Concept Notes: Set - Is Described As Well-Defined Collections or Group of Objects

Day 1
NOTRE DAME OF JARO

Jaro, Leyte
Learning Plan for Mathematics

7 - (BGD & BGM)
Activity Title: Sets

Learning Target: To introduce and understand basic concept of sets.
Reference Title: Our World of Math-7
Author: Ricardo M. Crisostomo, et al. Pages: 3 – 6
Concept Notes
Set – is described as well-defined collections or group of objects.
Ex. 1. A family of plants,
2. A set of mathematics books in a library.
Describing Sets
1. Roster Method
- listing the elements of a set.
Ex. If a set A contains the letters a, b, c, d and e, then we write the set as A= {a, b, c, d, e}.
Ex. B= {2, 4, 6, 8} read as set B contains the elements of 2, 4, 6, 8 or the set of even numbers starting
from 2 to 8.
2. Rule Method (Set-builder Notation)
- A description of the elements of the set is specifically written.
Ex. A= {x|x is one of the first five letters of the English alphabet}
Ex. B= {x/ x is a set of even numbers}. It is read as, “for all x such that x is the set of even numbers”.
Symbols
∈ - indicate that an object is an element or a member of the set.
∉- indicate that an object is not an element of the set.
⊆- Subset
∅ Or { } – null set or empty set
Subset of a Set
- The set X is a subset of the set Y, written as X⊆Y, if every element of X is an element of Y. If Y has at
least one element that is not in X, then X is called a proper subset of Y.
Example: Y= {a, b, c, d, e}
X= {a, c, e}.
Equality of Sets
- Two sets X and Y are equal, written X=Y, if X⊆Y and Y⊆X; that is, the two sets have exactly the same
elements.
Example: Y= {a, b, c, d, e} therefore, X=Y
X= {a, b, c, d, e}.
Disjoint Sets
- Two sets are disjoint if they have no elements in common.
X= {f, g, h}
Equivalent Sets
- Two sets are equivalent if they have the same number of elements. Equal sets also can be an
equivalent sets.
X= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}.
Z= {f, g, h, I, k}.
Types of Set
1. Finite Set – it is a set having a fixed number of elements. It means the number of elements in a set
can be counted.
Example: A= {a, b, c, d, e}.
2. Infinite Set – a set without a fixed number of elements. It means the number of elements in a set
cannot be counted.
Example: B= {a, b, c, d, e,…}
Exercise
A. Directions: If K = {3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10}, L = {4, 7, 9} and M = {4, 7, 10}, determine whether each of the
following statement is true or false. Explain your answer.
1. 7 ∈ K
2. 8 ∈ L
3. 10 ⊆M
4. L = M
5. L ∈ K
6. M ⊆ K
7. L ⊆ M
8. K is a finite set
9. L and M are disjoint sets.
10. L is a proper subset of K.
B. Directions: Use the roster method and the set builder notation to specify the following sets.
1. The set of counting numbers from 1- 10
2. The set of vowels in English alphabet
3. The set of counting numbers divisible by 3 and less than 19
4. The set of factors of 12
5. The set of letters in the word “CALCULATORS”.
C. Directions: Give examples of two sets A and B that satisfy the given condition
1. A and B are disjoint
2. A and B are equivalent
3. A and B are subsets
Day 2
NOTRE DAME OF JARO
Jaro, Leyte
Learning Plan for Math–7 (BD & BM)
Activity Title: Sets

Learning Target: To introduce and understand basic concept of sets.
Quiz
A. Use the roster method and the set-builder notation to specify the following sets. Then give its
cardinalities.
1. The set of counting numbers from 1 to 10

2. The set of vowels in the English alphabet
3. The set of counting numbers divisible by 3 and less than 19
4. The set of factors of 12
5. The set of consonants in the word “ALGEBRA”
6. The set of months in the year that begins with letter B
7. The set of letters in the word “CALCULATORS”
B. Which of the sets containing the following elements are finite? Which are infinite? If it is finite, give
its cardinality.
8. The counting numbers less than 30

9. The counting numbers greater then 30
10. The female presidents of the Philippines
11. The letters in the English Alphabet
12. The points on a given line
13. The solutions to the equation 2x + 3 = 0
14. The cities in Metro Manila
15. The circles passing through a point
Day 2
Concept Notes
Set Union
- The union of sets A and B, written as A ∪ B and read as “A union B”, is the set of elements that
belong to either A or B, or to both.
The set A ∪B is formed by putting together all the elements of A and B.
For example, if
A = {a, n, e, t}
B = {p, o, n, y}
Then,
A ∪ B = {a, n, e, t, p, o, n, y}
Set Intersection
- The intersection of sets A and B, written A ∩ B and read as “A intersection B”, is formed by
getting the elements that are common to both A and B.
The set A ∩ B is formed by getting the elements that are common to both A and B.
For example, if
A = {3, 6, 9, 12}
B = {3, 9, 27}
C = {2, 4, 8}
Then,
A ∩ B = {3, 9} since 3 and 9 are in both sides.
A ∩C =∅, since there are no elements common to both A and C.
Universal Set and Set Complement

- The universal set is the set consisting all the elements under consideration. The complement of a
set A, written as A’ and read as “A complement”, is the set of elements in the universal set U that
do not belong to set A.
If U = {p, q, r, s, t} and A= {q, s}, then A’ = {p, r, t}.
Cartesian product
- The Cartesian product of two sets A and B, written as A × B, is the set of all ordered pairs (a, b),
where a is an element of set A and B is an element of set B.
For example, if
A = {m, n, k}
B = {4, 7},
Then,
A × B = {(m, 4), (m, 7), (n, 4), (n, 7), (k, 4), (k, 7)},
While,
B × A = {(4, m), (4, n), (4, k), (7, m), (7, n), (7, k)}.
Exercise
If A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}, B = {1, 2, 3, 6, 7}, and C= {1, 3, 6, 8}, find each of the following sets.
1. A ∪C
2. A ∩C
3. B× C
4. A∪A
Day 4
NOTRE DAME OF JARO
Jaro, Leyte
Learning Plan for Math–7 (BD & BM)
Activity Title: The Set of Real Numbers

Learning Target: To illustrate the development of the set of real numbers and to identify the classification of
a given number using the set of real numbers and its subsets.
Concept Notes
Counting numbers
– are the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, … are also called natural numbers. The three dots at the end of the
list indicate that the list continues without end.
The set of whole numbers is the union of the set of natural numbers and zero. {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, …}
Set of Integers
– is the union of the positive whole numbers, zero, and the negative whole numbers. This expanded
set of numbers {…, -4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, …} is called the set of integers.
p
Rational number – is the quotient of two integers, , where q is not zero. The set of rational numbers is the
q
union of the set of integers and the set of positive and negative fractions. Rational numbers can also be
written as decimals.
Irrational numbers
– cannot be expressed as a quotient of two integers and their digits never repeat nor terminate when
expressed as decimals. Examples of irrational numbers are √ 2 = 1.41421356… and π = 3.14159265... Their
digits never repeat nor terminate.
– Irrational numbers cannot be expressed as a quotient of two integers. These are not like the
1
number 0.333…. which can be written as 0. ̅3. This is equal to and therefore rational.
3
Exercise
A. Tell whether the following numbers are rational or irrational.
1. √8 6. π
2. 4. ̅6 7. 9.13 + 3.02
3. -17 8. √ 81
13
4. 15. 03 9.
20
5. √ 25 10. √ 18

Concept Notes: Set - Is Described As Well-Defined Collections or Group of Objects

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Concept Notes: Set - Is Described As Well-Defined Collections or Group of Objects

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Concept Notes: Set - Is Described As Well-Defined Collections or Group of Objects

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Day 1

NOTRE DAME OF JARO

Learning Plan for Mathematics

Activity Title: Sets

Learning Plan for Math–7 (BD & BM)

Activity Title: Sets

1. The set of counting numbers from 1 to 10

8. The counting numbers less than 30

Universal Set and Set Complement

Learning Plan for Math–7 (BD & BM)

Activity Title: The Set of Real Numbers

A. Tell whether the following numbers are rational or irrational.

You might also like