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CHAP3

The document summarizes key concepts related to cell structure and function. It defines cells as the basic unit of life and outlines the main components of the cell membrane and cytoplasm. It then describes several important organelles and their functions, including the nucleus, mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and cytoskeleton. Finally, it discusses the two main phases of the cell life cycle: interphase and cell division through mitosis and meiosis.

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Caithlyn Kirthley
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42 views2 pages

CHAP3

The document summarizes key concepts related to cell structure and function. It defines cells as the basic unit of life and outlines the main components of the cell membrane and cytoplasm. It then describes several important organelles and their functions, including the nucleus, mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and cytoskeleton. Finally, it discusses the two main phases of the cell life cycle: interphase and cell division through mitosis and meiosis.

Uploaded by

Caithlyn Kirthley
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER 3  Solvent – liquid or gas

Cell – basic living unit of the body/life  Concentration gradient – diff. in


Cytology – study of cellular structures concentration of solute
Cell Physiology – study of cellular  Leak channels – allows ions to
function pass
Organelles – specialized structures  Gated channels - limit the
1. Cell Membrane (plasma) movement of ions
- separates internal organs from  Osmosis – diffusion of
external environment water/solvent
- encloses organelles w/in the cell  Osmotic pressure – force
- outer boundary required to prevent the
- fragile, transparent movement of water
- selective barrier: determines what  Hypnotic solution – cells swell
enters or leaves and can undergo lysis
- 2 phospholipids where proteins  Isotonic solution – neither swell
float. Chol.carbs. nor shrink
- - polar: hydrophilic, non:  Hypertonic solution - shrink
hydrophobic undergo crenation
2. Cytoplasm  Endocytosis – movement of
- surrounds nucleus material into cells by formation of
- contains: ORGANELLES & vesicle
CYTOSOL  Exocytosis – secretion of
3. Nucleus – contains genetic materials from cell by vesicle
material; ribosomal site
CELL MEMBRANE
 Extracellular – outside the cell ORGANELLES
 Intracellular – inside the cell  Ribosomes – site of protein
 Membrane channels –involved synthesis; 1 large 1 small
with the movement of subs  Rough ER reticulum – have
 Receptor Molecules – ribosomes attached; protein
intercellular communication synthesis
enables cell recognition  Smooth ER reticulum - lipid
 Selectively permeable – allows synthesis
substances to pass in or out  Nucleus
 Diffusion – solutes move from -nucleoli: RNA & protein
higher concentration to lower -envelope: 2 separate
 Solution – composed of membranes, nuclear pores
substance dissolved in liquid or -CHROMATIN: proteins &
gas DNA (hereditary material; control
 Solute – substance to be dissolve cell activities)
 Golgi Apparatus –closely 2. Cell division – formation of
packed membrane sacs, daughter cells from a single
collect/distributes lipids or parent cell
proteins a. Mitosis (PMAT) – growth
 Secretory Vesicles – and tissue repair; parent
membrane-bound sacs carry cell divides
subs from golgi  Prophase – CHROMATIN
 Lysosomes – break down CONDENSES (2;
phagocytized;MBS contain CHROMATIDS) at
ezymes centromers (s.r)
 Peroxisomes – break down  Metaphase –
fatty, amino; MBS contain chromosomes align
ezymes  Anaphase – chromatids
 Mitochondria – production of separate -> chromosome,
ATP; carry out aerobic two 46 reached opposite
respiration pole, cytoplasm begins to
 Cytoskeleton – supports divide
cytoplasm & organelles /  Telophase – two separate
movements; nuclei, chroms begin to
microtubules.filaments unravel and resemble
genetic material
 Centrioles- facilitate
chromosome movement;
b. Meiosis – sex cells
located in centrosome
 Cilia – move subs over
surface of cells
46 chromosomes -> 23 pairs
 Flagella – propel sperm cells,
22 autosomes; 1 pair of sex
longer than cilia
chromosomes
 Microvilli – increase surface
XX- FEMALE
area of cell, aid absorption
XY - MALE
CELL LIFE CYCLE
 Differentiation – sperms
2 PHASES
developed specialized structures
1. Interphase – non dividing; cells
and functions
spends most of it life cycle; DNA
 Apoptosis – programmed death
is replicated->2 new strands
of cells; regulates cells within
combined with 2 template strand
tissues
-> 2 complete sets of genetic
material -> dispersed chromatin
(thin threads)

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