G.R. No.

97381 25/07/2018, 8*19 PM

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Republic of the Philippines

EN BANC

G.R. No. 97381 November 5, 1992

BENIGNO V. MAGPALE, JR., petitioner,

MELO, J.:

Before Us is a petition for review on certiorari assailing Resolution No. 90-962 dated October 19, 1990 of
respondent Civil Service Commission (CSC). Said CSC resolution set aside and modified the decision dated
February 5, 1990 of the Merit System Protection Board in MSPB Case No. 449, which ordered the immediate
reinstatement in the service of herein petitioner Benigno V. Magpale, Jr., without loss of seniority rights and with
payment of back salaries and other emoluments to which he is entitled under the law.

The record shows that petitioner started his career in government as an employee in the Presidential Assistance on
Community Development in 1960. Fifteen years later, or in 1975, he transferred to the Philippine Ports Authority
(PPA) as Arrastre Superintendent. He was promoted to the position of Port Manager in 1977 of the Port
Management Unit (PMU), General Santos City. Then he was reassigned, in the same year to PPA-PMU, Tacloban
City where he likewise discharged the functions of Port Manager. On December 1, 1982, the PPA General Manager
designated Atty. William A. Enriquez as officer-in-charge of PPA-PMU, Tacloban City effective December 6, 1982.
On January 6, 1983, petitioner was ordered to immediately report to the Assistant General Manager (AGM) for
Operation, PPA, Manila, Petitioner reported at PPA Manila on the same date and performed the duties and functions
assigned to him.

In an Internal Control Department Report dated March 5, 1984, the PMU-Tacloban Inventory Committee and the
Commission on Audit (COA) stated that petitioner failed to account for equipment of PPA value at P65,542.25 and to
liquidate cash advances amounting to P130,069.61. He was found also to have incurred unauthorized absences
from May 25, 1984 to July 23, 1984.

On July 23, 1984, or nineteen months after he began reporting in Manila, a formal charge for Dishonesty, Pursuit of
Private Business without permission as required by Civil Service Rules and Regulations, Frequent and
Unauthorized Absences and Neglect of Duty was filed against petitioner. Based on said charges he was ordered
preventively suspended and has been out of service since then.

For almost four years the case remained unacted upon. The formal investigation and hearing resumed on
September 18, 1987.

On January 18, 1989 a Decision was rendered by the Secretary of the Department of Transportation and
Communication (DOTC), through its Administrative Action Board, finding petitioner guilty of Gross Negligence on
two counts: (a) for his failure to account for the forty-four (44) assorted units of equipment, among them a Sony
Betamax and a TV Camera, and (b) for failing to render the required liquidation of his cash advances amounting to
P44,877.00 for a period of four years. Petitioner was also found guilty of frequent and unauthorized absences.
Accordingly, he was meted the penalty of dismissal from the service with the corresponding accessory penalties.

When petitioner's motion for reconsideration of the aforesaid Decision was denied in the DOTC's Order of February
20, 1989, he appealed to the Merit System and Protection Board (MSPB) of respondent Civil Service Commission.

On February 5, 1990, the MSPB rendered a Decision reversing the Decision of the DOTC. The pertinent portion of

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the MSPB's Decision reads:

After a careful review of the record of the case, this Board found the appeal meritorious. Respondent
cannot be held liable for Gross Negligence for his alleged failure to account for several properties and
for failure to liquidate the cash advances he received as there was no showing that he has been
specifically required to do so either by law or regulation. The mere detail of respondent to PPA-Manila,
in the absence of an order requiring him to turn over and account for the funds and property received
for his office at PMU-Tacloban will not necessarily obligate him to make accounting for the same.

Moreover, Section 105, Chapter 5 of Presidential Decree 1445, otherwise known as "The Government
Auditing Code of the Philippines" measured the liability of an officer accountable for government
property only to the money value of said property. Though respondent is the person primarily liable for
these funds and property, he holds this liability jointly with the person who has the actual possession
thereof and who has the immediate responsibility for the safekeeping.

As to the charge relative to respondent's frequent unauthorized absences had been sufficiently and
convincingly explained, due to which the Board found him not at all guilty of the offense charged (sic).

IN VIEW THEREOF, the decision appealed from is hereby reversed. Respondent-Appellant Magpale
should immediately by reinstated in the service without loss of seniority rights and with payment of back
salaries and other emoluments to which he is entitled under the law. (pp. 31-32, Rollo.)

On March 1, 1990, PPA, through its General Manager, herein respondent Rogelio A Dayan, filed an appeal with the
Civil Service Field Office-PPA, and the latter office indorsed the appeal to respondent CSC in a letter dated March 5,
1990.

On March 5, 1990, petitioner requested the Secretary of the DOTC to direct the PPA to implement the MSPB
decision as it has become final and executory. Said request was reiterated in another letter also dated March 5,
1990 by petitioner to OIC Wilfredo M. Trinidad of the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Administration and Legal
Affairs, DOTC.

On March 13, 1990, petitioner filed with the MSPB a Motion for Implementation of the MSPB decision. This was
opposed by the PPA through its General Manager.

On April 27, 1990 petitioner filed with respondent CSC his comment to the appeal of the PPA contending that he is
not an accountable officer and is under no obligation to account for the property and equipment; that said property
and equipment were not received by him as custodian and he should not be held liable for the loss of the same; that
the said property and equipment were place in PPA-PMU Tacloban City which the herein petitioner left on October
8, 1982 and since then had lost control over them. Moreover, petitioner averred that as to the unliquidated cash
advances of P44,877.00, the same had long been liquidated. Finally, petitioner claimed that his failure to secure the
clearance for any possible property or financial obligation in PMU-Tacloban was due to the urgency of his transfer to
PPA-Manila and the absence of any order or demand to secure the clearance.

On May 29, 1990, the MSPB issued an Order for the immediate implementation of its February 5, 1990 Decision
ruling that:

Records further show that a copy of this Board's decision was received by the Office of the Honorable
Secretary, that Department, thru Mr. Frankie Tampus on February 6, 1990. Records finally show that as
of March 5, 1990, no motion for reconsideration of this Board's aforementioned decision has ever been
filed as evidenced by the certification of even date issued and signed by Director Adelaida C. Montero
of the Office for Central Personnel Records, this Commission. Hence, said decision has long become
final and executory. (p. 34, Rollo.)

On June 28, 1990, petitioner filed a Motion to Dismiss the appeal of PPA claiming that:

1. Appeal of PPA was filed out of time and that the CSC has no jurisdiction over it;

2. The PPA has not exhausted administrative remedies before appealing to the higher body, the CSC;

3. The MSPB decision has become final and therefore cannot be disturbed anymore.

(p. 22, Rollo.)

On October 19, 1990, respondent CSC rendered its now assailed Resolution No. 90-962, the pertinent portion of
which reads as follows:

The Commission thus holds respondent Magpale guilty of Gross Neglect of Duty on two (2) counts for

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the forty-four (44) equipments (sic) under his charge and to render an accounting for cash advances
amounting to P44,877.90. Accordingly, considering two mitigating circumstances of length of service
and first offense in favor of respondent, the commission hereby imposes a penalty of suspension for a
period of one (1) year against him. As he has been out of the service since 1984, the penalty is
deemed served and he should now be reinstated to his former position. This is, however, without
prejudice to any criminal or civil proceedings that the agency concerned or the COA may institute as
proper under the premises.

Finally, the decision of the MSPB exonerating the respondent Magpale for Gross Negligence is hereby
reversed. Corollarily, the order of payment of back salaries is hereby set aside. MSPB is likewise
reminded to be more circumspect on matters of this nature, especially as the instant case involves
accountability of public funds and property.

WHEREFORE, foregoing premises considered, the Commission finds respondent Benigno V. Magpale,
Jr., guilty of Gross Neglect of Duty on two (2) counts for failure to account for the forty-four (44)
equipments (sic) under his charge and to render an accounting for cash advance amounting to
P44,877.90. In view of the attendant mitigating circumstances of length of service and first offense in
favor of respondents and the Neglect of Duty to account for cash advance in the amount of P44,877.90
(second count) be appreciated as an aggravating circumstances, the penalty of suspension for one (1)
year shall be imposed against respondent. This shall be without prejudice to any criminal or civil
proceeding that PPA or COA may institute against respondent. Accordingly, the Decision and Order of
MSBP dated February 5, 1990 and May 29, 1990, respectively, are hereby set aside. (pp. 27-28, Rollo.)

Hence, the present recourse.

The petition alleges that respondent CSC, in issuing its Resolution No. 90-962, gravely abused its discretion
because:

1. The law did not authorize an appeal by the government from an adverse decision of the Merit
Systems Protection Board (MSBP);

2. Respondent PPA General Manager did not have the right or legal personality to appeal from the
MSPB decision;

3. Assuming that the appeal was available to respondent DAYAN, the same was filed out time after the
MSPB decision had long become final and executory. (pp. 6-7, Petition; pp. 7-8, Rollo.)

In support of this first contention, petitioner invokes Paragraph 2(a). Section 16, Chapter 3, Subtitle A, Title I, Book V
of Executive Order No. 292, otherwise known as the Administrative Code of 1987 which provides:

Sec. 16. Offices in the Commission. — The Commission shall have the following offices:

xxx xxx xxx

(2) The Merit Systems Protection Board composed of a Chairman and two (2) members
shall have the following functions:

(a) Hear and decide on appeal administrative cases involving officials and
employees of the Civil Service. Its decision shall be final except those
involving dismissal or separation from the service which may be appealed to
the Commission. (Emphasis supplied.)

claiming that since the MSBP decision was for dismissal or separation from the service, but reinstatement without
loss of seniority rights and with payment of back salaries, the said MSBP decision should be deemed final,
immediately executory and unappealable.

Petitioner next contends that assuming, for the sake of argument, that the decision of the MSBP was appealable,
respondent Dayan, even in his capacity as General Manager of the PPA, did not have the legal personality not the
right to appeal the decision of the MSBP, citing Paragraph 1, Section 49, Chapter 7, Subtitle A, Title I, Book V, of
Executive Order No. 292 and the case of Paredes vs. CSC, G.R. No. 88177, December 4, 1990, 192 SCRA 84.

Assuming further that the MSBP decision was appealable and that respondent Dayan had the legal personality to
appeal the MSBP decision, petitioner still contends that the appeal should not have been given due course by the
respondent CSC because the appeal was not filed with the proper disciplining office in accordance with same
Section 49 of Executive Order No. 292, which in this case, should be the DOTC, not with the CSC Field Office at the
PPA.

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On the merit of the petition, petitioner claims that assuming even further that an appeal lies from the MSBP decision,
that respondent Dayan had the legal personality or standing to institute the appeal that it was filed with the proper
office, still CSC Resolution 90-962 was rendered with grave abuse of discretion because petitioner cannot be
suspended for alleged failure to account for pieces of equipment and cash advances since this is not the neglect of
duty contemplated by Section 36 of Presidential Degree No. 807 or Section 46 of chapter in the Civil Service in
Executive Order 292. At most, petitioner can be held liable for the money value of the equipment and advances as
mandated by Section 105 of Presidential Decree No. 1445, the Government Auditing Code of the Philippines.

For its part, respondent CSC maintains —

First, that the finality of the MSPB decision in the disciplinary cases as stated in Section 16, Paragraph 2(a), Book V
of Executive Order No. 292, relied upon by petitioner, is modified by section 12, Paragraph 11, Book V, of the same
Executive Order No. 292, which reads:

Sec. 12. Powers and Functions. — The Commission shall have the following powers and functions:

xxx xxx xxx

(11) Hear and decide administrative case instituted by or bought directly or on appeal, including
contested appointments, and review decisions and actions of its offices and of the agencies attached to
it.

Furthermore, relevant provisions of Executive Order No 135 dated February 25, 1987 amending Section 19(b) of
Presidential Decree No. 807 and Section 8 of Presidential Decree No. 1409 state, thus:

WHEREAS, in the interest of justice, there is a need to confer upon the Civil Service Commission
jurisdiction over appeal in contested or provisional appointments and to make its decision thereon, as
well as in administrative disciplinary cases final and reviewable by the Supreme Court.

xxx xxx xxx

Relationship with the Civil Service Commission. –– The Commission shall hear and decide appeals
from other decisions of the Board provided that the decisions of the Commission shall be subject to
review on certiorari upon receipt of the copy thereof by the aggrieved part.

Thus, respondent CSC argues that it is deemed not to have lost its appellate jurisdiction over the decisions of the
MSPB in administrative disciplinary case.

Second, the case of Paredes vs. CSC is not applicable. Respondent Dayan appealed the MSPB decision not in his
personal capacity nor in pursuit in his private interest, but as head of PPA, being the general manager thereof.

Third, the appeal was filed with the proper disciplining office because the decision appealed from was that of the
MSPB, one of the offices in respondent CSC. Thus, respondent CSC was justified in giving due course to PPA's
notice of appeal filed with its (CSC) Field Office at the PPA.

Finally, petitioner's claim that he is liable only for the money value of the property and cash advances and cannot be
administratively charged for such infraction is untenable and a mockery of the civil service law. For his failure to
account for the property under his charge and to liquidate his cash advances, petitioner is guilty of Gross Neglect of
Duty and should have been dismissed from the service if no mitigating circumstances were considered in his favor.

We gave due course to the petition and required the parties to file their respective memoranda. After considering the
same and the pertinent laws and jurisprudence, We find that the petition must be granted.

After Mendez vs. Civil Service Commission, (204 SCRA 965 [1991]), the extent of the authority of respondent CSC
to review the decisions of the MSPB is now a settled matter.

The Court, in said case held:

It is axiomatic that the right to appeal is merely a statutory privilege and may be exercised
only in the manner and in accordance with the provisions of law. (Victorias Milling Co., Inc.
vs. Office of the Presidential Assistant for Legal Affairs, 153 SCRA 318).

A cursory reading of P.D. 807, otherwise known as "The Philippines Civil Service Law"
shows that said law does not contemplate a review of decisions exonerating officers or
employees from administrative charges.

Section 37 paragraph (a) thereof, provides:

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The Commission shall decide upon appeal all administrative disciplinary cases involving
the imposition of the penalty of suspension for more than thirty days, or fine in an amount
exceeding thirty day's salary, demotion in rank or salary or transfer, removal or dismissal
from office. . . . (Emphasis supplied) (p. 7. Rollo)

Said provisions must be read together with Section 39 paragraph (a) of P.D. 805 which contemplates:

Appeals, where allowable, shall be made by the party adversely affected by the decision .
. . (Emphasis supplied) (p. 104, Rollo)

The phrase "party adversely affective by the decision" refers to the government employees against
whom the administrative case is filed for the purpose of disciplinary action which may take the form of
suspension, demotion in rank or salary, transfer, removal or dismissal from office. In the instant case,
Coloyan who filed the appeal cannot be considered an aggrieved party because he is not the
respondent of the administrative case below.

Finally, pursuant to Section 37 paragraph (b) of P.D. 807, the city mayor, as head of the city
government, is empowered to enforce judgment with finality on lesser penalties like suspension from
work for one month and forfeiture of salary equivalent to one month against erring employees.

By inference or implication, the remedy of appeal may be availed of only in a case where the
respondent is found guilty of the charges filed against him. But the respondent is exonerated of said
charges, as in this case, there is no occasion on appeal. (pp. 967-968)

The above ruling is a reiteration of the earlier pronouncement in Paredes vs. Civil Service Commission, (192 SCRA
84 [1990]) cited by petitioner, where We said:

Based on the above provisions of law, appeal to the Civil Service Commission in an administrative case
is extended to the party adversely affected by the decision, that is, the person or the respondent
employee who has been meted out the penalty of suspension for more than thirty days; or fine in an
amount exceeding thirty days salary demotion in rank or salary or transfer, removal or dismissal from
office. The decision of the disciplining authority is even final and not appealable to the Civil Service
Commission in cases where the penalty imposed is suspension for not more than thirty days or fine in
an amount not exceeding thirty days salary. Appeal in cases allowed by law must be filed within fifteen
days from receipt of the decision.

Here the MSPB after hearing and the submission of memoranda exonerated private respondent Amor
of all charges except for habitual tardiness. The penalty was only a reprimand so that even private
respondent Amor, the party adversely affected by the decision, cannot even interpose an appeal to the
Civil Service Commission.

As correctly ruled by respondent, petitioner Paredes the complainant is not the part adversely affected
by the decision so that she has no legal personality to interpose an appeal to the Civil Service
Commission. In an administrative case, the complainant is a mere witness (Gonzalo vs. D. Roda, 64
SCRA 120). Even if she is the Head of the Administrative Services Department of the HSRC as a
complaint she is merely a witness for the government in an administrative case. No private interest is
involved in an administrative case as the offense is committed against the government. (pp. 98-99)

While it is true, as contended by respondent Civil Service Commission that under Section 12 (par. 11), Chapter 3,
Subtitle A, Book V of Executive Order 292, the CSC does have the power to —

Hear and decide administrative cases instituted by or brought before it directly or on appeal, including
contested appointments, and review decisions and actions of its offices and of the agencies attached to
it. . . .

the exercise of the power is qualified by and should be read together with the other sections of the same sub-title
and book of Executive Order 292, particularly Section 49 which prescribes the following requisites for the exercise of
the power of appeal, to wit:

(a) the decision must be appealable;

(b) the appeal must be made by the party adversely affected by the decision;

(c) the appeal must be made within fifteen days from receipt of the decision, unless a petition for the
reconsideration is seasonably filed; and

(d) the notice of appeal must be filed with the disciplining office, which shall forward the records of the

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case, together with the notice of appeal to the appellate authority within fifteen days from filing of the
notice of appeal, with its comments, if any.

Under Section 47 of the same Code, the CSC shall decide on appeal all administrative disciplinary cases involving
the imposition of:

(a) a penalty of suspension for more than thirty days; or

(b) fine in an amount exceeding thirty days salary; or

c) demotion in rank or salary or transfer; or

(d) removal or dismissal from office.

The February 5, 1990 decision of the MSPB did not involve dismissal or separation from office, rather, the decision
exonerated petitioner and ordered him reinstated to his former position. Consequently, in the light of our
pronouncements in the aforecited cases of Mendez v. Civil Service Commission and Paredes vs. Civil Service
Commission, the MSPB decision was not a proper subject of appeal to the CSC.

Settled is the rule that a tribunal, board, or officer exercising judicial functions acts without jurisdiction if no authority
has been conferred by law to hear and decide the case. (Acena v. Civil Service Commission, 193 SCRA 623
[1991]).

WHEREFORE, the decision of the Civil Service Commission is hereby ANNULLED and SET ASIDE and the
decision of the Merit Systems Protection Board dated February 5, 1990 is hereby REINSTATED.

SO ORDERED.

Gutierrez, Jr., Cruz, Feliciano, Padilla, Bidin, Griño-Aquino, Regalado, Davide, Jr., Romero, Nocon, Bellosillo and
Campos, Jr., JJ., concur.

Narvasa, C.J., and Medialdea, J., are on leave.

The Lawphil Project - Arellano Law Foundation

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