THE

HYPERLOOP

JIDAPA ATIPAKKUL (HIGH)

TEEROTHAI PRANGLAOR (JEDI)

SANA YONGPHIPHATWONG (FAFA)

IFAN NINATKIATTIKUL (MILD)

TOUCHAPOL DETCHANUN (MOS)

PHIMRAPHAT SOONJUN (PIM)

T A B L E O F C O N T E N T

TABLE OF CONTENT 1

ABSTRACT 2

INTRODUCTION 3

HOW DOES IT WORK 4

ADVANTAGES 5

MATERIALS 6

PROCEDURES 7,8,9

EXPERIMENT 10

RESULTS 11

ANALYSIS OF THE FINAL TRIAL 12

BASED ON THE VELOCITY OF OUR HYPERLOOP

MODEL 13

REAL LIFE ADAPTATIONS 14,15,16,17

WHY THE NEDD FOR HYPERLOOP? 18

CONCLUSION 18
T A B L E O F C O N

1
 ABSTRACT

This lab report critically examines how hyperloop , a new model of

transportation where magnetically levitated pods are propelled at

speeds of up to 760mph within a tube, works. The concept was first

proposed by Elon Musk in a White Paper ‘Hyperloop Alpha’ in 2013

with a proposed route between Los Angeles and San Francisco.

Hyperloop is a faster alternative to existing transnational rail and

air travel and would be best applied to connect major cities to help

integrate commercial and labour markets; or airports to fully utilise

national airport capacity. Hyperloop’s low-energy potential could

help alleviate existing and growing travel demand sustainably by

helping to reduce congestion and offer a low carbon alternative to

existing transport modes. This lab report will basically portray how

the hyperloop works by showing an experiment with a result and

discussion.

2
INTRODUCTION

Hyperloop, what is a hyperloop? What is the main

objective of this innovation? How does it work? Are there
any benefits toward it? Hyperloop is a new revolutionary
way of transportation that allows passengers to travel
from one place to their desired destination at a faster rate,
reducing their travelling time. The innovation uses the
concept of magnetic levitation and Newton’s law of
motion to create a frictionless movement of a body in a
low-pressure capsule. Hyperloop has been said to be
different from high speed train, in such that it is two-three
times faster, this is because it will operate at top speeds of
760mph, however, to achieve a gradual acceleration and
deceleration the speeds would have to be at an average of
600mph, as have been mentioned by Elon Musk.

3
 HOW DOES IT
WORK?
The main feature of the hyperloop is by reducing surrounding air resistance which
drastically decreases the friction. Additional, magnetic levitation plays a significant role,
it is when an object is suspended with no additional support, except for the force of
magnetic repulse. It allows the vehicle to move along the path without touching the
ground, reducing the friction and allowing high speed motion.

The maglev (a transportation system in which trains glide above a track supported by
magnetic repulsion and propelled by a linear motor) use a linear electric motor for
propelling. A conventional electric motor has two primary parts: a stator (the part that
stays still) and a rotor (the part that moves or rotates). When voltage is applied to the
stator it makes the rotor spin and does the work of spinning a power drill. A proprietary
linear electric motor has the same two main parts, however, the rotor doesn’t rotate
but instead moves in a straight line along the length of the stator. In the hyperloop
system, the stators are mounted to the tube, the rotor is mounted to the pod, and the
pod straddles the stators as it accelerates down the tube.
HOW DOES IT
This introduces the principle of electromagnetism. It creates a strong and large
WORK?
temporary magnet, which the magnetic field will be generated when the electric
current is passing through the coiled wire according to Faraday’s law. As already
mentioned, the train travels along a guideway of magnets which control the train's
stability and speed. Maglev trains are therefore quieter and smoother than
conventional trains, and have the potential for much higher speeds. If the technology
works the top speed can be estimated about 670 miles per hour or 1080 kilometers per
hour. That is 2-3 times faster than high-speed rail and magnetic levitation trains, and
10-15 times faster than traditional rail.

The hyperloop is energy-agnostic. The system can draw power from whichever energy
sources are available along the route. If that means solar and wind, then the entire
system is 100% carbon free (no carbon dioxide emissions) unlike high-speed rail and
traditional trains that require power along the entire track.

Although, the hyperloop is fast-moving, it needs to come with high standard quality.
The entire system is prone to a single point of failure that would be catastrophic to the
entire structure. A simple breach and all passengers inside would perish almost
instantaneously.
4
 ADVANTAGES

Safer
Hyperloop is designed to be self automated, meaning that there is no driver
needed reducing the amount of error that may occur.
The hyperloop is under enclosured environment allowing protection from any
weather events. Within the vehicle stores a life support system that allows it
to re-pressurize the tube if needed. It is also equipped with multiple
emergency braking techniques with any sudden trigger the vehicle will come
to a complete stop.

Faster
The hyperloop will operate at the speed 670 miles per hour or 1080
kilometers per hour, which is 2-3 times faster than high-speed rail and
magnetic levitation trains, and 10-15 times faster than traditional rail.
Hyperloop is a faster alternative to existing transnational rail and air travel
and would be best applied to connect major cities to help integrate
commercial and labour markets; or airports to fully utilise national airport
capacity.

Lower cost
The cost per trip is estimated at around 20 dollar per one way trip. As for the
construction it is less expensive than building high-speed rail, since the track
requires power to power through the whole entire path.

More convenient
The pods are able to function depending on the passengers needs, since it can
depart several times per minute. Passengers and cargo can go straight to
their desired location without having to make any stops along the way.

Resistant to Earthquakes
Elon Musk says the hyperloop will cover the distance from San Francisco to
Los Angeles in half an hour, so naturally it will have to account for the risk of
earthquakes, thermal expansion/contraction, and large scale land
movement.To deal with the problem, the Hyperloop would be built on pylons,
with two adjustable lateral dampers, so the tube would not be rigidly fixed to
the ground. That would allow it to absorb the force of movement, and not be
shattered by it.

Conserve environments
Hyperloop’s low-energy potential could help alleviate existing and growing
travel demand sustainably by helping to reduce congestion and offering a low
carbon alternative to existing transport modes.

5
 METHODS
Clay

Stop watch

A clear tube
Electrical tape

Tube caps
Hairdryer

Flexible air pipe

Tape

A train model

6
 PROCEDURES

1. For rail preparation, attach a clear

tube about 2 meters long to a flexible
air pipe in order to create continuous
airflow.
2. Then apply tube caps on
another end of the clear tube
for minimum leak of air inside.

3. For the train model, if the train

is too light, clay is needed to
increase its weight. It will make
the train more steady when
4. When all of the main actually running.
materials are prepared, set
the hairdryer at the end of
the flexible air pipe to start
the vacuum.

7
 PROCEDURES

5. To start the process,

turn on the hairdryer and
close one end of the pipe
to create a vacuum. Leave
it turned on for about 10
seconds in order for
maximum outside air to be
removed.

6. In 10 seconds, reopen the end

of the clear tube without the
hairdryer. Air from the outside
will push the model train to go
forward. Moreover, if this model
does work, it will go at a very fast
speed because of the vacuum
conditions.

7.Then, to compare the situation, we have to do another trial

with regular air resistance. Flip the hair dryer so the side that
blows goes into the tube and acts as regular airflow in our
environment.

8
 PROCEDURES

8.The air push from the hairdryer

will push the train back to its
initial point. However, this time
without the vacuum cleaner, the
train will move slower due to lots
of air resistance.

9.To make the

experiment more
constant, repeat the
experiment about 5 to
10 times.

10.Find the
average time of
both cases then
compare the
results.

9
 EXPERIMENT

In the beginning, our hypothesis was to use the motor train with the boost of vacuum
cleaner to create a hyperloop condition, which the train will be transporting through a
low-pressure tube. At first, we used a train that was attached to a motor as the train in
our model of the hyperloop. However, after many trials, the difference between the
two trials was so minute. Even though the speed of the train increased in the
hyperloop condition, compared with the normal condition, which is normal air
pressure and using the motor to accelerate, the difference was too little. This
happened because of the motor; the wheels of the train were moving due to the
motor’s speed, which is already set as well as the direction. With that said, while the
train moved forward and the vacuum cleaner was draining the air inside the tube, the
condition wasn't strong enough to effectively accelerate the speed of the train
because the wheel resisted and tried to move due to the speed of the motor. As a
consequence, we changed the model to be the original train that has no motor and
can’t accelerate by itself. With the train that has no acceleration, another problem
emerged; we could not release the train in the same acceleration in every trial by our
own hand force. So, we decided to accelerate this train by using air from the vacuum
pump. Secondly, during the experiment, we nearly remove all of the air inside the
hyperloop tube using the vacuum cleaner. This effectively creates our own sky inside
the tube, which is a low-pressure condition. However, due to the purpose of the
vacuum cleaner, which is draining the air, we can’t show the normal condition which is
the condition when the tube is filled with air, or having normal pressure inside the tube
without changing the side of the vacuum cleaner every time. Therefore, we decided to
change our vacuum pumps. As a result, the perfect combination is the hairdryer and
the train without a motor, because we can create both situations that you clearly see
the difference between traveling with hyperloop, and normal train traveling.

In the experiment, we used the hairdryer to suck all the air inside the tube that is
closing on both sides in order to create a low-pressure tube. After that, we open one
side of the tube up to make the train accelerate up because of the draining air and
transporting through a low- pressure tube. Then, we compared with the second
condition, that we always open one side of the tube, and then used the hairdryer to
push or accelerate the train back through the normal pressure tube. From these ways,
we can obviously see that the hyperloop condition was two to three times faster than
the normal condition.

10
RESULTS

11
 ANALYSIS OF THE
FINAL TRIAL

Mean of the normal cases

(3.87 + 4.75 + 4.36 + 4.93 + 3.94 + 4.06 + 6.86 + 4.69 +
5.71 + 7.88) 10 = 5.105 seconds

Mean of the vacuumed cases

(2.16 + 2.69 + 2.15 + 2.3 + 2.14 + 1.94 + 2.07 + 2.31 +
2.38 + 2.37) 10 = 2.25 seconds

A train that runs in a vacuum in a 2 meters model is

approximately 2.855 seconds faster than the train
that runs in a normal condition with air resistance.

12
BASED ON THE VELOCITY OF
OUR HYPERLOOP MODEL

13
 REAL LIFE
ADAPTATIONS

Predicted traveling time using a hyperloop compared to high

speed rail:

According to research, The boarding process for Hyperloop is

anticipated to be relatively smooth due to the regular departure
of Hyperloop pods which would result in a steady and fast flow
of passengers. However, there could be occasions where more
passengers arrive than the available pod capacity, resulting in
queues forming and boarding times increasing. Trains have
relatively efficient boarding times due to the presence of several
carriages where passengers can enter. Those travelling by air
experience longer boarding times due to passengers squeezing
into few access points which creates an uncertainty in the
process.

14
 REAL LIFE
ADAPTATIONS

An approximate daily passenger capacity in different versions of hyperloop

from London to Edinburgh route compared to a high speed rail train :

It is important to note that passenger demand would not be

consistent throughout the day and there would be significant
peaks in demand during the rush hour. However, based on
current train services, while there are alterations to the
number of stopping points during peak times, there is not an
increase in the number of trains, and as such there would still
be a maximum of 1,178 passengers arriving per hour on rail for
the London to Edinburgh route. The table above indicates that
Hyperloop could exceed this capacity by operating larger pods
with a capacity of 40, which would allow up to 1,280
passengers to be transported per hour.

15
 India firmly in the lead in race
to build first hyperloop

The government of the Indian state of Maharashtra has approved Virgin

Hyperloop One's plans to develop a high-speed line between Mumbai and
Pune, which could become the world's first hyperloop. The planned hyperloop
line will connect the two cities in western India, which are around 100 miles
apart, in 35 minutes. This would be a drastic reduction on current travel times
of three and a half hours by car.

As India moves to create the

first hyperloop project in the
world, Virgin Hyperloop One
(VHO) has released new jobs
figures for the entire project
verified by KPMG, a strategic
partner, estimating that it
will create over 1.8 million
direct and indirect jobs in the
region through the creation
of a hyperloop route.

There are approximately 75 million passenger journeys between

Mumbai and Pune annually – expected to skyrocket to 130 million by
2026. Virgin Hyperloop One’s system can meet this growing demand
by supporting as many as 200 million passengers annually, linking
central Pune and Mumbai in less than 30 minutes, as opposed to the
current 3.5+ hours. This ultra-high speed linkage not only opens up
new economic and social opportunities but also offers a sustainable
form of mass transportation with zero direct emissions.

16
 Hyperloop in Thailand

The Kingdom of Thailand is the 50th largest country in the world in

terms of landmass. The distance between the most northerly and
southerly ends of the country is around 1500 kilometres. The cities
of Bangkok and Chiang Mai are separated by 600 kilometres and are
situated in two distinct regions of the country, Bangkok located in
Central Thailand and Chiang Mai in Northern Thailand .
According to the researcher, they
conducted data data ridership estimates in
order to determine current traffic volume,
cost and travel times, in order to get a
representation of what travelling within
this corridor is like today, given the current
infrastructure.

Bangkok - Chiang Mai: A total of 15,220,000

trips are made within the Bangkok – Chiang Mai
corridor each year. 730,000 by bus, 6,510,000
by car, 500,000 by rail and 7,480,000 by air. To
travel within the corridor one way, it will cost
THB 628.60 by bus, THB 1561,18 by car,
between THB 251.00 to THB 1548.00 by rail
and between THB 1071.80 to THB 1764.70 by
plane. It will take 10 hours and 32 minutes by
bus, 9 hours and 5 minutes by car, 13 hours and
11 minutes by train and 4 hours and 15 minutes
In the future, due to a tourism boom, we foresee higher
infrastructure stress which may alter travel times and
by plane to travel between the two cities.
hinder ridership volume. Furthermore, cities located
between major urban areas are forecasted to
substantially grow, as more people and companies
choose to relocate to less dense urban areas. However,
what if travelling between these cities could be reduced
from four and a half hours to just one hour? Introducing
hyperloop is an effective solution. A one-way trip
between Bangkok to Chiang Mai will cost
approximately THB 1,012 ($32 USD). The travel time of
the 590km trip will be 52 minutes (excluding access 17
time).
 WHY DO PEOPLE NEED
HYPERLOOP ?

A growing global economy requires faster, cheaper, safer and

more efficient transportation modes. Our roads, airports, and
ports are congested. We haven’t had a major new form of
transport in 100 years, and we’re due for one, especially one that
is ultra-fast, on-demand, direct, emission-free, energy-efficient,
quiet and has a smaller footprint than other high-speed transport
modes. Hyperloop is additive to existing forms of transportation
and will integrate seamlessly with the transport ecosystem.

CONCLUSION

All in all, a hyperloop is a new way of transportation which uses the idea of
creating a vacuum area as a rail for a high speed train along with magnetic
levitation. This concept highly relates to the law newton we have studied; an
object will remain at rest or in uniform motion in a straight line unless an
outside force acts to it. Creating a vacuum removes the outside air out and
creates that circumstance for the train to continuously move. The experiment
from our model shows that a train moving under a vacuumed condition travels
approximately twice the time in its normal condition. The hyperloop is now
becoming a topic highly spoken about within the society : about its traveling
time, capacity, costs, and most importantly, its safety. Even though this project
might seem distant to reality due to many obstacles; we are quite positive that
in 20 years, the hyperloop innovation will make a difference in all of our lives.

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