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Tem-515: Statistical Analyses With Computer Application: Department of Transportation Engineering and Management

This document provides an overview of a course on statistical analyses using computer applications. The course aims to aid understanding of statistics, introduce SPSS software, demonstrate practical techniques, and allow for questions. It will cover descriptive and inferential statistics, populations versus samples, variables, and the basic steps for statistical analysis in SPSS including defining variables and entering data.

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ZC47
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57 views23 pages

Tem-515: Statistical Analyses With Computer Application: Department of Transportation Engineering and Management

This document provides an overview of a course on statistical analyses using computer applications. The course aims to aid understanding of statistics, introduce SPSS software, demonstrate practical techniques, and allow for questions. It will cover descriptive and inferential statistics, populations versus samples, variables, and the basic steps for statistical analysis in SPSS including defining variables and entering data.

Uploaded by

ZC47
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TEM-515: STATISTICAL ANALYSES WITH COMPUTER

APPLICATION

Department of Transportation Engineering and Management


University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore

1
AIMS
• An aid to your understanding
• Introduction to SPSS
• Demonstrate practical use of techniques
• Chance for Q&A
• Assignments
Reading
Chaudhry, S. M., & Kamal, S. (2011). Introduction to
statistical theory. Ilmi Kithab Khana.

Wheeler, D., Shaw, G., & Barr, S. (2013). Statistical


techniques in geographical analysis. Routledge.

Statistical Methods for the Social Sciences, Agresti &


Finlay, 4th edition.
Part-1
So what is statistics? (and why is it so cool?)
The study of the methods for obtaining, organizing, analyzing, and
interpreting data.
Why bother? Principles provide a framework for
•Collecting data and the design of experiments and observational studies
(Design)
•Describing and summarizing data (Description)
•Drawing inferences about populations as a whole and predicting future
events (Inference)

Short story: Statistics is the science of using data to prove a point (and
hopefully forming a correct conclusion).
Descriptive & Inferential
statistics
Descriptive statistics:
summarize the data in the actual sample of data.
Descriptive statistics are ways of summarizing large sets of quantitative
(numerical) information. If you have a large number of measurements,
the best thing you can do is to make a graph with all the possible scores
along the bottom (x axis), and the number of times you came across that
score recorded vertically (y axis) in the form of a bar.
Inferential statistics:
provide predictions or generalizations about the population based on the
data we collected in the sample.
Population Vs Sample
A population or a statistical population is a collection or set of all
possible observations whether finite or infinite, relevant to some
characteristic of interest.
Heights of all college students
Size of population (N): Number of observations in a finite population
Parameters –Numerical quantities describing a population

A sample is a subset of people, items, or events from a larger


population that you collect and analyze to make inferences. To represent
the population well, a sample should be randomly collected and adequately
large.
Size of sample (n): Number of observations included in a sample
Statistic- Numerical quantity computed from a sample
A parameter is a characteristic of a population. A statistic is a characteristic of a
sample. Inferential statistics enables you to make an educated guess about a
population parameter based on a statistic computed from a sample randomly drawn
from that population.
Variables
Variable: Any characteristic that takes different values for different
individuals in a sample or population. ( age is variable as it varies from
person to person)
Two major Types of variables: categorical and quantitative
•A categorical variable is a variable that can take on a few different
values (categories) when measured. Sometimes called qualitative
variables. (education, gender, eye colour)
•A quantitative variable is a variable that is measured on a numerical
scale covering a large range of values. (age, weight, income, or no of
children)
Measurement scale: the type of measurements that the values of a
variable take. 3 kinds: nominal, ordinal, and interval.
Example: To represent a gender, we could define a dummy variable named
female, which would be 1 for all women, and 0 for all men:
Part-1
Any Questions
This week (SPSS)
• Introduction to SPSS
• Finding and starting SPSS
• The data editor
• Defining variables
• Data entry
• Simple scatter graphs
• Calculation of correlation coefficient
Introduction to SPSS
• Statistical Package for the Social Sciences
• A tool for statistical analysis and data management
• Generates descriptive statistics, reports, graphs and plots
• Windows type interface (user friendly?)
• On line tutorial and help facility
• Interfaces with Word and Excel
Basic steps in analysis
The Data Editor
• SPSS front end
• View, input and manipulate data
• Spreadsheet type display
• Two views - data view and variable view
• Variable view - Used to describe
variables and data
• Data view - used to input and view data
Entering data into SPSS
• Data may be entered directly, loaded
from an SPSS data file or imported from
a spreadsheet e.g. Excel
• Each column represents a variable e.g.
vehicle speed, engine size etc
• Each row represents a unit of analysis
or case e.g. first car, second car etc
Variable view

• 10 characteristics: Name, Type, Width,


Decimals, Label, Values, Missing,
Columns, Align and Measure
Characteristics
• Name - variable name
• Type - data type e.g. numeric, date, text
• Width - number of digits or characters
• Decimals - number of digits after decimal point
• Label - description used on charts and graphs
• Values - Descriptive labels applied to values
• Missing - tells SPSS how to treat missing values
• Columns - column width in data view
• Align - left, right or centre alignment
• Measure - scale, ordinal or nominal data
Data view

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