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Assignment No 3

Subsynchronous resonance (SSR) is a phenomenon where one or more resonant frequencies of a turbine generator shaft coincides with a natural frequency of the electrical system due to a long transmission line with series capacitors, leading to sustained energy exchange between the mechanical and electrical systems. This can cause torsional stress on the shaft and damage it. SSR is influenced by series compensation levels and generator/control system parameters and can lead to shaft breakdown. The main procedural differences between a cold and hot start of a steam turbine are that a cold start takes longer (5 hours vs 25 minutes) and requires barring gear warmup for a longer period due to the turbine being shut down for over 20 hours in a cold start

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78 views5 pages

Assignment No 3

Subsynchronous resonance (SSR) is a phenomenon where one or more resonant frequencies of a turbine generator shaft coincides with a natural frequency of the electrical system due to a long transmission line with series capacitors, leading to sustained energy exchange between the mechanical and electrical systems. This can cause torsional stress on the shaft and damage it. SSR is influenced by series compensation levels and generator/control system parameters and can lead to shaft breakdown. The main procedural differences between a cold and hot start of a steam turbine are that a cold start takes longer (5 hours vs 25 minutes) and requires barring gear warmup for a longer period due to the turbine being shut down for over 20 hours in a cold start

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Assignment No 3

Q #1:
Describe the phenomenon of subsynchronous resonance and
briefly mention its influence upon the stable operation of electrical
power system?

Solution:
Subsynchronous resonance is a phenomenon in which one or more of the
resonant frequencies of the turbine generator shaft in thermal power units coincides
through the generator with a natural resonant frequency of the electrical system
with long radial transmission network with series capacitors such that there is a
sustained, cyclic exchange of energy between the mechanical shaft and the
electrical system, this includes any system condition that provides the opportunity
for an exchange of energy at a given subsynchronous frequency of the system. This
exchange of energy results in torsional stress on the turbine generator shaft that can
lead to severe damage. In extreme cases, the shaft can actually fracture.

So Whenever the load on an alternator is increased, the rotor speed slightly


decreases, this speed is called as subsynchronous speed. The rotor frequency at this
speed is called as subsynchronous frequency. At this frequency there are chances
of resonance occurance between the mechanical spring mass system of speed
governor of turbine generator and series capacitor. 

Subsynchronous resonance (SSR) can be caused by series compensated lines,


which would lead to turbogenerator shaft breakdown.Series compensation

level has the greatest influence on the torsional mode damping of the system. The
parameters of generator reactance, speed governing system, and excitation system
have some affect on the torsional mode damping. The parameters of excitation
system significantly affect the low-frequency oscillation damping.

Influence of subsynchronous resonance upon the stable operation of


electrical power system:

Due to this sub synchronous resonance, Torsional oscillations are produced on the


shaft which causes damage to the shaft.
Due to the relatively low resulting frequency, fluctuation of voltage and flickering
of light were observed. The most damaging effect of sub synchronous
resonance, however, was the torsional stress Impressed upon the shaft.
During the incident, an abnormal vibration of the control room floor was
noticed.
Since turbo-generator shafts are known to have cyclic fatigue, manufacturers
usually give a relationship between the percent loss of shaft
life versus the number of stress cycles experienced (16). Torsional

Interaction Increases the stress cycles, and thus reduces the life of the
shaft. The effect of torsional Interaction Is therefore most critical,
since the effect of cyclic fatigue is cumulative.
Q #2:
Differentiate between cold start and hot start of a steam turbine
power plant and describe the procedural steps for sequential turn off of a
steam turbine power plant?

Solution:
Cold start-up is the procedure which is followed when the turbine is in
stop/stand by condition for more than 20 hours. In this barring gear will be running
for 4 hours during which warming of the turbine (Turbine temperature increasing)
will be done by raising the vacuum through gland sealing. This procedure will take
5 hours to bring turbine from zero to rated rpm.

Hot start-up is the procedure which is followed when the turbine was bought to its
barring condition, and in that state the turbine is for less than 6 hours and the
casing temperature is maintained. In this barring gear will be running & gland
sealing will be lined up for warming up. This procedure will take ~25 minutes to
bring turbine from barring rpm to rated rpm.

Procedural steps for sequential turn off of a steam turbine power plant:
For sequential turn off of a steam turbine power plant following procedural steps
are followed:

The first thing we do is give one of the CTs a stop command. Now, to bring the
block offline we will give the second CT a stop command, the steamer will follow
suit.
When the CT is given the stop command it will reduce load and un-sync itself from
the grid. Its exhaust temp will drop accordingly (from ~1150F to about 900F
initially then it will drop even further after fires go out). This obviously will affect
steam creation, pressure in the drums and flow rates will drop. Since that program
is still running, as long as the pressure in the MS header is above 750 psi the HP
steam control valves leading into the HP section will be all the way open (it is
trying to reduce the pressure in the line to the 750 setpoint). Once CT exhaust temp
decreases and pressure in the HP drum decreases below 750 psi, the HP steam
control valve will start to pinch off (trying to maintain that pressure in the header).
As the HP control valve is pinching itself off, the steam bypass lines to the
condenser are being opened. By the time the HP control valve is closed, the bypass
lines are 100% open, dumping any residual steam in the lines or any steam being
created by heat in the HRSG to the condenser.

One of the main reasons we take CT off first is to preserve the integrity of our
condenser. If we were to take the steamer off first, the CT would still be exhausting
at high temp and the HRSG would be producing massive quantities of steam which
you could either vent to atmosphere or dump to the condenser. Venting them is not
a viable option for us so that would leave us dumping it straight to the condenser
for a short period of time. It is very undesirable to admit 1000F+ steam at pressures
over 1000 psi to a condenser. We had many problems doing this when our plant
was initially opened. In regards to admitting low quality steam to our Turbine as
another poster mentioned, I haven't been told this but I am postulating that the IPC
control mitigates that problem by denying steam entry to the turbine if it is under
750 psi.

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