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Exercise.2 Measures of Central Tendency - Mean Median, Mode, Geometric Mean, Harmonic Mean For Raw Data

This document discusses various measures of central tendency including: 1) The mean (average) is calculated by summing all values and dividing by the total number of values. 2) The median is the middle-most value when values are arranged in order. It divides the data set into equal parts. 3) The mode is the value that occurs most frequently in the data set. It also provides examples of calculating the mean, median, mode, geometric mean, and harmonic mean for raw data sets.

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Muktanand Dhurve
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59 views

Exercise.2 Measures of Central Tendency - Mean Median, Mode, Geometric Mean, Harmonic Mean For Raw Data

This document discusses various measures of central tendency including: 1) The mean (average) is calculated by summing all values and dividing by the total number of values. 2) The median is the middle-most value when values are arranged in order. It divides the data set into equal parts. 3) The mode is the value that occurs most frequently in the data set. It also provides examples of calculating the mean, median, mode, geometric mean, and harmonic mean for raw data sets.

Uploaded by

Muktanand Dhurve
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Exercise.

2
Measures of central tendency – mean median, mode, geometric mean, harmonic
mean for raw data

Arithmetic mean or mean

Arithmetic mean or simply the mean of a variable is defined as the sum of the
observations divided by the number of observations. If the variable x assumes n values
x1, x2 … xn then the mean, , is given by

This formula is for the ungrouped or raw data.


Example 1
Calculate the mean for 2, 4, 6, 8, 10
Solution

Short-Cut method
Under this method an assumed or an arbitrary average (indicated by A) is used as
the basis of calculation of deviations from individual values. The formula is

Where, A = the assumed mean or any value in x

d = the deviation of each value from the assumed mean

1
Example 2
A student’s marks in 5 subjects are 75, 68, 80, 92, 56. Find his average mark.
Solution

X d=x-A
75 7
68 0
80 12
92 24
56 -12
Total 31

=68+6.2
=74.2
Median

The median is the middle most item that divides the group into two equal parts,
one part comprising all values greater, and the other, all values less than median.

Ungrouped or Raw data

Arrange the given values in the ascending or decreasing order. If the number of
values is odd, median is the middle value

If the number of values are even, median is the mean of middle two values.

By formula

When n is odd Median = Md =

When n is even Average of

2
Example 3

If the weights of sorghum ear heads are 45, 60, 48, 100, 65 gms. Calculate the median

Solution

Here n = 5

First arrange it in ascending order

45, 48, 60, 65, 100

Median =

= =60

Example 4

If the sorghum ear- heads are 5, 48, 60, 65, 65, 100 gms. Calculate the median.

Solution

Here n = 6

Meadian = Average of

and

Median =

Mode

The mode refers to that value in a distribution, which occur most frequently.

3
Computation of the mode

Ungrouped or Raw Data

For ungrouped data or a series of individual observations, mode is often found by


mere inspection.

Example 5

Find the mode for the following seed weight

2 , 7, 10, 15, 10, 17, 8, 10, 2 gms

Mode = 10

In some cases the mode may be absent while in some cases there may be more than one
mode.

Example 6
1. 12, 10, 15, 24, 30 (no mode)
2. 7, 10, 15, 12, 7, 14, 24, 10, 7, 20, 10
the modes are 7 and 10
Geometric mean
The geometric mean of a series containing n observations is the nth root of the
product of the values.
If x1, x2…, xn are observations then

G.M=

Log GM =

4
GM = Antilog

For grouped data

GM = Antilog

Example 7
If the weights of sorghum ear heads are 45, 60, 48,100, 65 gms. Find the
Geometric mean for the following data

Weight of ear Log x


head x (g)

45 1.653

60 1.778

48 1.681

100 2

65 1.813

Total 8.925

Solution
Here n = 5

GM = Antilog

= Antilog

= Antilog

= 60.95

5
Harmonic mean (H.M)
Harmonic mean of a set of observations is defined as the reciprocal of the
arithmetic average of the reciprocal of the given values. If x1,x2…..xn are n observations,

H.M =

Example 8

From the given data calculate H.M 5, 10, 17, 24, 30

5 0.2000

10 0.1000

17 0.0588

24 0.0417

30 0.4338

H.M = = = 11.526

Learning Exercise
The weight of 15 earheads of sorghum are 100, 102, 118, 124, 126, 98, 100, 100, 118, 95,
113, 115, 123, 121, 117.Find
(i) Average of weight
(ii) Median
(iii) Mode
(iv) Harmonic mean
(v) Geometric mean

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