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    Cutting Tool Materials and Cutting Fluids

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    Omed Othman
    The document discusses important factors in machining operations including selecting the proper cutting tool material, which must be harder than the workpiece material and able to withstand heat from cutting. Cutting tools must possess hardness, toughness, wear resistance, and chemical stability. Common cutting tool materials include carbon/alloy steels, high-speed steel, cobalt alloys, carbides, coated tools, ceramics, cubic boron nitride, and diamond. Cutting fluids are also discussed, noting their purposes of reducing friction/wear, forces/energy, cooling the cutting zone, washing away chips, and protecting surfaces from corrosion. Common types of cutting fluids include oils, emulsions, semi-synthetics, and synthetics.

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    Cutting Tool Materials and Cutting Fluids

    Uploaded by

    Omed Othman
    44 views5 pages
    The document discusses important factors in machining operations including selecting the proper cutting tool material, which must be harder than the workpiece material and able to withstand heat from cutting. Cutting tools must possess hardness, toughness, wear resistance, and chemical stability. Common cutting tool materials include carbon/alloy steels, high-speed steel, cobalt alloys, carbides, coated tools, ceramics, cubic boron nitride, and diamond. Cutting fluids are also discussed, noting their purposes of reducing friction/wear, forces/energy, cooling the cutting zone, washing away chips, and protecting surfaces from corrosion. Common types of cutting fluids include oils, emulsions, semi-synthetics, and synthetics.

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    The document discusses important factors in machining operations including selecting the proper cutting tool material, which must be harder than the workpiece material and able to withstand heat from cutting. Cutting tools must possess hardness, toughness, wear resistance, and chemical stability. Common cutting tool materials include carbon/alloy steels, high-speed steel, cobalt alloys, carbides, coated tools, ceramics, cubic boron nitride, and diamond. Cutting fluids are also discussed, noting their purposes of reducing friction/wear, forces/energy, cooling the cutting zone, washing away chips, and protecting surfaces from corrosion. Common types of cutting fluids include oils, emulsions, semi-synthetics, and synthetics.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    44 views5 pages

    Cutting Tool Materials and Cutting Fluids

    Uploaded by

    Omed Othman
    The document discusses important factors in machining operations including selecting the proper cutting tool material, which must be harder than the workpiece material and able to withstand heat from cutting. Cutting tools must possess hardness, toughness, wear resistance, and chemical stability. Common cutting tool materials include carbon/alloy steels, high-speed steel, cobalt alloys, carbides, coated tools, ceramics, cubic boron nitride, and diamond. Cutting fluids are also discussed, noting their purposes of reducing friction/wear, forces/energy, cooling the cutting zone, washing away chips, and protecting surfaces from corrosion. Common types of cutting fluids include oils, emulsions, semi-synthetics, and synthetics.

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    of 5

    Chapter 21 p.

    589

    Cutting tool materials and cutting fluids


    The selection of cutting materials for a particular application in among
    the most important factors in machining operation,

    Cutting tool must be made of a material harder than the material which is
    to be cut, and the tools must be able to withstand the heat generated in the
    metal cutting process.

    Cutting tools is subjected to the following:

    i. High temperature.
    ii. Contact stress.
    iii. Sliding chip.

    Cutting tool must possess the following characteristics:

    a) Hardness particularly at elevated temperature (hot hardness).

    Fig. 21.1 the hardness of various cutting tools materials


    b) Toughness: impact forces on the tool.

    c) Wear resistance: so that an acceptable tool life is obtained.


    d) Chemical stability with respect to work piece.

    Tool materials are usually divided into the following general categories:-

    1) Carbon and medium alloy steel.


    2) High speed steel (HSS).

    3) Cast – Cobalt alloys.


    4) Carbides.

    5) Coated tools.
    6) Alumina – based ceramics.
    7) Cubic boron nitride (Polycrystalline).
    8) Silicon –nitride – base ceramics.

    9) Diamond.
    10) Whisker – reinforced materials.
    Cutting fluids p.605

    Also called lubricants and coolants, cutting fluids are used extensively in
    machining as well as abrasive machining processes to obtain the
    following results:-

    1) Reduce friction and wear, thus improve tool life and surface finish.
    2) Reduce forces and energy consumption.
    3) Cool the cutting zone, thus reducing work piece temperature and
    thermal distortion.
    4) Wash away the chips.
    5) Protect the machined surfaces from environmental corrosion.
    Types of cutting fluids

    Four generally types of cutting fluids are commonly used in machining


    operations:

    a) Oils
    b) Emulsions
    c) Semi synthetics
    d) Synthetics

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