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    Fluid Properties: Density, Specific Volume, Specific Weight, Specific Gravity, and Pressure

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    solidworm
    1) A fluid is defined as a substance that deforms continuously under shear stress. Fluids are categorized as ideal or real, Newtonian or non-Newtonian. Newtonian fluids have a linear relationship between stress and strain, while non-Newtonian fluids have a nonlinear relationship. 2) Key fluid properties include density, specific volume, specific weight, specific gravity, and pressure. Density is mass per unit volume. Specific volume is the reciprocal of density. Specific weight is weight per unit volume. Specific gravity compares a liquid's weight to that of an equal volume of water. Pressure is the ratio of force to area. 3) Vapor pressure is the pressure exerted by molecules escaping a liquid surface,

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    Fluid Properties: Density, Specific Volume, Specific Weight, Specific Gravity, and Pressure

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    solidworm
    54 views1 page
    1) A fluid is defined as a substance that deforms continuously under shear stress. Fluids are categorized as ideal or real, Newtonian or non-Newtonian. Newtonian fluids have a linear relationship between stress and strain, while non-Newtonian fluids have a nonlinear relationship. 2) Key fluid properties include density, specific volume, specific weight, specific gravity, and pressure. Density is mass per unit volume. Specific volume is the reciprocal of density. Specific weight is weight per unit volume. Specific gravity compares a liquid's weight to that of an equal volume of water. Pressure is the ratio of force to area. 3) Vapor pressure is the pressure exerted by molecules escaping a liquid surface,

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    1) A fluid is defined as a substance that deforms continuously under shear stress. Fluids are categorized as ideal or real, Newtonian or non-Newtonian. Newtonian fluids have a linear relationship between stress and strain, while non-Newtonian fluids have a nonlinear relationship. 2) Key fluid properties include density, specific volume, specific weight, specific gravity, and pressure. Density is mass per unit volume. Specific volume is the reciprocal of density. Specific weight is weight per unit volume. Specific gravity compares a liquid's weight to that of an equal volume of water. Pressure is the ratio of force to area. 3) Vapor pressure is the pressure exerted by molecules escaping a liquid surface,

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    54 views1 page

    Fluid Properties: Density, Specific Volume, Specific Weight, Specific Gravity, and Pressure

    Uploaded by

    solidworm
    1) A fluid is defined as a substance that deforms continuously under shear stress. Fluids are categorized as ideal or real, Newtonian or non-Newtonian. Newtonian fluids have a linear relationship between stress and strain, while non-Newtonian fluids have a nonlinear relationship. 2) Key fluid properties include density, specific volume, specific weight, specific gravity, and pressure. Density is mass per unit volume. Specific volume is the reciprocal of density. Specific weight is weight per unit volume. Specific gravity compares a liquid's weight to that of an equal volume of water. Pressure is the ratio of force to area. 3) Vapor pressure is the pressure exerted by molecules escaping a liquid surface,

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    2 Rules of Thumb for Mechanical Engineers

    FLUID PROPERTIES
    Afluid is defined as a “substance that deforms contin- ear relationship between the applied shear stress and the
    uously when subjected to a shear stress” and is divided into resulting rate of deformation; but in a non-Newtonian
    two categories: ideal and real. A fluid that has zero vis- fluid, the relationship is nonlinear. Gases and thin liquids
    cosity, is incompressible,and has uniform velocity distri- are Newtonian, whereas thick, long-chained hydrocar-
    bution is called an idealfluid. Realfluids are called either bons are non-Newtonian.
    Newtonian or non-Newtonian. A Newtonian fluid has a lin-

    Density, Specific Volume, Specific Weight, Specific Gravity, and Pressure

    The density p is defined as mass per unit volume. In in- The specific gravity s of a liquid is the ratio of its
    consistent systems it is defined as lbdcft, and in consis- weight to the weight of an equal volume of water at stan-
    tent systems it is defined as slugs/cft. The density of a gas dard temperature and pressure. The s of petroleum
    can be found from the ideul gas law: products can be found from hydrometer readings using
    M I (American Petroleum Institute) scale.
    p = p/RT (1)
    where p is the absolute pressure, R is the gas constant, and The fluid pressure at a point is the ratio of normal
    T is the absolute temperature. force to area as the area approaches a small value. Its
    The density of a liquid is usually given as follows: unit is usually lbs/sq. in. (psi). It is also often measured
    The specific volume v, is the reciprocal of density: as the equivalent height h of a fluid column, through
    the relation:
    v, = l/p
    The specific weight y is the weight per unit volume:
    P=Yh
    Y= Pg

    Surface Tension

    Vapor Pressure

    Molecules that escape a liquid surface cause the evapo- of the temperature and increases with it. Boiling occurs
    ration process. The pressure exerted at the surface by these when the pressure above the liquid surface equals (or is less
    free molecules is called the vaporpressure. Because this is than) the vapor pressure of the liquid. This phenomenon,
    caused by the molecular activity which is a function of the which may sometimes occur in a fluid system network,
    temperature, the vapor pressure of a liquid also is a function causing the fluid to locally vaporize, is called cavitation.

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