1.

Characteristics of mass production

- The units flow from one operation point to another throughout the whole process
- There will be one type of machine for each process
- The products, tools, materials and methods are standardized
- Production is done in anticipation of demand
- Production volume is usually high
- Machine set ups remain unchanged for a considerable long period
- Any fault in production is immediately corrected otherwise it will stop the whole
production process

2. Lean Manufacturing & its aims

- Improve quality
- Elimination of waste
- Reduce time
- Reduce total cost

3. Modular Production & its advantages

- Modular production system involves a group of 4-17 people who set their own
standards and work together to produce a finished garment. They work as a
team or module and each team member works on more than one operation.
In this system, operators help each other to finish the garment quickly and the
team is fully responsible for the production and quality. The number of teams
in a plant varies with the need of the industry, size of the industry and product
line in garments.  This system MPS is the perfect solution for the apparel
manufacturer where quick response is needed. This system is also popular as
a Cellular Garment Manufacturing, flexible workgroups or Toyota Sewing
System (TSS).
- Advantages

- MPS leads to cost savings.

-  The system is highly flexible with style changes and permits better line
balancing.
-  Enables fast throughput time, lower WIP, and small batch size can be
achieved.
-  Peer pressure encourages a team spirit and discourages absenteeism.
-  Productivity of human labour
-  Reducing supplies of unfinished production
-  Required less floor space
 -  Improved quality of the product

4. Characteristics of manufacturing and service industry

- Manufacturing
- Specialization
- Mechanization
- Use of technology of industrial engineering
- Increasing use of computers and data processing equipments
- Use of scientific method
- Service
- Intangibility
- Perishability
- Inseparability
- Variability

5. Strategic Fit

6. Forward Logistics Vs Reverse Logistics

Forward Logistics Reverse Logistics

Forecasting relatively straightforward Forecasting more difficult
One to many distribution points Many to one distribution point
Product quality uniform Product quality not uniform
Product packaging uniform Product packaging often damaged
Destination/routing clear Destination/routing unclear
Disposition options clear Disposition not clear
Pricing relatively uniform Pricing dependent on many factors
Importance of speed recognized Speed often not considered a priority
Forward distribution costs easily Reverse costs less directly visible
visible
Inventory management consistent Inventory management not consistent
Product life cycle manageable Product lifecycle issues more complex
Negotiation between parties Negotiations complicated by several
straightforward factors
Marketing methods well known Marketing complicated by several
factors
Visibility of process more transparent Visibility of process less transparent
7. Role of Information Technology in Supply Chain Management – 169 L&SCM R
- Better communication
- Competitive advantage
- Ease of operations
- Quick decision making
- Early warning system
- Accurate data
- Identifying the location of consignment
- It facilitates faster and efficient processing of information
- It facilitates more timely availability of information
- Many types of useful reports can be generated for management to make
decisions with the help of available information
- It enhances overall efficiency and effectiveness of the organization
- It reduces labour cost due to automation

8. Warehousing Strategy and its utility

- Strategies
- Presence synergies
- Industry synergies
- Operating flexibility
- Location flexibility
- Economies of scale
- Benefits
- Economic Benefits
- Consolidation
- Breakbulk
- Crossdock
- Processing postponement
- Stockpiling
- Service Benefits
- Spot stock
- Assortment
- Mixing
- Production support
- Market presence

9. ABC Analysis

10. Customer Based Strategy

11. GAP Analysis

 12. Principles of Benchmarking in supply chain management

13. Advantages of containerization

 Standardization
 Flexibility
 Costs.
 Velocity.
 Warehousing
 Security and safety

14. Characteristics of package design

- Convenient
- Attractive
- Economical
- Communicative
- Protective
- Environment friendly

15. Strategic alliance - https://www.ukessays.com/essays/business/benefits-of-

strategic-alliances-in-supply-chain-business-business-essay.php

16. Characteristics of outsourcing

- Swiftness and expertise

- Concentrating on core processes rather than the supporting ones
- Reduced operational and recruitment costs
- Risk sharing
- Staffing levels
- Save on infrastructure and technology
- Increasing in-house efficiency
- Run your business 24*7
- Improve service and delight customer

Drawbacks of outsourcing
 - Loss of managerial control
- Hidden costs
- Threat to security and confidentiality
- Quality problems
- Tied to the financial well-being of another company
- Bad publicity and ill will

17. Factors involved in make or buy decisions

- Size of the company
- Difficulties in manufacturing
- Quality of goods
- Profit factor
- Capacity to manufacture

18. Difference between traditional business and e-commerce

BASIS FOR TRADITIONAL

E-COMMERCE
COMPARISON COMMERCE

Meaning Traditional commerce is a e-Commerce means

branch of business which carryng out
focuses on the exchange of commercial
products and services, and transactions or
includes all those activities exchange of
which encourages exchange, in information,
some way or the other. electronically on the
internet.

Processing of Manual Automatic

Transactions

Accessibility Limited Time 24×7×365

Physical Goods can be inspected Goods cannot be

inspection physically before purchase. inspected physically
 BASIS FOR TRADITIONAL
E-COMMERCE
COMPARISON COMMERCE

before purchase.

Customer Face-to-face Screen-to-face

interaction

Scope of business Limited to particular area. Worldwide reach

Information No uniform platform for Provides a uniform

exchange exchange of information. platform for
information exchange.

Resource focus Supply side Demand side

Business Linear End-to-end

Relationship

Marketing One way marketing One-to-one marketing

Payment Cash, cheque, credit card, etc. Credit card, fund

transfer etc.

Delivery of goods Instantly Takes time

19. Ethical issues in SCM

- Truthfulness in marketing
- Use of animals in product testing
- Agricultural practices
- Honesty in information providing
- Degree of safety
- Donations
- Labour issues
20. Current trends in SCM
-  Demand Planning Begins at the End of the Cycle
- Globalization
- Increased competition and pressures
- Outsourcing
- Shortened and More Complex Product Life Cycles
- Collaboration Between Stakeholders in the Extended Supply Chain

21. Function of Warehouse and inventory

- Warehouse
- Receiving goods
- Identifying goods
- Sorting goods
- Dispatching goods to storage
- Holding goods
- Selecting retrieved packing
- Marshaling goods
- Dispatching goods
- Preparing records and advices
- Inventory
- Geographical specialization
- Decoupling
- Balancing demand and supply
- Buffer uncertainties

22. CPFR -
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collaborative_planning,_forecasting,_and_replenishment

23. 3PL & 4PL – 194 L&SCM R