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Columns MM

This document discusses theory of columns and their load carrying capacity. It defines columns as vertical members subjected to axial compressive loads. Columns can fail due to direct compressive stresses or buckling caused by bending stresses. The document describes different types of columns based on their failure mechanisms and length to cross-sectional area ratios. It also discusses assumptions in Euler's column theory and presents formulas to calculate the critical buckling load of columns with different end conditions based on their equivalent lengths.

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Gulshan Kumar
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43 views28 pages

Columns MM

This document discusses theory of columns and their load carrying capacity. It defines columns as vertical members subjected to axial compressive loads. Columns can fail due to direct compressive stresses or buckling caused by bending stresses. The document describes different types of columns based on their failure mechanisms and length to cross-sectional area ratios. It also discusses assumptions in Euler's column theory and presents formulas to calculate the critical buckling load of columns with different end conditions based on their equivalent lengths.

Uploaded by

Gulshan Kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Theory of Columns

Strength of Materials
Department of Civil Engineering
IITRAM, Ahmedabad
Course Instructor: Dr. Mahesh Mungule
Introduction
• Any member subjected to axial compressive load is
called a column or Strut.
• A vertical member subjected to axial compressive load
–COLUMN (Eg: Pillars of a building)
• An inclined member subjected to axial compressive
load –STRUT
• A strut may also be a horizontal member
• Load carrying capacity of a compression member
depends not only on its cross sectional area, but also
on its length and the manner in which the ends of a
column are held.
• Equilibrium of a column –Stable, Unstable,
Neutral.

• Critical or Crippling or Buckling load –Load at


which buckling starts
• Column is said to have developed an elastic
instability.
Types of Columns

According to nature of failure –short, medium and long


columns
1. Short column –whose length is so related to its c/s area
that failure occurs mainly due to direct compressive
stress only and the role of bending stress is negligible
2. Medium Column -whose length is so related to its c/s
area that failure occurs by a combination of direct
compressive stress and bending stress
3. Long Column -whose length is so related to its c/s area
that failure occurs mainly due to bending stress and the
role of direct compressive stress is negligible
Assumptions in Euler Theory

• Column is initially straight and the load is applied Axially


• Cross section of the column is uniform through out its
length
• The column material is isotropic and homogenous
• Length of the column is very large compared to its lateral
dimensions
• Direct stress (compressive stress) is very small compared
to buckling stress
• The column will fail by buckling alone
• Self weight of the column is negligible
Column with both ends hinged
• Consider a column with length L and uniform cross
sectional area A, hinged at both ends. Let P be critical
load i.e., crippling load at which column starts
buckling
Free Body Diagram
Column with one end fixed other free
Column with both ends fixed
Column with one end fixed other hinged
Equivalent Length

Equivalent length for different


end conditions
Thanks

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