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Machine Learning (ML) Is The Study of Computer Algorithms That Improve Automatically Through

Machine learning is the study of computer algorithms that can improve automatically through experience and learning from data, without needing to be explicitly programmed. It involves computers learning tasks from large amounts of data provided, rather than having human programmers specify every step. Early approaches divided machine learning into three categories: supervised learning using labeled training data to learn general rules; unsupervised learning to find hidden patterns without labels; and reinforcement learning where a program interacts with an environment and receives feedback to maximize goals. Deep learning has become the dominant approach in recent years.

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159 views2 pages

Machine Learning (ML) Is The Study of Computer Algorithms That Improve Automatically Through

Machine learning is the study of computer algorithms that can improve automatically through experience and learning from data, without needing to be explicitly programmed. It involves computers learning tasks from large amounts of data provided, rather than having human programmers specify every step. Early approaches divided machine learning into three categories: supervised learning using labeled training data to learn general rules; unsupervised learning to find hidden patterns without labels; and reinforcement learning where a program interacts with an environment and receives feedback to maximize goals. Deep learning has become the dominant approach in recent years.

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TSS Senthil
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Machine learning (ML) is the study of computer algorithms that improve automatically through

experience.[1] It is seen as a subset of artificial intelligence. Machine learning algorithms build a


mathematical model based on sample data, known as "training data", in order to make
predictions or decisions without being explicitly programmed to do so.[2] Machine learning
algorithms are used in a wide variety of applications, such as email filtering and computer vision,
where it is difficult or infeasible to develop conventional algorithms to perform the needed tasks.

Machine learning is closely related to computational statistics, which focuses on making


predictions using computers. The study of mathematical optimization delivers methods, theory
and application domains to the field of machine learning. Data mining is a related field of study,
focusing on exploratory data analysis through unsupervised learning.[4][5] In its application across
business problems, machine learning is also referred to as predictive analytics.

Machine learning involves computers discovering how they can perform tasks without being
explicitly programmed to do so. It involves computers learning from data provided so that they
carry out certain tasks. For simple tasks assigned to computers, it is possible to program
algorithms telling the machine how to execute all steps required to solve the problem at hand; on
the computer's part, no learning is needed. For more advanced tasks, it can be challenging for a
human to manually create the needed algorithms. In practice, it can turn out to be more effective
to help the machine develop its own algorithm, rather than have human programmers specify
every needed step.[6][7]

The discipline of machine learning employs various approaches to help computers learn to
accomplish tasks where no fully satisfactory algorithm is available. In cases where vast numbers
of potential answers exist, one approach is to label some of the correct answers as valid. This can
then be used as training data for the computer to improve the algorithm(s) it uses to determine
correct answers. For example, to train a system for the task of digital character recognition, the
MNIST dataset has often been used. [6][7]

Early classifications for machine learning approaches sometimes divided them into three broad
categories, depending on the nature of the "signal" or "feedback" available to the learning
system. These were:
Supervised learning: The computer is presented with example inputs and their desired outputs,
given by a "teacher", and the goal is to learn a general rule that maps inputs to outputs.
Unsupervised learning: No labels are given to the learning algorithm, leaving it on its own to
find structure in its input. Unsupervised learning can be a goal in itself (discovering hidden
patterns in data) or a means towards an end (feature learning).
Reinforcement learning: A computer program interacts with a dynamic environment in which it
must perform a certain goal (such as driving a vehicle or playing a game against an opponent).
As it navigates its problem space, the program is provided feedback that's analogous to rewards,
which it tries to maximise. [3]

Other approaches or processes have since developed that don't fit neatly into this three-fold
categorisation, and sometimes more than one is used by the same machine learning system. For
example topic modeling, dimensionality reduction or meta learning. [8] As of 2020, deep learning
has become the dominant approach for much ongoing work in the field of machine learning . [6]

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