Lab Manual 10

Threads

Operating systems Lab

COSC-2206

Copyright © 2019 Rida Fatima

To suggest more improvements and corrections please feel free to email to [email protected]. All rights
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7 JOINING THREADS

int pthread_join ( p t h r e a d _ t tid , void **s t a t u s ) ;

1. "Joining" is one way to accomplish synchronization between threads.

2. The pthread_join() subroutine blocks the calling thread until the specified threa-
did thread terminates.

3. The programmer is able to obtain the target thread’s termination return status if
it was specified in the target thread’s call to pthread_exit().

4. A joining thread can match one pthread_join() call. It is a logical error to attempt
multiple joins on the same thread.

EXAMPLE 02
# include < s t d i o . h>
# include < s t d l i b . h>
# include <pthread . h>

void *t h r _ f n 1 ( void *arg ) {

p r i n t f ( " Thread 1 e x i t i n g \n " ) ;
void *s t a t u s = " S u c c e s s " ;
p t h r e a d _ e x i t ( ( void *) s t a t u s ) ;
}

void *thr _ f n 2 ( void * arg ) {

p r i n t f ( " Thread 2 e x i t i n g \n " ) ;
p t h r e a d _ e x i t ( ( void *) 2 ) ;

i n t main ( void ) {
pthread_t tid1, tid2;
p t h r e a d _ c r e a t e (& t i d 1 , NULL, t h r _ f n 1 , NULL ) ;
p t h r e a d _ c r e a t e (& t i d 2 , NULL, t h r _ f n 2 , NULL ) ;
void *t r e t 1 ;
void *t r e t 2 ;
why p a s s i n g a d r e s s o f p o i n t e r t r e t 1 ?
p t h r e a d _ j o i n ( t i d 1 , &t r e t 1 ) ;
p t h r e a d _ j o i n ( t i d 2 , &t r e t 2 ) ;
c a s t i n g t r e t 1 t o c h a r*
p r i n t f ( " Thread 1 e x i t code i s : %s\n " , ( char* ) t r e t 1 ) ;
p r i n t f ( " Thread 2 e x i t code i s : %l d \n " , ( long ) t r e t 2 ) ;
exit(0);
}

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8 PASSING ARGUMENTS TO THREADS

The pthread_create() routine permits the programmer to pass one argument to the
thread start routine.

For cases where multiple arguments must be passed, this limitation is easily overcome
by creating a structure which contains all of the arguments, and then passing a pointer
to that structure in the pthread_create() routine.

All arguments must be passed by reference and cast to (void *).

EXAMPLE 03
# include < s t d i o . h>
# include < s t d l i b . h>
# include <pthread . h>
/* t h i s f u n c t i o n i s run by t h e s e c o n d t h r e a d /
void *i n c _ x ( void *arg ) {
/* i n c r e m e n t x t o
p r i n t f ( " Thread : P r o c e s s Id i s %d and Thread Id i s %l d \n " , g e t p i d ( )
,pthread_self());

i n p u t =( i n t * ) arg ;
while ( + + (* i n p u t ) < 1 0 0 ) ;
p r i n t f ( " x i n cr e m e n t f i n i s h e d \n " ) ;
/* t h e f u n c t i o n must r e t u r n s o m e t h i n g NULL w i l l
p t h r e a d _ e x i t (NULL ) ;
}
void main ( ) { / / main T h r e a d ;
int x= 0, y= 0;

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Operating Systems Lab Spring, 2019 KFUEIT, RYK

/* show t h e i n i t i a l v a l u e s o f x and y * /
p r i n t f ( " x : %d , y : %d\n " , x , y ) ;
p r i n t f ( " main : P r o c e s s Id i s %d and Thread Id
i s %l d \n " , g e t p i d ( )
,pthread_self());
/* this variable is our reference to the second thread*/
pthread_t thread_2;

/ * c r e a t e a s e c o n d t h r e a d w h i c h e x e c u t e s i n c _ x (&x ) */
( p t h r e a d _ c r e a t e (& thread_2 , NULL, i n c _ x , &x ) ) ;
/ i n c r e m e n t y t o 100 i n t h e f i r s t t h r e a d /
while (++y < 100);
p r i n t f ( " y i n cr e m e n t f i n i s h e d \n " ) ;
/*wait for the second thread to finish*/
( p t h r e a d _ j o i n ( thread_2 , NULL ) ) ;

/* show t h e r e s u l t s x i s now 100 t h a n k s t o t h e s e c o n d t h r e a d * /

p r i n t f ( " x : %d , y : %d\n " , x , y ) ;

p t h r e a d _ e x i t (NULL ) ;

EXAMPLE 04
# include <pthread . h>
# include < s t d i o . h>
# include < s t d l i b . h>
struct student_database{
i nt rollno;
f l o a t cgpa ;
};

struct student_database obj;

void *p r i n t _ f n ( void *t h r e a d a r g ) {
s t r u c t s t u d e n t _ d a t a b a s e *temp_data ;
temp_data = ( s t r u c t s t u d e n t _ d a t a b a s e* ) t h r e a d a r g ;
i n t r o l l n o = temp_data ->r o l l n o ;
f l o a t cgpa = temp_data ->cgpa ;
p r i n t f ( " I n s i d e Thread\n " ) ;
p r i n t f ( " R o l l no %d has cgpa :% f \n " , r o l l n o , cgpa ) ;
p t h r e a d _ e x i t (NULL ) ;
}

i n t main ( i n t argc , char *argv [ ] ) {

pthread_t thread_id;
obj.rollno=90010;
o b j . cgpa = 3 . 8 8 ;
printf("Creating t h r e a d \n " ) ;
p t h r e a d _ c r e a t e (& t h r e a d _ i d , NULL, p r i n t _ f n
,&o b j ) ;
p t h r e a d _ e x i t (NULL ) ;

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Operating Systems Lab Spring, 2019 KFUEIT, RYK

9 EXAMPLES

EXAMPLE 05
# include <pthread . h>
# include < s t d i o . h>
# include < s t d l i b . h>

pthread_t thread_i d1,thread_id2;

void *t h r _ f n 1 ( void * t h r e a d i d ) {
sleep(1);
p r i n t f ( " t h r e a d 1 : #%l d ! and Iam not w a i t i n g \n " , p t h r e a d _ s e l f ( ) ) ;
int i=0;
f o r ( i ; i < 5 ; i + + ) { p r i n t f ( " v a lu e o f i i s %d\n " , i ) ; }
p t h r e a d _ e x i t (NULL ) ;
}

void *t h r _ f n 2 ( void * t h r e a d i d ) {
p r i n t f ( " t h r e a d 2 : #%l d ! w a i t i n g f o r t h r e a d 1\n " , p t h r e a d _ s e l f ( ) ) ;
p t h r e a d _ j o i n ( t h r e a d _ i d 1 ,NULL ) ;
p r i n t f ( " t h r e a d 2 : t h r e a d 1 e x i t e d and now me e x i t i n g \n " ) ;
p t h r e a d _ e x i t (NULL ) ;
}

i n t main ( i n t argc , char * argv [ ] ) {

p r i n t f ( " main : c r e a t i n g t h r e a d \n " ) ;
p t h r e a d _ c r e a t e (& t h r e a d _ i d 1 , NULL, t h r _ f n 1 ,NULL ) ;
p t h r e a d _ c r e a t e (& t h r e a d _ i d 2 , NULL, t h r _ f n 2 ,NULL ) ;
p t h r e a d _ j o i n ( t h r e a d _ i d 2 ,NULL ) ;
p r i n t f ( " main : Both t h r e a d s e x i t e d \n " ) ;
p t h r e a d _ e x i t (NULL ) ;
}

EXAMPLE 06
# include <pthread . h>
# include < s t d i o . h>
# define NUM_THREADS 5

void *P r i n t H e l l o ( void *t h r e a d i d ) {
long *t i d ;
t i d = ( long * ) t h r e a d i d ;
p r i n t f ( " I t ’ s me , t h r e a d #%l d \n " ,
p t h r e a d _ e x i t (NULL ) ;
}

i n t main ( i n t argc , char *argv [ ] ) {

p t h r e a d _ t t h r e a d s [NUM_THREADS ] ;
long t ;
f o r ( t = 0 ; t <NUM_THREADS; t + + ) {
p r i n t f ( " In main : c r e a t i n g t h r e a d %l d \n " , t ) ;
p t h r e a d _ c r e a t e (& t h r e a d s [ t ] , NULL, P r i n t H e l l o ,
sleep(1);

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 Operating Systems Lab Spring, 2019 KFUEIT, RYK

/ * L a s t t h i n g t h a t main ( ) s h o u l d do * /
p t h r e a d _ e x i t (NULL ) ;
}

EXAMPLE 07
# include <pthread . h>
# include < s t d i o . h>
# include < s t d l i b . h>
char *message ;
struct thread_data
{
pthread_t*thread
_id;
char *message ;
};
struct thread_data thread_data;

void *t h r _ f n ( void *t h r e a d a r g ) {
s t r u c t t h r e a d _ d a t a *my_data ;
my_data = ( s t r u c t t h r e a d _ d a t a ) t h r e a d a r g ;
p t h r e a d _ t *t a s k i d = my_data ->t h r e a d _ i d ;
char *hello_msg= my_data ->message ;
p r i n t f ( " Thread i d i s : %l d \nMessage : %s " , hello_msg ) ;
p t h r e a d _ e x i t ( ( void *) " S u c c e s s f u l l " ) ;

i n t main ( i n t argc , char *argv [ ] ) {

pthread_t thread_id1;
message = " Have you l e a r n something today ?\n " ;
t h r e a d _ d a t a . t h r e a d _ i d =&t h r e a d _ i d 1 ;
t h r e a d _ d a t a . message = message ;
p r i n t f ( " C r e a t i n g t h r e a d \n " ) ;
p t h r e a d _ c r e a t e (& t h r e a d _ i d 1 , NULL, t h r _ f n , &t h r e a d _ d a t a ) ;
Void *s t a t u s ;
p t h r e a d _ j o i n ( t h r e a d _ i d 1 ,& s t a t u s ) ;
p r i n t f ( " Thread E x i t e d with s t a t u s : %s\n " , ( char* ) s t a t u s ) ;
exit(0);

Write output of all programs