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    String Handling in C PDF

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    sairam biju
    The document discusses string handling functions in C. It describes: 1. What strings are and how they are initialized and declared in C. 2. Functions for getting string input, including gets() and scanf(). 3. Common string manipulation functions from the string.h library, including strlen() to get string length, strcat() for concatenation, strcpy() for copying, strcmp() for comparison, and strrev() to reverse a string.

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    String Handling in C PDF

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    sairam biju
    6K views3 pages
    The document discusses string handling functions in C. It describes: 1. What strings are and how they are initialized and declared in C. 2. Functions for getting string input, including gets() and scanf(). 3. Common string manipulation functions from the string.h library, including strlen() to get string length, strcat() for concatenation, strcpy() for copying, strcmp() for comparison, and strrev() to reverse a string.

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    The document discusses string handling functions in C. It describes: 1. What strings are and how they are initialized and declared in C. 2. Functions for getting string input, including gets() and scanf(). 3. Common string manipulation functions from the string.h library, including strlen() to get string length, strcat() for concatenation, strcpy() for copying, strcmp() for comparison, and strrev() to reverse a string.

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    6K views3 pages

    String Handling in C PDF

    Uploaded by

    sairam biju
    The document discusses string handling functions in C. It describes: 1. What strings are and how they are initialized and declared in C. 2. Functions for getting string input, including gets() and scanf(). 3. Common string manipulation functions from the string.h library, including strlen() to get string length, strcat() for concatenation, strcpy() for copying, strcmp() for comparison, and strrev() to reverse a string.

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    of 3

    String Handling Functions in C

    What is a string?
    A string is combination of characters.
    Any set or sequence of characters defined within double quotation symbols is a constant string.
    The string in C programming language is actually a one-dimensional array of characters which is
    terminated by a null character '\0'. Thus a null-terminated string contains the characters that comprise
    the string followed by a null.

    Initializing Strings
    The initialization of a string must the following form which is simpler to the one dimension array
    char month1[ ]={‘j’,’a’,’n’,’u’,’a’,’r’,’y’};

    The following example shows the use of string:


    /*String.c string variable*/
    #include < stdio.h >
    main( )
    {
    char month[15];
    printf (”Enter the string”);
    gets (month);
    printf (”The string entered is %s”, month);
    }
    Note:
    Character string always terminated by a null character ‘’. A string variable is always declared as an
    array & is any valid C variable name. The general form of declaration of a string variable is

    Reading Strings from the terminal:


    The function scanf with %s format specification is needed to read the character string from the
    terminal itself. The following example shows how to read strings from the terminals:
    char address[15];
    scanf(%s,address);

    String operations (string.h)


    language recognizes that strings are terminated by null character and is a different class of array by
    letting us input and output the array as a unit. To array out many of the string manipulations,C library
    supports a large number of string handling functions that can be used such as:
    1. Length (number of characters in the string).
    2. Concatentation (adding two are more strings)
    3. Copy(copies one string over another)
    4. Comparing two given strings.
    5. Reverse the given string

    1. strlen( ) function:
    This function counts and returns the number of characters in a particular string. The length always
    does not include a null character. The syntax of strlen() is as follows:
    n=strlen(string);
    Where n is the integer variable which receives the value of length of the string.
    The following program shows to find the length of the string using strlen() function
    /*writr a c program to find the length of the string using strlen() function*/
    #include < stdio.h >
    include < string.h >
    void main( )
    {
    char name[100];
    int length;
    printf(”Enter the string”);
    gets(name);
    length=strlen(name);
    printf(”\nNumber of characters in the string is=%d”,length);
    }

    2. strcat( ) function:
    when you combine two strings, you add the characters of one string to the end of the other string. This
    process is called as concatenation. The strcat() function is used to joins 2 strings together. It takes the
    following form:
    strcat(string1,string2)
    string1 & string2 are the character arrays. When the function strcat is executed string2 is appended to
    the string1. the string at string2 always remains unchanged.
    //Sample program.
    void main( )
    {
    char a[20],b[20];
    clrscr();
    printf("\n Enter first string : ");
    gets(a);
    printf("\n Enter second string : ");
    gets(b);
    strcat(a," ");
    strcat(a,b);
    printf("\n Concatenated string is: %s",a);
    getch( );
    }

    3. strcpy( ) function:
    To assign the characters to a string,C does not allow you directly as in the statement name=Robert;
    Instead use the strcpy() function found in most compilers the syntax of the function is illustrated
    below.
    strcpy(string1,string2);
    //sample program
    void main( )
    {
    char a[50],b[50];
    clrscr();
    printf("\n Enter a string: ");
    gets(a);
    strcpy(b,a);
    printf("\n String after copying: ");
    puts(b);
    printf("\n String before copying: ");
    puts(a);
    getch( );
    }

    4. strcmp( ) function:
    In c,you cannot directly compare the value of 2 strings in a condition like if(string1==string2) Most
    libraries however contain the function called strcmp(),which returns a zero if 2 strings are equal, or a
    non zero number if the strings are not the same. The syntax of strcmp() is given below:
    strcmp(string1,string2)

    Note : Return Value


    · if Return value if < 0 then it indicates string1 is less than string2
    · if Return value if > 0 then it indicates string2 is less than string1
    · if Return value if = 0 then it indicates string1 is equal to string2

    void main( )
    {
    char str1[ ] = "fresh" ;
    char str2[ ] = "refresh" ;
    int i, j, k ;
    i = strcmp ( str1, "fresh" ) ; // 0
    j = strcmp ( str1, str2 ) ; // -1
    k = strcmp ( str1, "f" ) ; // 1
    printf ( "\n%d %d %d", i, j, k ) ;
    getch( );
    }

    5. strrev( ) function:
    This function reverses the characters in a particular string. The syntax of the function strrev is
    illustrated below
    strrev(string);

    //sample program
    void main( )
    {
    char a[50];
    clrscr();
    printf("\n Enter a string: ");
    gets(a);
    printf("\n String before reversed:%s",a);
    printf("\n String after reversing:%s",strrev(a));
    getch( );
    }

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