UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS

Civil and Political Rights

Civil rights deal with standards of judiciary and penal systems.
Political rights deal with specific components of participation in political power.
These rights are often focused on when one talks about human rights.

ESCR - The neglected half of Human Rights

Economic Rights deal with the sphere of human beings working, producing and servicing.
Social Rights deal with standard of living and quality of life for all persons, including those not participating in economic activities.
Cultural Rights deal with the cultural sphere of life including ethnic culture, subcultures, arts and science.

INDIVISIBILITY OF HUMAN RIGHTS

“All human rights are universal, indivisible and interdependent and interrelated. The international community must treat human rights
globally in a fair and equal manner, on the same footing, and with the same emphasis. While the significance of national and regional
particularities and various historical, cultural and religious backgrounds must be borne in mind, it is the duty of States, regardless of their
political, economic and cultural systems, to promote and protect all human rights and fundamental freedoms.
The Vienna Declaration and Program of Action (June 1993, Paragraph 5)

LEGAL BASES AND HUMAN RIGHTS

From individualist to conformist and from interpersonal to intrapersonal points of living, every human being has the vested rights for
preservation and protection of his life. Aside from the rights enshrined in Article III of the 1987 Philippine Constitution, human beings are
guaranteed in global perspectives of this rights as inscribed in the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights and adopted by the United Nations in
its efforts to establish a set of interest values towards peace.

The 58 Member States of the United Nations of varied ideologies, political system and religious and culture backgrounds and patterns of
socio-economic development explicitly and implicitly expressed their unified vision, mission vision of goals and objectives in creating humane and
peaceful societies among them. This holistic declaration is relentlessly taking its force to protect and promote the rights of every person and serve as
bases for the formulation of national and international legislations, treaties and policies.

Every human being has the vested rights for preservation and protection of his life. Aside from the rights enshrined in Article III of the
1987 Philippine Constitution, human beings are guaranteed in global perspectives of their rights as inscribed in the 1948 Universal Declaration of
Human Rights and adopted by the United Nations in its efforts to establish a set of interest values towards peace.

UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS

The General Assembly of United Nations contained such declaration follows:

Now , Therefore THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY proclaims THIS UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS as a
common standard of achievement for all peoples and at nations, to the end that every individual and every organ of society, keeping this Declaration
constantly in mind, shall strive by teaching and education to promote respect for these rights and freedoms and by progressive measures, national and
international, to secure their universal and effective recognition and observance, both among the Member States themselves and among the territories
under jurisdiction.

Article 1.
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in
a spirit of brotherhood.
Article 2.
Everyone is entitled to all rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, color, sex, language,
religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status, Furthermore, no distinction shall be made on the basis of
the political , jurisdictional or international status of the country or territory to which a person belongs, whether it be independent, trust, non-self-
governing or under any other limitation of sovereignty.
Article 3.
Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person.
Article 4.
No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms.
Article 5. No one shall be subjected to torture or too cruel in human or degrading treatment or punishment.
Article 6.
Everyone has the right to recognition everywhere as a person before the law.
Article 7.
All are equal before the law and entitled without any discrimination to equal protection of the law. All are entitled to equal protection against any
discrimination in violation of this Declaration and against any incitement to such discrimination.
Article 8.
Everyone has the right to an effective remedy by the competent national tribunals for acts violating the fundamental rights granted him by the
constitution or by law.
Article 9.
No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile.
Article 10.
Everyone is entitled in full equality to a fair and public hearing by an independent and impartial tribunal, in the determination of his rights and
obligation and of any criminal charge against him.
Article 11.
(1) Everyone charge with a penal offence on has the right to be presumed innocent until proved guilty according to law in a public trial at which he
has had all the guarantees necessary for this defense.
(2) No one shall be held guilty of any penal offence on account of any act or omission which did not constitute a penal offence, under national or
international law, at the time when it was committed. Nor shall a heavier penalty be imposed that be one that was applicable at the time the penal
offence was committed.
Article 12.
No one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with his privacy, family, home or correspondence, nor to attacks upon his honor and reputation.
Everyone has the right to the protection of the law against such interference or attacks.
Article 13.
(1) Everyone has the right to freedom of movement and residence within the borders of each state.
(2) Everyone has the right to leave any country, including his own, and to return to his country.
Article 14.
(1) Everyone has the right to seek and to enjoy in other countries asylum from persecution.
(2) This right may not be invoked in the case of prosecutions genuinely arising from non-political crimes or from acts contrary to the purposes and
principles of the United Nations.
Article 15.
(1) Everyone has the right to a nationality.
(2) No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his nationality nor denied the right to change his nationality.

Article 16.
(1) Men and women of full age, without any limitation due to race, nationality or religion, have the right to marry and to found a family. They are
entitled to equal rights as to marriage, during marriage and at its dissolution,
(2) Marriage shall be entered into only with the free and full consent of the intending spouses.
(3) The family is the natural and fundamental group unit of society and is entitled to protection by society and the State.
Article 17.
(1) Everyone has right to own property alone as well as in association with others.
(2) No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his property.
Article 18.
Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; his right includes freedom to change his religion or belief, and freedom, either
alone or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship and observance.
Article 19.
We all have the right to make up our own minds, to think what we like to say, what we think, and to share our ideas with other people. Everyone has
the right to freedom of opinion and expression’ this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference
Article 20.
We all have the rights to meet our friends and to work together in peace to defend our rights nobody can make us join a group if we don’t want.
Article 21.
We all have the right to take part in the government of our country. Every grown up should be allowed to choose their own leaders.
Article 22.
We all have the right to affordable hovering, medicine, education and children, enough money to like on and medical help if we are ill or old.
Article 23.
Every grown up has the right to do a job, to a fair wage for their work, and to join a trade union.
Article 24.
Everyone has the right to rest and leisure including reasonable limitation of working hours and periodic holidays with pay.
Article 25.
(1)Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing,
housing and medical care and necessary social services and the right to security in the event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old
age or other lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond his control.
(2) Motherhood and childhood are entitled to special care and assistance. All children whether born in or out of wedlock, shall enjoy the same social
protection.
Article 26.
(1)Education is right. Education shall be free, at least in the elementary and fundamental stages. Elementary education must be compulsory.
Technical and professional education shall be made generally available and higher education shall be equally accessible to all on the basis of merits.
(2)Education shall be directed to the full development of the human personality and to the strengthening of respect for human rights and fundamental
freedom. It shall promote understanding, tolerance and friendship among all nations, racial or religious groups, and shall further the activities of the
united nations for the maintenance of peace.
(3)Parents have a prior right to choose the kind education that shall be given to their children.
Article 27.
(1) Everyone has the right freely to participate the cultural life of the community, to enjoy the arts and to share in scientific advancement and its
benefits.
(2) Everyone has the right to the protection of the moral and material interest resulting from and scientific, literary or artistic production of which he
is the author.
Article 28.
Everyone is entitled to a social and international order in which the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration can be fully realized.
Article 29.
(1) Everyone has duties to the community in which alone the free and full development of his personality is possible.
(2) In the exercise of his rights and freedoms, everyone shall be subject only to such limitations as are determined by law solely for the purpose of
securing due recognition and respects foe the rights and freedoms of others and of meeting the just requirements of morality, public order and the
general welfare in a democratic society.
(3) These rights and freedoms may in no case be exercised contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations.
Article 30.
Nothing in this Declaration may be interpreted as implying for any State, group or person any right to engage in any activity or to perform any act
aimed at the destruction of any of the rights and freedoms set forth herein.