Assignment 1 (Applications of the Derivatives)

1. ) A trapezoidal trough is to be made from a strip of tin 20 inches wide by bending up the edges.
If the base is 8 inches, find the dimensions and the area of the trough of maximum capacity made in.
Solution:
Area of trapezoid
1
A (tw  bw)h
2 x 8 in. x
1 A B
A  ( w  8) y
2
6 in. y 6 in.
w  8  2x
1
A  (8  2 x  8) y
2 8 in. C
A  ( x  8) y  1
InABC :
x 2  y 2  62  2
By using auxiliary variable, say x
In 1
dA
 A  ( x  8) y  y (1)  0
dx
y
y  3
x 8
In 2
2 y  2 yy   0
yy   x
x
y    4
y
y  y 
y x
 
x8 y
y 2  x ( x  8)
y 2  x 2  8x  5
Substitute 5 in 2
x 2  y 2  62
x 2  x 2  8 x  36
2 x 2  8 x  36
2 x 2  8 x  36  0
a b c

 b  b 2  4ac
x
2(a )

 8  (8) 2  4(2)( 36)

x
2( 2)
 8  352  8  352
x  2.690 x  6.690
4 4
 x  2.690
w  8  2( x )
 8  2(2.690)
 13.38in. Width at the top
y  x 2  8x
2

y  x 2  8x
 (2.690) 2  8(2.690)
 5.362in. Height
1
A  ( w  8) y
2
1
 (13.38  8)( 28.7561)
2
 57.325in.2 Area of trapezoid
2. ) The sum of two numbers is 100. Fin the numbers and the maximum product of the square of
d
one by the cube of the other.
Solution:
Let the numbers be x and y; maximum product be p
x+y=100
x=100-y
p =x2×y3
=(100-y)2(y3)
=(10,000-200y+y2)(y3)
=10,000y3-200y4+y5
d
0= dy =30,000y2-800y3+5y4
0=5y2(y2-160y+6000)
(y-100)(y-60)=0
y=0 y=100 y=60
0 and 100 are invalid answers for y because it minimizes the function rather than
maximizing it so the correct answer for y is 60
x=100-y
x=100-60
x=40
Therefore, the two numbers are 40 and 60
p=x2×y2
p=(40)2×(60)3
p=345,600,000
3. ) Find the largest area of the largest rectangle that can be cut from a circular quadrant of diameter
8 feet.
Solution:
Area,
A  x(2 y )
A  2 xy  1
In OAD; OA=r
( z  x) 2  y  42

In OCD
y
45  45 45
45
 z=y
( y  x) 2  y 2  16
y 2  2 xy  x 2  y 2  16
2 y 2  2 xy  x 2  16  3
By using auxiliary variable, say x
In 1
A  2 xy   2 y  0
y
y    3
x
In 2
2( 2 yy)  2 xy  2 y  2 x  0
4 yy  2 xy   2 y  2 x  0  4
Substitute 3 in 4
y y
4 y( )  2 x( )  2 y  2 x  0
x x
2
4y
  2 y  2 y  2x  0
x
4 y2
(  2 x)(  x)
x
4 y2  2x2
2 y2  x2
x
y
2
In 2
x
x 2  2 x( )  x 2  16
2
16
x
2
2
2
x  2.165 ft .
x 2.165
y   1.531 ft .
2 2
A  2 xy
 2(2.165)(1.531)
 6.629 ft 2

4. ) A box open at the top is to be made from a piece of cardboard 30 in. x 40 in. by cutting equal
squares out of the corners then bending up the sides. Find the dimensions and volume of the largest
box that can be made in the way.
Solution: x x
(30-2)(40-2x) x x
V  (length )( width )( height )
 (40  2 x)(30  2 x)( x)
30 in.
 (1200  60 x  80 x  4 x 2 )( x) x x
dV x x
 4 x 3  140 x 2  1200 x
dx 40 in.
 0  12ax 2  280 x  1200
c
b
Quadratic Formula:
 b  b 2  4ac
x
2(a )
280  (280) 2  4(12)(1200)
x
2(12)
280  20800 280  20800
x  17.676 x  5.657
24 24

height  5.657in.
length  (40  2 x)
 (40  2(5.657))
 28.686in.
width  (30  2 x)
 (30  2(5.657)
 18.686in.
V  (40  2 x)(30  2 x)( x)
 (40  2(5.657))(30  2(5.657))(5.657)
 (28.686)(18.686)(5.657)
 3,032.30in.3
Assignment 2
1. ) Water flows into a tank/trough at the rate of 0.45 m3/minute. Find how fast the surface rises if
the tank/trough is:

a. Vertical cylindrical with a radius of 1.2 meters.

Solution:
Let v=volume of water in the tank
y=depth of water in the tank
V = Area of base(depth) D=2R=2(1.2m)=2.4m

= 4 D2 y

= 4 (2.4)2y
Finding the derivatives with respect to time=t,
dV  dy
dt = 4 (2.4) dt
2

dV
dt 0.45
 
dy  
( 2.4) 2 ( 2.4) 2
dt 4 4
= 0.0995 m/min.

b. With triangular cross-section 1.2m wide at the top, 1.4m high and 3.6m long when the water
in the trough is 0.75m deep.
Solution:
V =area of the cross section(length)
1
 2 xyL
2
 =xy(3.6)
=3.6xy
By ratio and proportion of two similar triangles y Area
( Triangle ABC is similar to triangle ADE)
x 0.6 3
 ;x  y
y 1.4 7
3 19
V  3.6( y ) y  1 y 2
7 35
dV 19 dy 3 dy
1 2y 3 y
dt 35 dt 35 dt
dV
dy
 dt
dt 3 3 y
35
When depth of water in the tank, y = 0.75m,
dy 0.45

dt 3 3 (0.75)
35 = 0.1944m/min
c. With trapezoidal cross-section 1.4m at the top, 0.60m wide at the bottom, 1.25m high and 3m
long when the depth of water in the trough is 0.60m.
V = Area of the cross-section (length)
1
V= 2 (width at top + width at bottom)( depth)(length)
1
= 2 (x+0.6+x+0.6)(y)(3)
=3(x+0.6)y
By ratio and proportion of two similar triangles
(Triangle ABC is similar to triangle ADE)
x 0.4
 ; x  0.32 y
y 1.25
V =3(0.32y+0.60)y
2
=0.96 y +1.8y
dV dy dy
 0.96( 2 y )  1.8
dt dt dt
dy dy
 1.92 y  1.8
dt dt
dV
dy dt

dt 1.92 y  1.8
When depth of water in the tank, y = 0.60m,
dy 0.45

dt 1.92(0.6)  1.8
=0.1524 m/min
2. A train, starting at noon, travels north at 40 mi. per hr. Another train, starting from the same point
at 2 PM travels east at 50 mi. per hr. Find to the nearest mile per hour how fast the two trains are
separating at 3 PM.
Solution:
Let t = time of travel of the train that started at noon ( in hour)
 t – 2 = time of travel of the train that started at 2 P. M. ( in hour)
Distance = Velocity (time)
dy dx
y (t ); x  (t  2)
dt dt
S  x  y 1
2 2 2

Finding the derivative with respect to time t,

dS dx dy
2S  2x  2 y ;
dt dt dt
dx dy
x y
dS
 dt dt
dt S
At 3 PM, time t = 3 hours
y = 40(3) = 120 miles
x = 50 ( 3 – 2 ) = 50 miles
In Equation 1, S2=502+1202; S=130 miles
dS 50(50)  120( 40)

dt 130
= 56.15 mph ( The speed at which the two trains are separating at PM
3. One city B is 55 km ( kilometers) north and 65 km east of another city A. At noon, a car starts
north from A at 50 KPH (kilometers per hour). At 12:15 P. M., another car starts south from B at 60
KPH. Determine the following:
a. The time when the two cars will be nearest together.
Solution:

b. The time rate of change of the distance between the two cars at 12:20 PM.
c. The time rate of change of the distance between the two cars at 12:45 PM.