TECHNICAL ELECTIVE 2

CHAPTER 1

ROOFING MATERIALS
Roof Components
Galvanized Iron Sheet

The most common roofing material is the galvanized iron sheet popularly known as G.I. sheet. G.
I. sheet is either plain or corrugated. Plain galvanized iron sheet is used for roofing, gutter,
flushing, downspout, ridge, hip, and valley roll. Plain sheet standard commercial size is 90 x 240
centimeters long. Corrugated galvanized iron sheet on the other hand, is widely used for
roofing and sidings having standard width of 80 centimeters at consecutive intervals of 30
centimeters. Long span corrugated sheet are also available on special order.

(Corrugated G.I. Roof Sheet)

The thickness of galvanized iron sheet is measured in terms of Gauge Number from 14 to 30.
The sheet becomes thinner as gauge number becomes larger. Gauge 26 is the most extensively
used for roofing and various tin works and Gauge 24 is specified for gutters and valley rolls.

Distinguishing the difference in thickness between the consecutive gauges from 14 to 30 is so

difficult even with the aid of a caliper.

Gauge means thickness expressed in terms of hundredth of an inch and the only way by which
one could be certain that he is buying the right thickness of the sheet is by weight measure.
Table 6-1 was prepared to present the various weight of G.I. sheet according to its length and
gauge number.
 (Table 6-1)

Comment:

Before estimating the required number of corrugated roofing sheets, the following information
should be considered first.

1. Verify the plan if the side lapping is 1-1/2 or 2-1/2 corrugations.

2. If it is 1-1/2 corrugations, the effective width covering per sheet is 0.70 meters or 0.60 meters
for 2-1/2 corrugations.

3. The standard end-lapping joint is from 25 to 30 centimeters long. This is important in

determining the length of the sheet to be used.
(Lapping of G.I. Sheets)
4. Spacing of the purlins should be proportionally adjusted to the length of the G.I. sheets to
avoid unnecessary cutting or excessive overlapping. In short, the length of the roof sheet
governs the spacing distance of the purlins. For this purpose, refer to Table 6-2.

5. A good roofing design minimizes end lapping joint. Longer length of roofing sheet is preferred
for economic reasons.

Estimating G.I. Roof and its Accessories

(G.I. Washer)

(G.I. Nails)
 (G.I. Rivets)

(Anchor Strap)

1. Determine the length of the purlins along the gutter line. This is perpendicular with the roof
direction.

2. Divide this length by the effective width covering of one G.I. sheet using either 0.70m for 1-
1/2 corrugations or 0.60m for 2-1/2 corrugations. The result is the number of sheets for one row.

3. Determine the length of the rafter or top chord. Choose the right combination of roofing
sheets that will satisfy this length considering the 25 to 30 centimeters standard end lapping.

4. Multiply the result found in step – 2 by each length of sheet combination as found in step – 3.

5. Determine the number of G.I. nails or rivets and washers in kilograms using Table 6-2 and 6-3.
6. Take note that the number of plain anchor strap and lead washer is the same as the quantity
of rivets.

7. Find the number of plain G.I. sheets required for anchor strap with the aid of Table 6-4.

EXAMPLES

1. From the following figure, find the G.I. roof sheets and the umbrella nails required adopting 2-
1/2 side corrugations and 30 centimeters end lapping on a 2’’ x 3’’ purlins.

alibra 

a i b 㷟 h ࢍ b࢚

晦䁝 晦 t晦 t t 晦 ܽ ܾ
h 晦晦晦 ܽ எ 

ࢎ ࢋࢋࢋ
tࢋ r ࢚
ࢋ ࢋࢋ
 ܾ t 晦ܽt 晦 䁝 晦 ܽ 䁝 ܽ t 䁝

ܽ 䁝 晦 t t 晦 ܽ ܾ
tஎ 䁝晦ܾ ‫ܾ݅ݐ‬ ܾ ݅ 晦 晦ܾ t ‫ݐ‬

tࢋ ࢚t 㷟 tࢋ ࢚t a i b 㷟 aa ࢚ࢍ b࢚

ܽ ܽ ܾ݅ t 晦 t 晦 晦 எ 晦 ܾ 晦ܽ ݅ t 晦 t

tࢋ ࢋ r ࢚ bt ࢋࢋ la 㷟

tࢋ ࢋ r ࢚ b hࢋ ࢋ la

ࢋl ll rl࢚

晦䁝 晦䁝 晦 t 晦䁝 晦 ܾܾܽ ܽ ܾ t 晦 t ܽ t 晦 t

t 晦 ܽ ܾ எ 䁝晦ܾ ‫ܾ݅ݐ‬

ࢋ ࢚a b 䀀 ࢋ r ࢚

ࢋ ࢚a b t ࢋ r ࢚

ab l 䀀 ࢋ t ࢋ ࢎࢎࢋ r ࢚

晦 ܾ 晦ܽ䁝 t 晦 ܽ ܾ எ 

ࢎࢎࢋ r ࢚
h rla ࢋ࢚
ࢋ
2. From Figure 6-5, find the number of roof sheets, nails, and lead washers if the plan specify 2-
1/2 side lap corrugations.

alibra 

a i b 㷟 h ࢍ b

晦䁝 晦䁝 晦 t晦 t 晦 ܾܽ 䁝 晦 晦

t 晦 ܽ ܾ எ 

ࢋࢋ
䀀࢚ h r ࢚
ࢋ ࢋࢋ

t 晦ܽt 晦 h 䁝 晦 t 晦ܽ 䁝 ܽ t 晦

ܽ ܽ

ܽ h 晦

ܽ tܾ

tܽ 䁝 ܽ t ܽ ‫ݐ‬晦 t 晦晦 எ எ 晦 晦 ܾܾ 

hh r ࢚t ࢋ 㷟

hh r ࢚t h
 aa rl࢚ 㷟 㷟 ࢚ࢍ ࢚

ܾ t 晦 晦䁝 晦 t晦 t ܾܽ t 晦 ܽ ܾ

a t ࢋࢋࢋ ࢋ la aa ࢚ࢍ b hh ࢎ ࢚

a ࢋࢋ h la aa ࢚ࢍ b hh ࢎ h ࢚

ab l aa rl࢚ h ࢋ ࢚

晦 ܾ 晦ܽ䁝 t 晦 ܽ ܾ எ 

h ࢋ ࢚
h h ࢚ h 䀀 rla ࢋ࢚ a aa rl࢚
ࢋ
h ࢋ ࢚
t h ࢚ h h rla ࢋ࢚ a l 㷟 ࢚ࢍ ࢚
h䀀
3. From Figure 6-6, find the number of corrugated roof sheets, rivets, washers, lead washers,
including the plain G.I. straps required if the plan specify 2-1/2 side lap corrugations and 0.30m
end lapping on a 2’’ x 4’’ purlins.

alibra 

aa r ࢍ b࢚

晦䁝 晦 t晦 t ܾܽ h 䁝 晦 晦 晦

t 晦 ܽ ܾ எt 晦 h ܾܽ‫ݐݐ‬ எ 

ࢎ ࢋࢋࢋ
tࢋ r ࢚
ࢋ ࢋࢋ

晦䁝 ܾ t 晦ܽt 晦 晦ܽ 䁝 晦 ܾ 晦ܽt 晦எ 晦݅ ܽ 䁝 ܽ t 䁝

ܽ 䁝 ܾ t 晦 ܽ ܾ t.

tࢋ r ࢚a t la 㷟

tࢋ r ࢚a t la
 ܽ ܽ ܽ 晦ܽ ܽ晦 ܾ݅ t 晦 t 晦 t

ܾ晦 晦 எ 晦 ܾ 晦ܽ ݅.

tࢋ ࢋ ࢚ b la 㷟

tࢋ ࢋ ࢚ b la

晦 ܽ 晦 t ܽ ‫ݐݐ‬ ݅‫ ݐ‬எ ܽ ܽ 晦 ܽ ܽ எ

எ ‫ݐ‬晦 ܽ ܽ ܾܽ ܾܾܽ ܽ tt t ܽ ܾ t ‫ݐ‬ t 晦 ܽ

t ܽ ܾ t 晦 ܾܽ 晦 ܽ ㌳ ܽ 晦 晦 எ

ࢋ ࢋ ࢋ ࢚ 䀀 r ࢚a

t 晦 晦

࢚t 㷟 ࢋ ࢚t b la

h r䁣 b࢚

晦䁝 晦 t晦 t 晦 ܽ ܾ ʹ䁝晦ܾ ‫ܾ݅ݐ‬

a b ࢚ࢍ b ࢋ 䀀 ࢋ ࢚

a b ࢚ࢍ b ࢋ t ࢋ ࢚

ab l 䀀 ࢋ t ࢋ ࢎࢎࢋ ࢚

晦 ܾ 晦ܽ䁝 t 晦 ܽ ܾ

ࢎࢎࢋ ࢚
rla ࢋ࢚
ࢎࢋ

h 㷟 㷟 ࢚ࢍ ࢚

晦 ܽ 晦 எ 晦 ܾ 晦䁝 晦 t晦 
 ࢎࢎࢋ 䀀h ࢋ ࢚

t 晦 ܽ ܾ எ 

䀀h ࢋ ࢚
h䀀 h ࢚ h h rla ࢋ࢚

ܽ ܽ 晦 ܽ䁝 晦䁝 晦ܽ 晦 t 晦 ܽ ܾ ʹ 

ࢎࢎࢋ ࢚
tࢎ 䀀 ࢚ h t rla ࢋ࢚
h䀀

l r h ࢍa b

t 晦 ܽ ܾ h t 晦ܽ‫ݐ‬ ܽ ㌳ ‫ݐ‬晦晦ܾ ㌳

晦䁝 晦 t 晦ܽ‫ݐ‬ hh 晦ܾܽ 晦䁝 晦 t晦 晦䁝 晦 t ‫ܾܽݐ‬

‫ݐ‬晦 晦 hh ܽ 晦 晦ܽ‫ݐ‬ t 晦 ܽ ܾ 

ࢎࢎࢋ ࢚
ࢎh ࢚ h ࢚t ࢎ l r h ࢚ࢍ b
th

䁝䁝 晦 ܾܽ tܽ ܽ 晦 晦ܽ‫ݐ‬

ࢎࢎࢋ ࢚ t rl࢚ ࢚b ࢎ hࢋ ࢚

晦 ܾ 晦ܽ䁝 ܾ t எ 䁝䁝 ܾܽ ܽ‫ݐݐ‬晦 ㌳ 䁝ܽ ܾ݅ t‫ݐ‬ 

ࢎ hࢋ ࢚
ht ࢚ h 䀀 ࢚ h㷟 rl
䀀
 iࢋࢋ ha b r l࢚

࢚t a i b 㷟 h ࢚ࢍ b

ࢋ ࢚t a i b 㷟 h ࢚ࢍ b

࢚t ࢎ l r h ࢚ࢍ b

࢚ h r䁣 b࢚

t ࢚ h ࢚ࢍ ࢚

䀀 ࢚ h㷟 aࢋࢋa r rl࢚

Comment:

The estimating procedure for a hipped roof is the same as that of the lean-to or gable type
roofing considering the effective covering of one sheet as constant divisor.

However, little variations might occur in actual tinsmith work such as:

1. Errors might be committed in cutting and or lapping of the roof sheets.

2. If the hipped is not patterned at 45 degrees, extra cut of the G.I. roofing sheet is inevitable.

3. Under any of the preceding circumstances, an allowance of 5% to 10% is satisfactory.

4. From figure 6-3, find the number of corrugated G.I. roof sheets and its accessories required if
the side lapping specify 1-1/2 corrugations with 30 cm end lapping on a 2’’ x 3’’ purlins.

alibra 

a i b 㷟 h ࢍ b

ܾ t 晦 晦 ݅ tt 晦 t

t 晦 ܽ ܾ 晦 晦 h 晦晦晦 ܽ ܾܽ晦 䁝எ 

h ࢋࢋࢋ
ࢋ ࢚ࢍ b࢚ r a a
ࢋ hࢋࢋ

ܾ t 晦ܽt 晦 䁝எܽ 䁝 ܽ t 䁝ܽ 䁝ܾ

晦 t ܽ t

晦 晦 ㌳ 晦晦晦 ܽ ܽ

㌳ 晦晦晦 ܽ

r䁣 b࢚

t 晦 ܽ ܾ 晦ܽ t ܽ t ܾ 晦 t எ 䁝晦ܾ ‫ܾ݅ݐ‬
 a b la  ࢋ 䀀 ࢋ r ࢚

a b la  ࢋ hhࢋ r ࢚

ab l r䁣 b࢚ 䀀 ࢋ hhࢋ ࢋ r ࢚

晦 ܾ 晦ܽ䁝 t 晦 ܽ ܾ ʹ 

ࢋ r ࢚
䀀 t ࢚ h 䀀 䀀 rla ࢋ࢚
ࢎࢋ

h ࢍ࢚

晦 ܾ 晦䁝 晦 t晦

ࢋ r ࢚ ࢋ r ࢚

晦 ܾ 晦ܽ䁝 t 晦 ܽ ܾ எt 晦 ܽ 晦 எ 

ࢋ r ࢚
䀀 h rla ࢋ࢚
ࢎ

l r h b a t i lr ࢚

ܾܽ 晦䁝 晦 t晦 ‫ݐ‬

t 晦 ܽ ܾ ܽ ㌳ ‫ݐ‬晦晦ܾ எ 

ࢋ r ࢚
䀀 r ࢚ l r h ࢚ࢍ b࢚
tࢎh

㷟 ࢚ࢍ ࢚

晦䁝 晦 t晦 ܽ䁝 ܽ ܾ ܽ ܽ 晦 ‫ݐ‬

t 晦 ܽ ܾ 晦ܾ ܽ ܽ 晦 எ 
ࢋ r ࢚
h ܽ݅ ܾ 晦ܽ䁝
h䀀

iࢋࢋ h a bࢍ b r l࢚

‫ݐ‬ ㌳ 晦晦晦 ܽ

‫ݐ‬ ㌳ 晦晦晦 ܽ

tt 晦

tt ܽ 晦

ܾ ܽ ܽ 晦

t‫ݐ‬ ‫ܾܽݐ‬