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    Active Filter Proposal Group 1 PDF

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    marwan
    1. The document describes a project proposal to design and simulate an active band pass filter with Bessel response. 2. The objectives are to obtain the magnitude and phase responses of the filter and observe the effects of pole number and Q factor on characteristics like cut-off frequency and roll-off rate. 3. The methodology involves choosing specifications, performing calculations, simulating the design in Multisim, and building a hardware circuit to validate the simulation results.

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    Active Filter Proposal Group 1 PDF

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    marwan
    65 views7 pages
    1. The document describes a project proposal to design and simulate an active band pass filter with Bessel response. 2. The objectives are to obtain the magnitude and phase responses of the filter and observe the effects of pole number and Q factor on characteristics like cut-off frequency and roll-off rate. 3. The methodology involves choosing specifications, performing calculations, simulating the design in Multisim, and building a hardware circuit to validate the simulation results.

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    1. The document describes a project proposal to design and simulate an active band pass filter with Bessel response. 2. The objectives are to obtain the magnitude and phase responses of the filter and observe the effects of pole number and Q factor on characteristics like cut-off frequency and roll-off rate. 3. The methodology involves choosing specifications, performing calculations, simulating the design in Multisim, and building a hardware circuit to validate the simulation results.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    65 views7 pages

    Active Filter Proposal Group 1 PDF

    Uploaded by

    marwan
    1. The document describes a project proposal to design and simulate an active band pass filter with Bessel response. 2. The objectives are to obtain the magnitude and phase responses of the filter and observe the effects of pole number and Q factor on characteristics like cut-off frequency and roll-off rate. 3. The methodology involves choosing specifications, performing calculations, simulating the design in Multisim, and building a hardware circuit to validate the simulation results.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    of 7

    Wednesday, 21 February 2018 Group 1

    UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA

    FACULTY OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING


    SKEL 3742

    ADVANCED ELECTRONIC LABORATORY

    ACTIVE FILTER

    Group Members:

    1. DARANISWARAN A/L THIAGARAJAN


    2. DHARSHINI A/P SADACHARAM
    3. LEE CHING YEE
    4. HOR WEI JIE

    Section: 5

    Group: 1

    1
    Wednesday, 21 February 2018 Group 1

    PROJECT PROPOSAL

    TITLE: Active filter

    PROBLEM BACKGROUND:

    Filters are circuits which enable signal processing functions, specifically to remove unwanted
    frequencies. Filters can be passive or active depending on the components they consist of. Active
    filters are made up of op-amp, transistors, capacitors and resistors. Active filters eliminate inductors
    as they are bulky and expensive compared to passive components. Some of the advantageous of an
    active filter are flexible voltage gain, easy tuning of cut-off frequency, no loading effect, and cost
    effective since wide range of economical operational amplifiers are available and no inductor. A low-
    pass filter transmits signal with low frequencies but stops high frequencies signals, and vice versa for
    a high-pass filter.

    OBJECTIVES:

    1. To obtain the magnitude responses of an active filters.

    2. To obtain the phase responses of an active filters.

    3. To observe the characteristics of an active filter based on the number of poles and Q’s factor (i.e.
    the effect of Q factor on cut-off frequency, the effect of pole on the rate of roll-off and the natural
    frequency).

    METHODOLOGY:
    1. The specification of an active filter is chosen referring to the table below:

    Super tweeter type of speaker is chosen with a minimum estimated gain of 26db (19.95,
    approximated to 20). The type of response chosen is Bessel response. Input voltage (𝑉𝑖𝑛 ) is set to 5V.

    2
    Wednesday, 21 February 2018 Group 1

    2. Manual calculations are done to obtain values of quality factor (Q), bandwidth (BW) and centre
    frequency (𝑓0).

    a) 𝑓𝑂 = √𝑓𝐻 × 𝑓𝐿
    b) 𝐵𝑊 = 𝑓𝐻 − 𝑓𝐿
    0 𝑓
    c) 𝑄 = 𝐵𝑊

    Based on the Q obtained from the calculation, the active filter is categorized either narrow band
    (Q>10) or wide band (Q<10).

    3. Based on the specification above, the active filter is sketched, and the values of resistor and
    capacitor are calculated using the formula below:

    For stage 1 (High pass filter) HPF:

    a) 𝐴1 = 3 − 𝛼
    1
    b) 𝑘𝐻𝑃 = 𝑘
    𝐿𝑃
    𝑘𝐻𝑃
    c) 𝑅𝐴 = 2𝜋𝑓𝐿 𝐶
    d) 𝑅𝐹1 = 𝑅𝐴 𝐴1

    For stage 2 (Low pass filter) LPF:

    a) 𝐴1 = 𝐴2
    b) 𝑘𝑙𝑃 is obtained from the table.
    𝑘
    c) 𝑅𝐵 = 2𝜋𝑓𝐿𝑃 𝐶
    𝐻
    d) 𝑅𝐹2 = 𝑅𝐵 𝐴2

    For amplifier gain:


    𝐴 = 𝐴1 × 𝐴2
    𝑅1
    𝐴=1+
    𝑅2
    𝑅1 = 𝑅2 (𝐴 − 1)

    4. The Bessel response Band Pass Filter (BPF) circuit diagram is sketched and simulated by using
    Multisim software according to the value of resistor and capacitor obtained to investigate the output
    waveform, roll-off rate, voltage gain, magnitude and phase response.

    5. The required components for the practical circuit are obtained from the laboratory.

    6. The practical circuit is build based on the schematic circuit diagram from Multisim using the
    required components.

    3
    Wednesday, 21 February 2018 Group 1

    WEEKLY TIMELINE:

    TASK ALLOCATION:

    Criteria Roles
    Brainstorm All members
    Manual Calculation All members
    Simulation Daren, Lee Ching Yee
    Documentation Dharshini, Hor Wei Jie

    FLOW CHART:

    Chose specifications Determine if it is


    based on: • Narrow band
    • band pass gain, low and high • Wide band Sketch the filter design.
    cut off frequency

    Compare the results with


    Calculate the values of R
    the manual calculations. Stimulate the design using
    and C based on sallen-key
    Troubleshoot if there is an multisim.
    component.
    error.

    Build the hardware and


    Troubleshoot if there is
    compare the readings
    error.
    with the stimulation.

    4
    Wednesday, 21 February 2018 Group 1

    DESIGN SPECIFICATION:

    Calculation Simulation

    f o = 44.72 kHz f o = 45.53 kHz

    𝑓𝐿 = 20kHz 𝑓𝐿 = 17kHz

    f H = 100kHz f H = 116kHz

    21.10 + 13.54
    Roll off rate = log 17.50𝑘−log 1.73𝑘
    Roll off rate = 40dB/decade
    = 34.48𝑑𝐵/𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑎𝑑𝑒
    Gain = 26 dB Gain = 24.04 dB

    Type of response: Bessel

    Bessel is chosen because it has the best step response as it has almost no overshoot. Due to its
    linear phase response, this filter has excellent pulse response (minimal overshoot and
    ringing). For a given number of poles, its magnitude response is not as flat, nor is its initial
    rate of attenuation beyond the -3dB cut off frequency as steep as the Butterworth. It takes a
    higher-order Bessel filter to give a magnitude response like a given Butterworth filter, but the
    pulse response fidelity of the Bessel filter may make the added complexity worthwhile.

    List of equipment:

    Components Values Quantity

    Resistor 1kΩ 4

    Resistor 120Ω 2

    Resistor 4.7kΩ 1

    Resistor 10kΩ 1

    Resistor 1.2kΩ 1

    Resistor 330Ω 2

    Capacitor 10nF 4

    5
    Wednesday, 21 February 2018 Group 1

    EXPECTED OUTCOME (SIMULATION):

    Circuit diagram of the Bessel response second-order band pass filter.

    Gain = 24.04 dB, f o = 45.53 kHz

    6
    Wednesday, 21 February 2018 Group 1

    Roll off rate = 34.48𝑑𝐵/𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑎𝑑𝑒

    𝑓𝐿 = 20kHz, f H = 100kHz

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