Scribd
Upload
67 views

Assignment No 2: Study From Your Book (Chapter 07) - "7.5 - Over Load."and Describe Briefly As Per Your Understanding

The document discusses overload protection for generators and motors. It explains that overload protection is always applied to motors to prevent overheating, using devices like thermal elements or time-delay relays. Newer digital relays provide better protection by modeling thermal effects mathematically and sensing temperature directly. The document also discusses challenges protecting against locked rotor overheating and some solutions.

Uploaded by

Noman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
67 views

Assignment No 2: Study From Your Book (Chapter 07) - "7.5 - Over Load."and Describe Briefly As Per Your Understanding

The document discusses overload protection for generators and motors. It explains that overload protection is always applied to motors to prevent overheating, using devices like thermal elements or time-delay relays. Newer digital relays provide better protection by modeling thermal effects mathematically and sensing temperature directly. The document also discusses challenges protecting against locked rotor overheating and some solutions.

Uploaded by

Noman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 8

Assignment No 2

Q #1:
Study from your book (chapter 07) - "7.5 - Over Load."and
describe briefly as per your understanding.

Solution:
Protective practices are different for generators and motors. In the case of
generators, overload
protection, if applied at all, is used primarily to provide backup protection for bus
or feeder faults rather than to protect the machine directly.
The use of an overcurrent relay alone is difficult because the generator’s
synchronous impedance limits the fault current of sustained faults to about the
same or less than the maximum or rated load current.
Overload protection is always applied to motors to protect them against
overheating.
Fractional horsepower motors usually use thermal heating elements such as
bimetallic strips purchased with the motor starter. Integral horsepower motors use
time-delay overcurrent relays.
Thermal overload relays offer good protection for light and medium (long-
duration) overloads, but may not be good for heavy overloads.
A long-time induction overcurrent relay offers good protection for heavy overloads
but overprotects for light and medium overloads . A combination of two devices
can provide better thermal protection.
Today digital relays for motor protection are widely used to overcome the
shortcomings of solid-state or electromechanical designs that use current as an
indication of temperature or a thermal replica circuit
that does not have the mass necessary to reproduce the thermal inertia of a motor.
Digital relays take advantage of the ability to model the rotor and the stator
mathematically and use algorithms that calculate the conductor temperature
resulting from operating current, add the effect of ambient temperature, and
calculate the heat transfer and the heat decay. They are therefore responsive to the
effects of multiple starts, the major disadvantage of using only current as an
indication of temperature. In addition, a digital device can record actual operating
parameters such as ambient temperature, starting and running current and adjust
the algorithms accordingly.
Overtemperature from a locked rotor cannot reliably be detected by sensing the
line current magnitude. Since motors can stand high current for a short time during
starting, some time delay must be incorporated in the current-sensing device or
provision must be made to sense motor winding temperatures as well as line
current magnitude.
Digital relays are particularly suited to this type of logic combined with
temperature sensing. Another possible protective scheme is to shunt out the
current-sensing device during starting. Some larger motors are designed to have a
maximum allowable locked rotor current time less than the starting time of the
drive. This is permissible since, during a normal start,
much of the active power input during starting is utilized as shaft load, while on
locked rotor all of the active power input is dissipated as heat. Therefore, a time
delay sufficient to allow the motor to start would have too much delay to protect

against locked rotor.


Two approaches are possible to solve this dilemma.
1. Use a motor zero-speed switch that supervises an additional overload relay set
for locked
rotor protection.
2. Use a relay that incorporates temperature change and discriminates between the
sudden
increase during locked rotor and the gradual increase during load increases.

Q #2:
Solve example 7.5,7.6 and 7.7.

Solution:

You might also like