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Assignment Fahad Sir

Multiplexing allows multiple signals to be transmitted simultaneously over a single communication channel by combining the signals. It involves techniques such as frequency division multiplexing (FDM), wavelength division multiplexing (WDM), and time division multiplexing (TDM). Without multiplexing, each signal would require its own channel, wasting bandwidth. With multiplexing, several signals can be carried on one channel, improving bandwidth utilization.

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278 views5 pages

Assignment Fahad Sir

Multiplexing allows multiple signals to be transmitted simultaneously over a single communication channel by combining the signals. It involves techniques such as frequency division multiplexing (FDM), wavelength division multiplexing (WDM), and time division multiplexing (TDM). Without multiplexing, each signal would require its own channel, wasting bandwidth. With multiplexing, several signals can be carried on one channel, improving bandwidth utilization.

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Submitted to:

Sir Fahad
Submitted by:
Tayyab Aram
Roll no: 06

Department of Computer Science


Sharif College of Engineering and Technology
Multiplexing
Generally, a communication channel such as an optical fiber or coaxial cable can
carry only one signal at any moment in time. This results in wastage of bandwidth.
However, we can overcome this drawback by using a technique called
multiplexing. By using the multiplexing technique, we can easily send multiple
signals simultaneously over a communication channel (medium). 

Definition:
Multiplexing is a technique which combines multiple signals into one signal,
suitable for transmission over a communication channel such as coaxial cable or
optical fiber. Multiplexing is also sometimes referred to as muxing.

Without Multiplexing vs With Multiplexing


The below figure shows the communication system without multiplexing.
The communication system without multiplexing carries only one signal at any
moment in time. Thus, it uses three communication channels to carry three signals.
In this technique, a large amount of bandwidth is wasted.
The below figure shows the communication system with multiplexing. It carries
three signals simultaneously. Thus, it uses only one communication channel to
carry 3 signals (multiple signals). In this technique, the bandwidth is effectively
used.

Types of Multiplexers
There are mainly two types of multiplexers, namely analog and digital. They are
further divided into FDM, WDM, and TDM.

Analog Multiplexing
The analog multiplexing techniques involve signals which are analog in nature.
The analog signals are multiplexed according to their frequency (FDM) or
wavelength (WDM).
Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM)
In analog multiplexing, the most used technique is Frequency Division
Multiplexing FDM. This technique uses various frequencies to combine streams of
data, for sending them on a communication medium, as a single signal.
Example: A traditional television transmitter, which sends a number of channels
through a single cable, uses FDM.

Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM)


Wavelength Division Multiplexing is an analog technique, in which many data
streams of different wavelengths are transmitted in the light spectrum. If the
wavelength increases, the frequency of the signal decreases.
Example: Optical fibre Communications use the WDM technique, to merge
different wavelengths into a single light for the communication.

Digital Multiplexing
The term digital represents the discrete bits of information. Hence the available
data is in the form of frames or packets, which are discrete.

Time Division Multiplexing (TDM)


In TDM, the time frame is divided into slots. This technique is used to transmit a
signal over a single communication channel, with allotting one slot for each
message. Of all the types of TDM, the main ones are Synchronous and
Asynchronous TDM.

Synchronous TDM
In Synchronous TDM, the input is connected to a frame. If there are ‘n’ number of
connections, then the frame is divided into ‘n’ time slots. One slot is allocated for
each input line. In this technique, the sampling rate is common to all signals and
hence same clock input is given. The mux allocates the same slot to each device at
all times.

Asynchronous TDM
In Asynchronous TDM, the sampling rate is different for each of the signals and
the clock signal is also not in common. If the allotted device, for a time-slot,
transmits nothing and sits idle, then that slot is allotted to another device, unlike
synchronous.

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