VLAN Access Setting 447 

Disabling the Setting Access Setting 447 

Disabling the PC Port Setting 448 

PKI Topologies in CUCM Deployments 448 

Initial Download of the CTL 453 

IP Phone Usage of the CTL 453 

Firewalls, Gateway Security & NAT 454 

Overview for Cisco IOS MGCP Gateway Encryption 454 

Overview for SIP Trunk Encryption 455 

NAT 456 

Implementing Firewall Traversal and NAT 456 

TCP/UDP Port List 457 

Chapter 9 Questions 460 

Chapter 9 Answers 463 

Chapter 10 - Application Protocols 464 

IP Multicast 464 

Benefits of IP Multicast 464 

IGMP and CGMP Multicast Protocols 465 

Designated Querier 467 

Querier router election 467 

IGMP Versions 1, 2, and 3 468 

23

www.ccbootcamp.com Toll Free 1.877.654.2243 [email protected]

Copyright ©2010, Network Learning, Incorporated
 For questions: www.voiceie.com
v.w.wb.10.10ds.r10.10.18.doc

Multicast Address Allocation 470 

Static Address Allocation Methods 470 

Scope Relative Address Allocation 470 

Dynamic Address Allocation 471 

SDR—Session Directory 471 

Classic PIM-SM 471 

Bidirectional PIM 472 

IP Multicast Routing 473 

Multicast Groups 473 

Rendezvous Points (Auto-RP, BSR) 475 

Recommended Rendezvous Point Placement 476 

Group-RP Mapping Mechanism 476 

Recommendation 476 

Comments on Auto-RP 477 

Comments on Static RP 478 

Calculating a Multicast Address 478 

Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM) 479 

PIM Commands 481 

Reverse Path Forwarding (RPF) 481 

PIM and Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol (DVMRP) 481 

PIM-SM Mechanics (Joining, Pruning PIM State, Mroute table) 482 

24

www.ccbootcamp.com Toll Free 1.877.654.2243 [email protected]

Copyright ©2010, Network Learning, Incorporated
 For questions: www.voiceie.com
v.w.wb.10.10ds.r10.10.18.doc

PIM-SM uses these PIMv2 messages 482 

PIM-DM 483 

Bidirectional PIM (bidir-PIM) 484 

Designated Forwarder (DF) Election 486 

Bidirectional Group Tree Building 487 

Packet Forwarding 488 

Memory, Bandwidth, and CPU Requirements 488 

Benefits and Drawbacks of PIM 489 

Debugging bidir-PIM is easier than PIM-SM 489 

RP Tree Delivery for All Packets 489 

Bidir-PIM Partial Upgrades Not Allowed 489 

Bidir-PIM Network Redundancy Not Supported 490 

Bidir-PIM Nonbroadcast Multi-access Mode Not Supported 490 

Bidir-PIM Traffic Forwarding Restrictions 490 

Anycast RP 492 

IP Multicast Terms 492 

Unicast & Multicast for CUCM/CUCME 497 

Video 499 

Video Codec 499 

Video Call Bandwidth 500 

Cisco Video Telephony Advantage (CVTA) 501 

25

www.ccbootcamp.com Toll Free 1.877.654.2243 [email protected]

Copyright ©2010, Network Learning, Incorporated
 For questions: www.voiceie.com
v.w.wb.10.10ds.r10.10.18.doc

Fax and Modem 502 

Overview of Fax and Fax Relay 502 

Fax Relay Basics 503 

Chapter 10 Questions 506 

Chapter 10 Answers 509 

Chapter 11 Operation and Network Management 510 

Operating System Status and Configuration 510 

Settings 510 

Software Upgrades 511 

UC Product Upgrade 511 

Traces 512 

26

www.ccbootcamp.com Toll Free 1.877.654.2243 [email protected]

Copyright ©2010, Network Learning, Incorporated
 For questions: www.voiceie.com
v.w.wb.10.10ds.r10.10.18.doc

Introduction

This book is targeted toward the potential Cisco CCIE Voice candidates preparing for
the new CCIE Voice Exam based upon Cisco Unified Communications Manager 7.0,
Unity Connection 7.0, Cisco Unified Presence Server and Cisco Unified Contact Center
Express. The written guide is more than just a guide to assist you in passing the
written exam (350-030), but to assist you with your career as well. This guide can
also be used as a reference guide for it contains a combination of notes, white
papers and Cisco technical tutorial as well classroom material from CCBOOTCAMP.

This guide also provides some sample questions that are not directly related to
actual questions you will see on the exam but questions that will help you
understand the topics and concepts within each chapter. These questions serve as a
guide and will help you build confidence as you prepare for the CCIE Voice Written
Exam. Some of the concepts are complex and this guide will help you understand
these concepts as you prepare for the written exam as well as the CCIE Voice Lab
exam.

I also recommend you read the CUCM SRND guide found on www.cisco.com/go/srnd
and additional material found on Cisco Learning Network for CCIE candidate:
https://learningnetwork.cisco.com/community/certifications/ccie_voice

This is your first step in a long journey to becoming a CCIE. This journey is not an
easy one but it is one that you will enjoy once you succeed. Once you obtain your
CCIE you will be recognized as one of the elites in the industry, for you have
demonstrated your knowledge and capability to perform complex concepts. Good
luck in your journey and remember to enjoy it.

Daryl P. Smith, September 2010

27

www.ccbootcamp.com Toll Free 1.877.654.2243 [email protected]

Copyright ©2010, Network Learning, Incorporated
 For questions: www.voiceie.com
v.w.wb.10.10ds.r10.10.18.doc

Chapter 1 Infrastructure Protocols

DNS

DNS within Cisco Unified Communications Manager clusters has some advantages and
disadvantages. DNS is used to for name resolution and it allows CUCM services and
applications to reference the server/system by name instead of by IP address.
Cisco Unified Communications Manager can use either IP addresses or host names to refer
to other devices such as server or application settings within the cluster. When host names
are used, the CUCM server must be able to resolve the names. Therefore; a DNS server is
required within the environment.

Using DNS with CUCM Advantages

In the case of using DNS, management is simplified because logical names are simpler to
handle then 32-bit addresses. IF IP addresses change, there is no need to modify the
application settings, because they can still use the same names; only the DNS server
configuration needs to be modified in this case. IP addresses of CUCM server can be
translated by NAT toward IP Phones, because the IP phone configuration files do not include
the original server IP address. When the DNS requests are sent out by IP Phones, the use of
NAT for the server IP addresses is no problem, for the phones are using a hostname and not
the IP address.

IP Address advantages
The system doesn’t depend on DNS for name resolution. A device (IP Phone) can initiate a
request directly to the target and the time required for an established connection is
reduced. By eliminating the need for DNS, there are no errors caused by DNS
misconfiguration. Troubleshooting is simplified because there is no need to verify proper
name resolution.

Best Practice recommendation is not use DNS with Cisco Unified Communications Manager.

28

www.ccbootcamp.com Toll Free 1.877.654.2243 [email protected]

Copyright ©2010, Network Learning, Incorporated
 For questions: www.voiceie.com
v.w.wb.10.10ds.r10.10.18.doc

If DNS is used within the environment, there are some components that will require DNS
and rely on the availability of the DNS server or servers.
IP Phones will require DNS for signaling when CUCM servers are configured by names. The
configured CUCM server is part of the configuration file of the IP Phone. Therefore an IP
Phone needs to be able to resolve the name of the CUCM server or servers to an IP address
when CUCM server is specified by name. By default CUCM servers are added to the
configuration database by their name. IP Phones also need to be capable of resolving names
of IP Addresses when IP Phone service URLs use names instead of IP addresses. This
applies to service accessed from the services button at the phone, and to services that are
accessed by phone buttons configured with service URLs.

SIP Trunks, SIP Gateways, H.323 Gateways and H.323 Trunks can be configured to use
Host Names as well as SIP route patterns and SNMP and other network management
servers.

Cisco Unified Communications Manager servers never use DNS for intracluster
communications; Cisco Unified Communications Manager servers always use IP addresses,
regardless of whether host names are configured for the servers.

Cisco TFTP
The Cisco TFTP service builds and serves files that are consistent with the Trivial File
Transfer Protocol (TFTP). Cisco TFTP builds configuration files and serves embedded
component executables, ringer files, and device configuration files. A configuration file
contains a prioritized list of Cisco Unified Communications Managers for a device (phones
that are running SCCP and phones that are running SIP and gateways), the TCP ports on
which the device connects to those Cisco Unified Communications Managers, and an
executable load identifier. Configuration files for selected devices contain locale information
and URLs for the phone buttons: messages, directories, services, and information.
Configuration files for gateways contain all their configuration information. You can find
configuration files in a .cnf, a .cnf.xml, or an .xml format, depending on the device type and
your TFTP service parameter settings. When you set the BuildCNFType service parameter to
29

www.ccbootcamp.com Toll Free 1.877.654.2243 [email protected]

Copyright ©2010, Network Learning, Incorporated
 For questions: www.voiceie.com
v.w.wb.10.10ds.r10.10.18.doc

Build All, the TFTP server builds both .cnf.xml and .cnf format configuration files for all
devices. When you set this service parameter to Build None, the TFTP server builds
only .cnf.xml files for all devices. When this parameter is set to Build Selective, which is the
default value, the TFTP server builds .cnf.xml files for all devices and, in addition, builds .cnf
files only for a select list of device types.

TFTP Process Overview for SCCP Devices

The TFTP server can handle simultaneous requests for configuration files. The request
process is as follows: When a device boots, it queries a DHCP server for its network
configuration information. The DHCP server responds with an IP address for the device, a
subnet mask, a default gateway, a Domain Name System (DNS) server address, and a TFTP
server name or address. Cisco Unified IP Phone 796X, for example, supports up to two
TFTP servers. If the primary TFTP server is not reached, such devices attempt to reach the
fallback TFTP server. The device requests a configuration file from the TFTP server. The
TFTP server searches three internal caches, the disk, and then alternate Cisco file servers (if
specified) for the configuration file. If the TFTP server finds the configuration file, it sends it
to the device. If the configuration file provides Cisco Unified Communications Manager
names, the device resolves the name by using DNS and opens a connection to the Cisco
Unified Communications Manager. If the device does not receive an IP address or name, it
uses the TFTP server name or IP address for setting up its registration connection.
If the TFTP server cannot find the configuration file, it sends a message to the device.

"file not found"

Devices that are requesting a configuration file while the TFTP server is rebuilding
configuration files or while processing the maximum number of requests, receive a message
from the TFTP server, which causes the device to request the configuration file later. The
Maximum Serving Count service parameter, which can be configured, specifies 200 as the
maximum number of requests.

30

www.ccbootcamp.com Toll Free 1.877.654.2243 [email protected]

Copyright ©2010, Network Learning, Incorporated
 For questions: www.voiceie.com
v.w.wb.10.10ds.r10.10.18.doc

TFTP Process Overview for Cisco Unified IP Phones Using SIP

Unlike phones that are running SCCP, phones that are running SIP get all their
configurations from the TFTP server. From initial startup, the phone that is running SIP
contacts the configured TFTP server (either manually configured or configured through the
DHCP server) to get the configuration files; it then registers itself to its configured Cisco
Unified Communications Manager.

When the configuration of the phone that is running SIP gets changed, the Cisco Unified
Communications Manager database notifies the TFTP server to rebuild all the configuration
files or to rebuild selectively. The TFTP server retrieves information from the Cisco Unified
Communications Manager database and converts it into the proper output format, according
to the device type, and saves the output in TFTP cache. When the TFTP server gets a
request, it searches either the cache or Alternate File Server locations disk to serve the
requested configuration file or default files.

The TFTP support for phones that are running SIP builds and serves different formats of SIP
configuration files from the Cisco Unified Communications Manager database for the
following Cisco Unified IP Phones:
• Cisco Unified IP Phone 7970/71, 7961, 7941, 7911 (These phones share the same
SIP configuration file format).
• Cisco Unified IP Phone 7960, 7940 (These phones share the same SIP configuration
file format).
• Cisco Unified IP Phone 7905, 7912
• SIP dial plans on the preceding phones
• Softkey templates on the preceding phones

The TFTP server generates the following files from the Cisco Unified Communications
Manager database for configuration of phones that are running SIP:
• System wide default configuration files and per-device configuration files.

31

www.ccbootcamp.com Toll Free 1.877.654.2243 [email protected]

Copyright ©2010, Network Learning, Incorporated
 For questions: www.voiceie.com
v.w.wb.10.10ds.r10.10.18.doc

• List of system wide dial plans for Cisco Unified IP Phones 7970/71, 7960/61,
7940/41, and 7911.
• List of system wide softkey template files.

The system derives filenames from the MAC Address and Description fields in the Phone
Configuration window of Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration and the
device name field in the Cisco Unified Communications Manager database. The MAC address
uniquely identifies the phone.

Understanding How Devices Use DHCP and Cisco TFTP

1. Cisco IP phone obtains power from the switch

2. Cisco IP phone loads locally stored image
3. Switch provides VLAN information to Cisco IP phone using Cisco Discovery Protocol
4. Phone sends DHCP request; receives IP information and TFTP server address
5. Cisco IP phone gets configuration from TFTP server
6. Cisco IP phone registers with Cisco Unified Communications Manager server, Unified
CM sends softkey template to SCCP phone using SCCP messages.

32

www.ccbootcamp.com Toll Free 1.877.654.2243 [email protected]

Copyright ©2010, Network Learning, Incorporated
 For questions: www.voiceie.com
v.w.wb.10.10ds.r10.10.18.doc

Cisco telephony devices require IP addresses that are assigned manually or by using DHCP.
Devices also require access to a TFTP server that contains device loads and device
configuration files.

Obtaining an IP Address
If DHCP is enabled on a device, DHCP automatically assigns IP addresses to the device
when you connect it to the network. The DHCP server directs the device to a TFTP server (or
to a second TFTP server, if available for the device). For example, you can connect multiple
Cisco Unified IP Phones anywhere on the IP network, and DHCP automatically assigns IP
addresses to them and provides them with the path to the appropriate TFTP server.
If DHCP is not enabled on a device, you must assign it an IP address and configure the TFTP
server locally on the device.

The default DHCP setting varies depending on the device:

• Cisco Unified IP Phones stay DHCP-enabled by default. If you are not using DHCP,
you need to disable DHCP on the phone and manually assign it an IP address.
• DHCP always remains enabled for Cisco Access Analog and Cisco Access Digital
Gateways.

Requesting the Configuration File

After a device obtains an IP address (through DHCP or manual assignment), it requests a
configuration file from the TFTP server. If a device has been manually added into the Cisco
Unified Communications Manager database, the device accesses a configuration file that
corresponds to its device name. If a phone is not manually configured and auto-registration
is enabled, the phone requests a default configuration file from the TFTP server and starts
the auto-registration procedure with Cisco Unified Communications Manager. If a phone
has an XML-compatible load, it requests a .cnf.xml format configuration file; otherwise, it
requests a .cnf file.

33

www.ccbootcamp.com Toll Free 1.877.654.2243 [email protected]

Copyright ©2010, Network Learning, Incorporated
 For questions: www.voiceie.com
v.w.wb.10.10ds.r10.10.18.doc

Contacting Cisco Unified Communications Manager

After obtaining the configuration file from the TFTP server, a device attempts to make a TCP
connection to the highest priority Cisco Unified Communications Manager in the list that is
specified in the configuration file. If the device was manually added to the database, Cisco
Unified Communications Manager identifies the device. If auto-registration is enabled in
Cisco Unified Communications Manager, phones that were not manually added to the
database, attempt to auto-register in the Cisco Unified Communications Manager database.
Cisco Unified Communications Manager informs devices that are using .cnf format
configuration files of their load ID. Devices that are using .xml format configuration files
receive the load ID in the configuration file. If the device load ID differs from the load ID
that is currently executing on the device, the device requests the load that is associated
with the new load ID from the TFTP server and resets itself. A phone gets the Ring Tones
list after it performs its booting process, when the user wants to modify the Default Phone
Ring setting, and when the user loads new ring tones.

34

www.ccbootcamp.com Toll Free 1.877.654.2243 [email protected]

Copyright ©2010, Network Learning, Incorporated
 For questions: www.voiceie.com
v.w.wb.10.10ds.r10.10.18.doc

NTP
Date and Time are important for devices within a Cisco Unified Communications Cluster and
all of the applications servers used as well; Cisco Unity Connection, Cisco Unified Presence,
etc. Network devices as well as servers may require time synchronization and replication of
data within a database cluster to have specific time stamps.

Network Time Protocol (NTP) is a protocol for synchronizing the clocks of systems within an
IP network. NTP has a hierarchical organization using clock strata. Stratum 0 is an
extremely precise clock source, such as an atomic clock or a radio clock. A stratum 1 server
is directly connected to a stratum 0 clock and can provide time information to other devices,
which themselves can serve stratum 3 devices.

The use of NTP on all devices ensures that they all have synchronized clocks. The Publisher
sends NTP request to an external NTP server and the subscribers always synchronize their
time with the publisher. The configuration of an external NTP server is not mandatory. If no
NTP server is configured, the publisher relies on its own system time. NTP can be enabled
and configured during installation or after installation. To configure NTP after installation
you make the changes with Cisco Unified Communication Manager OS Administration.
Settings-> NTP Servers.

35

www.ccbootcamp.com Toll Free 1.877.654.2243 [email protected]

Copyright ©2010, Network Learning, Incorporated
 For questions: www.voiceie.com
v.w.wb.10.10ds.r10.10.18.doc

System time is important within CUCM cluster. The following items depend upon an
accurate clock being set and synchronized:
• Cisco IP Phone display date and time information
• Call Detail Records and Call Management Record (CDR and CMR)
• Alarms and event logs and Trace Files information for Troubleshooting
• Some Cisco Unified Communications Manager Features are date or time-based and
therefore rely on having the correct date and time. Time-of-day routing and
certificate-based security features

To ensure that all network devices have the correct date and time it is recommended that
all network devices use NTP for time synchronization. The master reference clock should be
a stratum 1 NTP server.

SCCP Phones
SCCP phones obtain date and time information from the Cisco Unified Communications
Manager. The Date/Time Group value, which is configured at the phones device pool, is
considered to allow phones deployed at different time zones to display the local time only,
not sync their time.

SIP Phones
SIP phones on the other hand must obtain their time from one or more configured NTP
references. These references are added to the Date/Time group and are therefore applied to
the phone via the device pool. The NTP reference is applicable only to SIP phones. If a SIP
Phone doesn’t have a NTP reference configured, or none of the configured servers are
reachable, the SIP phone obtains time information from the SIP signaling message received
from CUCM. It extracts the time from the time stamp of the 200 OK messages it receives.

36

www.ccbootcamp.com Toll Free 1.877.654.2243 [email protected]

Copyright ©2010, Network Learning, Incorporated
 For questions: www.voiceie.com
v.w.wb.10.10ds.r10.10.18.doc

NTP for Network Devices

For network devices with a Cisco Unified Communications cluster, IOS devices can act as
NTP servers or clients. They can transmit either unicast or broadcast messages to server or
clients.

The Cisco IOS implementation of NTP supports additional features such as authentication
and access restrictions. If a Cisco IOS device is configured as an NTP server, it can be used
as an external NTP server by the CUCM publisher. As stated in the previous section for
CUCM NTP, subscribers always synchronize their time from the publisher. An external NTP
server can be configured only at the publisher server, not on any other nodes within the
cluster.

To configure an IOS device as a NTP server, the following commands must be entered on
the device.
Router (config) #ntp master 2
! configures router as an NTP source
Router (config)#ntp source loopback 0
! configures source interface for NTP
Router (config)#ntp server 10.1.200.229
! specifies the NTP Server

You should always configure your Cisco IOS devices within your environment with a NTP
reference. Also you should configure summer time range and date and time stamps for
debugging and logging.

Power over Ethernet

Power over Ethernet (PoE) allows the LAN switching infrastructure to provide power to an
endpoint ("powered device") over a copper Ethernet cable. This capability, once referred to
as "inline power," was originally developed by Cisco in 2000 to support emerging IP
telephony deployments.
IP telephones need power for operation, and Power over Ethernet supports scalable,
manageable power delivery and simplifies IP telephony deployments. As wireless
37

www.ccbootcamp.com Toll Free 1.877.654.2243 [email protected]

Copyright ©2010, Network Learning, Incorporated