PATTERNS OF ORGANIZATION

DIAN ANGGRAINI HARAHAP, S.Pd.I., M.Hum

By :
AINUN FARISAH (19052019)

NURUL HIDAYAH (19052028)

MUSTIKA TRI PUTRI HURA (10052021)

FAKULTY OF MARTIAL ARTS AND EDUCATION

CLASS A ENGLISH EDUCATION

SCHOOL YEAR  2019/2020

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

PREPACE........................................................................................................................................2
CAPTER I........................................................................................................................................3
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
A. Background...........................................................................................................................3
B. The Purpose..........................................................................................................................3
C. Formulation Of The Problem.................................................................................................3
CAPTER II......................................................................................................................................4
DISCUSSION..................................................................................................................................4
A. Simple Listing......................................................................................................................5
B. Definition................................................................................................................................5
C. Chronological (Time) Order or Sequence...........................................................................5
D. Comparison - Contrast.........................................................................................................6
E. Cause and Effect..................................................................................................................6
F. Problem and Solution...........................................................................................................7
CAPTER III.....................................................................................................................................8
FINALE...........................................................................................................................................8
A. Conclusion............................................................................................................................8
B. Suggestion.............................................................................................................................8
BIBLIOGRAPHY..........................................................................................................................9
 PREPACE

First of all, thanks to Allah SWT because of the help of Allah, writer finished writing the
paper entitled “Patterns Of Organization” right in the calculated time.

The purpose in writing this paper is to fulfill the assignment that given by Mrs. Dian
Angraini, S.PdI, M.Hum as lecturer in samantics major. 

In arranging this paper, the writer trully get lots challenges and obstructions but with help
of many indiviuals, those obstructions could passed. writer also realized there are still many
mistakes in process of writing this paper.

Because of that, the writer says thank you to all individuals who helps in the process of
writing this paper. hopefully allah replies all helps and bless you all.the writer realized tha this
paper still imperfect in arrangment and the content.  then the writer hope the criticism from the
readers can help the writer in perfecting the next paper.last but not the least Hopefully, this paper
can helps the readers to gain more knowledge about samantics major.

Kisaran, 21 March 2020

Author
 CAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. Background

Perhaps one of the best ways to improve your reading ability is to learn to read
paragraphs effectively. Many experts believe the paragraph, not the sentence, is the basic
unit of thought of a selection. If one can quickly grasp the meaning of each of these though
units while reading, then comprehension will be heightened. It is important to identify with
the author's perspective by discovering the way the message is being sent.

B. The Purpose

To writing and some plan of action for getting a message across.

This plan of action is the order in which the material will be presented in the text.   This
order, often called a pattern of organization, should be present in acceptable writing from
the smallest to the largest unit of writing: the paragraph, groups of paragraphs, sub-
chapters, chapters, groups of chapters, whole books, and even series of books.   Each of
these, then, contains a certain pattern of organization.

To anticipate the overall pattern and then place the facts into a broad perspective.

C. Formulation Of The Problem 

1. How to develop paragraphs?
2. How to recognize organizational patterns?
3. What are some examples of Patterns of organization that are most frequently found
in textbooks?
 CAPTER II

DISCUSSION

Pattern of Organization
The usual organizational pattern is also called the text structure. Text structure is how
information is organized in writing. Text structures, or patterns of organization, not only vary
from writing to writing, but text structures may also change frequently from paragraph to
paragraph within a single piece of writing. The importance of these patterns is that they signal
how the facts will be presented. In textbook reading the number of details can be
overwhelming.  The mind responds to logical patterns; relating the small parts to the whole
simplifies complexities of the material and makes remembering easier. Although key signal
words help in identifying the particular type of pattern, a single paragraph can be a mixture of
different patterns.

For many kinds of reading, such as reading textbooks or articles in your own field, in
addition to the author’s topic and main idea, you also need to recognize how he developed them.
That way of idea development is called the pattern of organization. In some paragraph
information are presented in sequence of events, some others in sequence of steps, in comparison
and contrast, in cause and effects, in list of characteristics, or in the mixture of two different
paragraph types. Once you recognize the pattern, you will understand and follow their ideas
more efficiently. According to Mikulecky and Jeffries (2007: 134), there are six major pattern of
organization, i.e. listing, sequence, comparison/contrast, cause/effect, problem/solution, and
extended definition.

There are many ways to develop paragraphs. It's your job to make sure that the
structure or organization of the paragraph is clear to the reader. Have a look at the following
types of paragraph structure. This is not an exhaustive list but it does give an indication of the
variety of paragraphs that you can compose.

The following six examples are the patterns of organization that are most frequently found in
textbooks.
 A. Simple Listing

Items are randomly listed in a series of supporting facts or details.   These supporting elements
are of equal value, and the order in which they are presented is of no importance.   Changing
the order of the items does not change the meaning of the paragraph.

Signal words often used for simple listing are:

 in addition  also

 another  several

 for example  a number of

B. Definition
Frequently in textbook reading, an entire paragraph is devoted to defining a complex term or
idea.  The concept is initially defined and then further expanded with examples and
restatements.

Signal words often used for definition are:

 is defined as  is called

 means  refers to B. Chronological (Time) Order or

Sequence
 is described as  term or concept
Items are listed in the order in which
they occurred or in a specifically
planned order in which they must develop.  In this case, the order is important and changing it
would change the meaning.

Signal words often used for chronological order or sequence are:

 first, second, third  until

 before, after  at last

  when  next

 later

D. Comparison - Contrast

Items are related by the comparisons (similarities) that are made or by the contrasts
(differences) that are presented.  The author's purpose is to show similarities and differences.

Signal words often used for comparison-contrast are:

 similar, different  bigger than, smaller than

 on the other hand  in the same way

 but  parallels

 however

E. Cause and Effect

In this pattern, one item is showed as having produced another element.   An event (effect) is
said to have happened because of some situation or circumstance (cause).  The cause (the
action) stimulates the event or effect (the outcome).

Signal words often used for cause and effect are:

 for this reason  hence

 consequently  because

 on that account  made

 
F. Problem and Solution
 In this pattern, the main idea names a problem and indicates that one or more solutions. The
paragraph always consists of two parts: 1) a statement and 2) a description and explanation of
how it was solved. There are often no signal words for the details. The common key
words/phrases in the main idea are situation, trouble, crisis, dilemma or issue. The common key
words in the body of the paragraph include: solve, solution, resolved. 

CAPTER III

FINALE
A. Conclusion
 There are several form pattern of organization that usually containing in the
paragraph, such as listing, time order, comparison, and also cause-effect. Its important for
the reader to know what kind of pattern of organization which help them to understanding
main idea from paragraph.

In the listing pattern, the writer states the main idea in the form of a generalization and
gives a list of details or examples to support that general statement.

(1)   Key words/phrases in the main idea: many, several, a number of, a variety of, a few,
kinds of

(2)   Signal words/phrases: for example, for instance, first, second, another, also, besides,
in addition, final, last, most important.

And in time order also known and stages, narration or sequence of events, in this pattern,
ideas are presented in the order in which they occurred in time.

(1)   Signal word : first, third,…; next; then; finally; eventually; following this.

B. Suggestion
The author realizes that the paper for many errors and far from perfection. The author
will improve this paper based on many sources that can be accounted for. Therefore the
authors expect criticism and suggestions

BIBLIOGRAPHY

https://www.cuesta.edu/student/resources/ssc/study_guides/reading_comp/306_read_paragraph.h
tml
http://colelearning.net/who/module1/page33.html

https://myreadwritebooster.wordpress.com/reading-3/4-determining-the-topic-main-idea-and-
organizational-patterns-of-paragraphs/