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Psychrometrics

Psychrometry is the study of air-water vapor mixtures. It analyzes properties like relative humidity, specific humidity, dew point temperature, and enthalpy. Key concepts include how the concentration of water vapor changes with altitude and how moist air can be treated as a mixture of dry air and water vapor, with total pressure equaling the sum of partial pressures. Psychrometric charts graphically depict relationships between temperature, humidity, and enthalpy to analyze air conditioning processes like cooling, heating, humidification, and dehumidification.

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56 views4 pages

Psychrometrics

Psychrometry is the study of air-water vapor mixtures. It analyzes properties like relative humidity, specific humidity, dew point temperature, and enthalpy. Key concepts include how the concentration of water vapor changes with altitude and how moist air can be treated as a mixture of dry air and water vapor, with total pressure equaling the sum of partial pressures. Psychrometric charts graphically depict relationships between temperature, humidity, and enthalpy to analyze air conditioning processes like cooling, heating, humidification, and dehumidification.

Uploaded by

Rajesh Panda
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Psychrometrics

Psychromatic is the study of the properties of mixtures of air and water vapour.
Atmospheric air is a mixture of many gases plus water vapour and a number of pollutants, the amount of
water vapour and pollutants vary from place to place.

Concentration of water vapour and pollutants decrease with altitude and above 10 km, atmospheric air
consist of only dry air. When the moisture content is maximum, then the air is known as saturated air.
Moist air is treated as a perfect gas mixture of dry air and water vapour.
P = P t = Pa + Pv
Pt – total pressure
Pa – partial pressure of dry air
Pv – partial pressure of water vapour
NOTE:
Dry air may be assumed ot be a perfect gas as its temp. is high relative to its saturation temp.
Dry bulb temperature 
It is the temperature of the moist air as measured by a standard thermometer or other temp. measuring
instruments.
Saturated vapour pressure (Psat)  it is the saturated partial pressure of water vapour at the dry bulb
temp.

Relative humidity (  )-
It is defined as the ratio of partial pressure of water vapour (P v) in a mixture to the saturation pressure
(Psat) of pure water at the same temp. of mixture.
P
 v
Psat
Normally iit is expressed as a percent 4 is 100% implies saturated air.

Specific humidity or humidity ratio  (W)


It is define as the mass of water vapour (or moisture) per unit of dry air in a mixture of air and water
vapour.
Pv Kg of water vapor
W  0.622
Pt  Pv Kg dry air
 W = f (Pv, Pt)

Degree of saturated (  )
It is the ratio of actual specific humidity and the saturated specific humidity both at same temperature (T).
Pv
0.622
W Pt  Pv
 
WS Ps
0.622
Pt  Ps
Pv  Pt  Ps 
  
Ps  Pt  Pv 

Dew point temperature 


If unsaturated moist air is cooled at constant pressure, then the temperature at which the moisture in the
air begin to condense is known as dew-point temp(DPT) of air.
Enthalpy (h)
The enthalpy of moist air is the sum of the enthalpy of the dry air and the enthalpy of the water vapour.
h = 1.005t + W(2501 + 1.88t0 KJ/Kg
CPat(DBT) + w(2500 + 1.88t)(DBT) KJ/Kg of dry air

Psychometric chart

Constant enthalpy line are along the constant wet bulb temperature.

Basic Air Conditioning process


t t
 c 2
tc  t1
By pass factor
OG  Adiabatic cooling
OA  Sensible heating
OB  Sensible cooling
OC  Humidification’s
OD  Dehumidification
OE  Heating and humidification
OF  Cooling are dehumidification
OG  Cooling and humidification
OH  Heating and dehumidification
OF is possible when coil temp is less than the Dew Point temp. or incoming steam so vapour can
condense in liquid form.

Enthalpy of moist air (Al)


h = Cpat + w(2500 + 1.88t) KJ/Kg of dry Air.
t – dry bulb temp.
CPa – specific heat of air at const. pressure.
w – specific humidity.
Note:
 Relative humidity or saturated air will be 100%
 Wet bulb temperature (wbt) is always less than dry bulb temperature (ubt) except when air is
saturated.
 Wet bulb temperature is an indirect measure of the dryness of the moist air.
 For saturated air DPT = WBT = DBT

Psychrometry of Air conditioning process


Specific humidity of the mixture (w)
ma1w1  ma2 w 2
w
ma1  ma2
Entharpy of the moisture (h0
ma1h1  ma2h2
h
ma1  ma2
Temperature of the mixture (t)
ma1t1  ma2 t 2
t
ma1  ma2
ma – mass of dry Air
w – specific humidity
h – specific enthalpy
t – temperature (in 0C)

 volumetric efficiency of a reciprocating compressor


Volumetric efficiency at the compressor is defined as the ratio of actual volume entering the compressor
to the swept volume. It can be view as the breathing capacity of the compressor.
V V  V4 V1  V3  V3  V4
v  actual  1 
Vswept V1  V3 V1  V3
V3  V4 V3  V4 
v  1   1   1
V1  V3 V1  V3 V
 3 
V 
v  1  C  4  1
 V3 
1
n
V  P  V   P n
  4   3  4    3 
P3 V3n  P4 V4n  V3  P4  V3   P4 
  1 
  P2  n 
v  1  C    1
  P1  
  
1
 P n
v  1  C  C  2 
 P1 
C = clearance factor or clearance ratio
Clearance volume
C
Swept volume
P2 = pressure after compression
n = polytropic index of expansion
P1 = press before compressor

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